SHANGHAI TOWER

Submitted by : Akul
 ABOUT SHANGHAI TOWER
SITE:
Location: Lujiazui finance and trade zone, Pudong District,
Shanghai China Area: 30,370 sq. m. (7.5 acres)

TOWER:
Height: 632m (2,073 ft.)
Stories: 121 occupied floors
Area: 410,000 sq. m. above grade and 164,000 sq. m. below grade
Program: Office, Luxury Hotel, Entertainment, Retail and
Cultural Venues.

PODIUM:
Height: 36.9m (121 ft.)
Area: 46,000 sq. m.
Program: Retail, Banking, Restaurant, Conference, Meeting and
Banquet facilities.
Below grade levels will house retail. 1800 parking spaces,
services and MEP functions.
ABOUT SHANGHAI TOWER

` EFFICIENT OPERATIONS
ARCHITECTURAL WONDERS
China’s first super high-rise to exceed 600 meters
World’s first single building with a weight of 850,000 tons constructed on a
soft ground
Tallest green building
Largest pouring work for the
main building’s foundation
surface
Tower bearings with the
biggest diameter
Curtain wall supporting steel
structure system with the highest
construction precision
China’s largest construction cranes
Heaviest damper
ABOUT SHANGHAI TOWER
Strictly followed the demands of green
building certification, combined various
green building technologies and
strategies, in line with its commitment to
environment protection
Completing the concrete pour at one
time by using 450 concrete mixer trucks,
8 pump stations of 4 districts throughout
the city and 60,000 cubic meters of
concrete within 63 hours
Round-shaped, self-bearing, continuous
walls as tower bearings with a diameter
of 123.544m
The most professional curtain wall
sliding bearings, with an accuracy of up
to 2 mm
Four M1280D tower cranes to improve
work efficiency
1,200 tons
Fastest elevator
First super high-rise with cloud
computing system
Most advanced energy management
and control centre
Highest wind turbines
Diesel generator with Asia’s
biggest capacity
Window cleaning equipment in the
most complex path
TOP-CLASS FACILITIES
First Chinese-style luxury five-star
hotel
Highest panorama restaurant
Highest hotel lobby
Highest swimming pool
Highest sky lobby
Three sightseeing elevators with a
maximum upward speed of 18
meters/second
Able to serve 15,000 to 20,000 people
Integrating CHP, Ground Source Heat
Pump, ice storage system, electric
refrigeration, boiler room, and other
facilities.
The tower’s topmost levels (565m to 578m)
will house 270 wind turbines with a
capacity of 135 kW of power
Reserve capacity of up to 10,000 kW,
single capacity of 2500 kW
Spiral-path gondola installed on top of the
tower
Co-branding with Jinjiang International
Hotel
Group – the J Hotel
On the 120th floor, at the height of 556.7m
On the 101th floor, at the height of 470m
On the 84th floor, at the height of 393.4m
On the 101th floor, at the height of 470m
 ABOUT SHANGHAI TOWER

Zoning/Building Area
● Site originally zoned for 200m
● Increased it to 632m as it was
master planned

Construction - many firsts for China

● Clay based soil conditions
● 18ft mat foundation
● 63 hour concrete pour
● 450 concrete trucks cycled
● GPS tracking
 INTRODUCTION
Location ：
 Shanghai Tower, located at the core of Pudong’s,
Area ：
Lujiazui Finance and Trade Area in Shanghai
 632 meters tall, with 121 floors above ground, 5 Architectural
composition ：
floors underground and a total construction area of
576,000 square meters.
 It is a vertical city and a mixed-use structure, with Main Tower ：
office space, a hotel, exhibition halls and both
business and tourism functionalities.
 It gradually spirals with 120 deg. Inclination.
 Its curved façade and spiraling form, symbolizes the
dynamic appearance of modern china. Podium:
 The building strictly adheres to green building design
standards. Building employs various green building
techniques and a high greening ratio of 33%.
Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Pudong, Shanghai, China
30,370 square meters
Main tower + podium
Height: 632 meters
Floors structural height: 580 meters 125 floors, 121 usable
floors
Area: Approximately 576,000 square meters (410,000
square meters above ground, 166,000 square meters
underground) Function: Office, hotels, recreation,
sightseeing, retail and cultural spaces
Height: 38 meters
Floor: 5 Floors
Area: Approximately 60,100 square meters
Function: boutique retail, catering, hotel entrance, exhibitions
and banquets. Retail, parking lot, service and
electromechanically facilities are available in the basement
area.

 Together with its neighbors, the 420-meter Jinmao
Tower and the 492-meter Shanghai World Financial
Center, Shanghai Tower and its graceful spiraling
design completes the urban triumvirate.
Owner / Developer ： Shanghai Tower Construction and Development Co., Ltd.
With a RMB 8.6 billion registered capital, the company is
Shareholder ：
jointly funded by Shanghai Chengtou Corporation (51%),
Shanghai Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone Development
Co., Ltd. (45%) and Shanghai Construction Group Co.,
 INTRODUCTION
 Shanghai Tower has 121 occupied floors,
• 4.09 million square feet (380,000 sq. m) of area above grade
and
• 1.52 million square feet (141,000 sq. m) of area below grade,
and
• 106 elevators.
 With nine zones, each comprising 12 to 15 stories and
dedicated to retail, office, hotel, and observation/cultural
facility uses, Shanghai Tower will be a self-contained city.
The circular building is wrapped in a second, exterior skin,
which spirals around it in a series of triangular shapes. The
angles of these triangles afford 21 public atriums, each 12 to
14 stories high.
 With a direct tie into a subway stop, the building has a
transit- oriented design.
 The dual-skin feature of the structure is important
 INTRODUCTION
 The outer skin sort of acts like a coat; it tempers that
space.” Warm air will be drawn from the occupied
spaces into the atrium, where a chimney effect
allows the heat to escape.
 The aerodynamics of the spiral shape sharply
reduce the wind load on the building, allowing
designers to use about one-third less structural steel
than in a conventional building.
 A 120-degree twist was adopted for the building
exterior profile.
 The wind flows around the building in a completely
different way.
 The form also represents the emergence of Shanghai
as a financial centre.
 INTRODUCTION
BUILDING FACTS :

 2nd tallest building in the world, and tallest building in china.

 120 deg. turn: from base to top, the tower makes a rotation
that is optimal for minimizing wind loads. The geometry of
the building saved 58 million dollars in costly structural
materials.

 Innovation skin: the circular inner-glass façade requires

14% less glass than a square building of the same total floor
area.

 6 meter deep(18 foot) matt foundation: trucks pumped

concrete during a continuous 63 hours pour in 2010.

 Power generation: A 2, 130kW natural gas-fired

cogeneration system on the site will provide electricity
and heat energy for the low zone areas.
 DESIGNING
Design Concept
Sculpted for Efficiency
The wind tunnel test is used to find the most
beneficial scaling factor of about 55% and
rotation at 120°, which is account for the 24%
savings of the wind
load working on the structure.

Technical Innovation
The concrete core acts with outriggers and
supercolumns are the advances science of super-
high rises.

Vertical Community
Shanghai tower embodies a new concept of super-
tall building by emphasizing public spaces at the
atrium levels.

Sustainable Achievements
There are two lays of skin wrapping the entire
building. The atriums created by the skins features
as an insulation which keep the temperature
 DESIGNING
The tower’s profound twist expression is the result of its
geometry, which can be broken down into three key :

1. HORIZONTAL PROFILE :

 The profile shape is based on an equilateral triangle.

 Two tangential curves offset at 60 degrees were used to
create a
smooth shape.
 This shape is driven by two variables:

• The radius of the large circle and its location relative to

the center of the equilateral triangle (profile). It should be
noted that the actual shape of the profile is independent of
the remaining two key geometric drivers.
• As a result, Gensler had the ability to look at the effect
of modifying the horizontal profile and the impact
such changes had on the tower form at all stages of the
design.
 DESIGNING

2. VERTICAL PROFILE :

• The concept of the form is to take the horizontal

profile and extrude it vertically and conform to the
vertical profile.
• From a functional point of view, it was important to
maintain a wide footprint for the lower third of the
tower, with a slender footprint at the upper third—a
reduction of about 55% overall.
• This proportional distribution allowed for large
lease spans within the office portion of the
tower and smaller spans within the upper-level
hotel/boutique offices.
• Adjusting the two values in the horizontal profile
and this third value in the vertical profile, we
now have complete control of vertical ratio, gross
floor area and building form.
 DESIGNING
3. RATE OF TWIST:

 This is a simple linear rotation from base to top.

 The fact that this final value can be changed independently allowed for great flexibility in the design stage,
especially in selecting the best combined overall building performance.
 The Gensler design team had anticipated that significant reduction in both tower structural wind loading and wind
cladding pressures could be established if the building further improved its proposed geometry following the
variables previously explained.
 Results acquired through this process have shown that a scaling factor of about 55% and rotation at 120° can
account for up to 24% savings in structural wind loading and cladding pressure reduction.
 DESIGNING
STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM :

Uses 32 – 35% less

structural materials
( concrete and steel ) than
any other conventional
buildings. It results in
savings of 58million US$

CENTRA L MEGA FLOOR PLATES INNER SKIN OUTER-WA LL SECOND SKIN

CORE COLUMNS STRUCTURE
 DESIGNING

Building Layout
Shanghai tower's program is organized into 9 vertical
zones.
 DESIGNING
FUNCTIONALITY & ZONE
DISTRIBUTION
Different zones of the tower includes the following:
• Zone 1: Retail
• Zone 2: Office
• Zone 3: Office
• Zone 4: Office
• Zone 5: Office
• Zone 6: Office
• Zone 7: Hotel
• Zone 8: Hotel & Boutique Office
• Zone 9: Observation & Cultural Facilities

Shanghai Tower has become the landmark of the Finance and

Trade Area in Lujiazui and an important foundation for the
financial service sector in Shanghai. Shanghai Tower also plays an
important role in optimizing the overall planning of the Lujiazui
area, perfecting city space, improving comprehensive business
functions and accelerating the offerings of this modern service
sector.
 DESIGNING
As A Vertical City Comprised Of 9 Zones, Shanghai Tower Serves Five Key Functions:

1. It provides international-standard, Grade-A offices. The area from Zone 2 to Zone 6 is comprised of
approximately 220,000 square meters of office area. In each zone, there is a trade floor providing corporations with
fully-equipped space for financial trade businesses. To meet the differentiated demands of the financial service
sector such as banks, insurances, securities and funds, and regional headquarters of transnational corporations
together with modern new-type service industries for offices, it offers 24/7, customized office space, system and
service.
2. It houses a luxury five-star hotel and facilities. Zone 7 and Zone 8 will house J Hotel-- a luxury five-star hotel
originating in China, with approximately 80000 square meters in total. This hotel, run by top international hotel
management companies will offer high-end customers personalized service, an experiential accommodation
environment and a luxurious space to meet their every need.
3. It provides space for themed boutique businesses. The main function of B1, B2 and the annex lies in commerce,
with an area of approximately 50,000 square meters. It involves unique commercial facilities such as brand retail
stores, specialized restaurants, business service centers and lifestyle space, providing office staff, business people
and residents with all-around, high-quality products and services.
4. It offers sightseeing, cultural and recreational facilities. The sightseeing area on the top of zone 9 covers an area of
4,000 square meters. Bringing to life the concept of an interactive, high-rise sightseeing, the city’s beauty can be
observed and taken in with this vantage point. The city’s residents and visitors alike can take a break outside of
 DESIGNING

5. It features event space and the facilities to accommodate

them. The banquet and conference areas in zone 1 and
the annex span 10000 square meters and meet the
demands for conferences, forums, exhibitions, art i. Retail and
performances, celebrations, fashion shows, parties and Conference Center
the like. ii. Mechanical
Additionally, there is a sky lobby composed of a double iii. Atrium
curtain wall at the bottom of Zones 2-8. There is a total of iv. Office Space
21 full-floor sky lobbies in the building with transparent v. Hotel
visions and panoramic city views, providing a safe and vi. Indoor Observation
comfortable work and social environment. Desk
vii. Outdoor
Observation
Desk
viii.Tuned Mass
Damper
 DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ROOF PLAN

 DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER

LEVEL NINE PLAN LEVEL NINETY-EIGHT

PLAN
 STRUCTURE
Structure Component
• Curtain Wall System
• Main Structure System
 STRUCTURE

TOWER TOP

• Vertical fin-like truss Two-way

truss
• Octagonal steel frame bracing
system
 STRUCTURE
CURTAIN WALL
SYSTEM

Diagram of positive and negative wind cladding loads (RWDI)

 STRUCTURE
one story-
radial truss
Core wall
two stories-
outrigger Diagonal corner column
truss
Super column MAIN STRUCTURE

Inner Cylindrical Tower

• Core
• Outrigger
• Mega Frame: Super column
system and belt trusses
The lateral and vertical
resistance of the tower will be
Belt truss
provided by the inner
cylindrical tower.
The primary lateral resistance is
provided by the core, outrigger,
and supercolumn system.
STRUCTURE

INNER CYLINDRICAL
TOWER
STRUCTURE
CORE

Core of the zone 1 and

basement

Shear Wall: Steel plate and

concrete combination
STRUCTURE

OUTRIGGER

• Double stories
• In the steel section of the super
columns, there are perpendicular
cross ribs that align with belt
trusses.

RADICAL
OUTRIGGER

• One story
 STRUCTURE
MEGA FRAME

SECTION OF SUPER-COLUMN

1-6 zone 7-8 zone

Supercolumn System: two at each end of each

orthonormal axis four diagonal supercolumns along each
 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
EMPLOYED
 The main part of the core-tube is a 30 m by 30 m square RC tube. The thickness
of the flange wall of the tube at the bottom is 1.2 m, and the thickness decreases
with the height of the tube and reduces to 0.5 m at the top. Similarly, the
thickness of the web wall decreases from 0.9 m at the bottom to 0.5 m at the top.
 According to the architectural functional requirements, the four corners of the
core-tube are gradually removed above Zone 5. Finally, the core-tube becomes
X-shaped at the top.
 The mega-column system consists of 12 shaped-steel reinforced concrete
columns with a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 5,300 mm×3,700 mm.
 8 mega-columns extend from the bottom to the top of the building, and the
section size gradually reduces to 2,400 mm×1,900 mm at the top.
 The remaining 4 columns are located at each corner and only extend from the
ground floor to Zone 5.
 The outrigger system, located at the mechanical stories, consists of circle trusses
and outriggers with a total height of 9.9 m. All of the components of the
outriggers are composed of H-shaped steel beams.
 Four element types are used in this model: the spatial beam elements used for the
external frames and outriggers, the multi-layer shell elements used for the shear
walls and the mega-columns, the truss elements used for the rebar and the shaped-
 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
EMPLOYED

LATERAL SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM

 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
EMPLOYED

 Steel I-sections are

embedded in concrete, that
supports the outrigger
trusses.

 The double belt truss

supported through main 8
columns support the curtain
walls.

 The main 8 columns reduces in

size as the building grows in
height, to complement the
reducing volume of building.
MEGA FRAME AND OUTRIGGER DETAIL
 STRUCTURE
 Shanghai tower asymmetry was designed in such way that wind loads were reduced
by 24 percent, producing building materials and construction savings. The tower
design features four pairs of super columns organized as nine cylindrical buildings
stacked one atop another.
 Shanghai tower inner layer has a triangular exterior layer that constantly shapes the
building façade from all directions.
 The building contains a double skin façade that creates nine atrium sky gardens,
cylindrical buildings stacked one atop the other, that could be used as plazas and
Reunions. Both skin facades are transparent establishing a connection between
the
Building's interior and shanghai’s urban fabric.
 The tower features a unique “dual-skin” exterior, with the circular building wrapped in
a second, exterior skin, which spirals around it. The varying angles of the second skin
create 21 landscaped public atriums, each 12 to 14 stories high, which will feature retail
and meeting spaces with sweeping views of the city.
 The dual-skin feature of the structure is important not only aesthetically but also
Environmentally and financially.
 The outer skin acts like a coat, tempering the space; warm air will be drawn from the
occupied spaces into the atrium, where a chimney effect allows the heat to escape.
 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
EMPLOYED
 The skyscraper comprises nine cylindrical buildings stacked on top of
each other, all enclosed by a circular inner curtain wall and a triangular
facade enveloping the entire structure.
 The tower is supported on 831 reinforced concrete bore piles sunk deep
into the ground.
 At its heart is a concrete core, of 30 sq. m. This itercts with the 4 super
columns. The core acts in concert with an outrigger and ‘super-column’
system, with double-belt trusses that support the base of each of the nine
vertical neighbourhoods.
 The outrigger trusses and super columns derive stiffness from the
concrete inner building, producing an effective system for resisting wind
and seismic loads for super tall buildings. This approach has made for an
easier and faster construction process, meaning significant cost savings
for the client.
 The tower’s form was refined using wind tunnel tests, which ultimately
reduced building wind loads by 24 per cent. The tests pinpointed a 120-
degree rotation as optimal for minimizing the wind loads.
 The result is a simpler and lighter structure with unprecedented
 STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
EMPLOYED
 To carry the load of the transparent glass skin, an innovative curtain wall has been designed which is
suspended from the mechanical floors above and stabilized by a system of hoop rings and struts.
 The laminated glass panels filter the sun, wind and rain, while the inner skin encloses the interior space with
a unitized low-E coated insulating glass curtain wall system with integral operable solar control devices.
 This double skin wall system takes advantage of the stack effect to provide natural ventilation and cooling.
 The buffer areas between the inner and outer skins help to regulate the environment as well as collect and
recycle rain water.
 FOUNDATION

FOUNDATION
•SYSTEM
Sandy silt
Piled raft foundation
• Diameter 121 m, 6 m thick
reinforced concrete circular
Fine sand
platform Silt
• Bored pile, pile length 56m in the Sandy silt
core area, 52m in the extension
area
SOIL CONDITION AND TEST
Silt

PILE Silty clay Section

• Soft soil area Silt

• Groundwater buoyancy 90% Load of Supercolumn and Core

(practical design considerations

80% of water buoyancy)
 FOUNDATION

EXCAVATION

• Tower foundation pits area of

11,500 square meters and a
depth of about 31 meters
• Non-beamed single building
pit
 FOUNDATION

56m length in core area, staggered

52m length in others, Orthogonal
52m length in s-column area,
PILES staggered

• Staggered pile arrangement in

load concentrated area
• Orthogonal shaped pile
arrangement in other area

Jin Mao Tower SWFC Shanghai Tower

Method Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of
buoyancy
Ratio of buoyancy
Ratio of buoyancy
load considered load considered load considered

Piles Plan
 FOUNDATION

RAFT

• Raft thickness is determined by the

strength of anti-punching, and then
check the flexural strength
• 6m thickness(3.7m of Dubai Khalīfa
tower)
• Variable stiffness design to control
Settlement of Settlement of
settlement Uniform stiffness design Variable Stiffness Design

• Variable stiffness iterative method to Width of raft /m

calculate the resulting of pile
stiffness after the amended merger

E-W axe /m
 ELEVATOR
 It has the distinction of having the
world’s fastest elevator, which will be
able to reach speeds of 40 miles per
hour.
 The building incorporates 106 elevators
and set a world record for furthest-
traveling single elevator, at 1,898 feet.
Motor in the elevators has a built-in
converter that regenerates electricity.
 This reduces the elevator's power
consumption by more than 30 percent,
according to Mitsubishi.
 The safety gear, which grasps the
elevator rails, if there's a cable problem,
is made of ceramic material that can
withstand high heat and friction.
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
 SUSTAINABLE HIGHLIGHTS

The Shanghai Tower features some extraordinary nature-friendly aspects such as:

 The inner glass, part of the buildings façades, uses 14 percent less glass than a building occupying
the same
area but in a square design.
 The glass façade minimizes energy consumption.
 By having two skin layers forming the building façade the Tower creates thermal buffer zones,
that improves indoor air quality.
 Some of the building’s parapets are designed to collect rainwater, used for tower’s heating and
AC systems.
 Shanghai Tower’s spiral shape creates an asymmetrical surface that reduces wind loads acting on
the building.
 Water treatment plants recycle grey water and storm water for irrigation and toilet use.
 A 38 % water consumption reduction is achieved by having interim water storage tanks
distributed within the tower allowing the water pressure to be maintained by gravity.
 Shanghai Tower has two chiller plants, strategically located, in the building reducing energy
required to pump chilled water.
 On-site power is generated by wind turbines located directly beneath the parapet.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AT THE CORE

Shanghai Tower is one of the most sustainably advanced tall buildings in the world—
designed to achieve both LEED® Gold certification and a China Green Building
Three Star rating

integrated
new water &

sustainable
regional bioclimatic waste
benchmark design management

goals

low energy
& low sustainable integrated
carbon materials
landscape
 SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

DAY LIGHTING SUN SHADING BUILDING CONTROLS COGENERATION

LOCAL MATERIALS ENVELOPE LANDSCAPING WIND

TURBINES
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES: WATER

EFFICIENCY

上海中心大廈
CAPTURE RAINWATER HARVESTING AND BLACKWATER TREATMENT FACILITY

40%
water reduction

178,000,000
million gal ons of water per year saved

425
olympic sized swimming pools
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES: WIND TURBINES AND LOAD
REDUCTION
● Wind turbines at the top of the building power the exterior lighting
● The geometry saved $58M in structural materials

上海中心大廈
● One degree of rotation on each floor
● Right amount of twist and taper sheds wind loads
● Allowed for makes the building more efficient 24%; less 32%
reduction n
120-degree turn from base to top
tower makes a rotation that is optimal for

45 minimizing wind loads

turbines

54,000kWh/ye
ar
power production
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES:DOUBLE SKIN
CURTAIN WALL
 Transparent second skin that
wraps the building - it creates

上海中心大廈
atriums that insulates and
reduces energy

 Targeted to reduce
energy consumption
by 21%

 Ventilated atriums conserve

energy by modulating the
temperature within the void

 Space acts as a buffer between

inside and outside, warming
up the cool outside air in
WORLD’S 20 TALLEST BUILDINGS BY 2020

FROM LEFT – RIGHT

1. KINGDOM TOWER, JEDDAH

2. BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI
3. PING A N FINANC, SCHENZEN
4. SEOL LIGHT DMC TOWER
5. SIGNATURE TOWER, JAKARTA
6. SHANGHAI TOWER, SHANGHAI
7. WUHAN GREENLAND CENTER
8. MAKKAH ROYAL CLOCK TOWER
HOTEL
9. GOLDEN FINANCE 117, TIANJIN
10. LOTTE WORLD TOWER, SEOUL
11. DOHA CONVENTION CENTER
AND
TOWER
12. ONE WOR;D TRADE CENTER, NY
13. CHOW TAI FOOK GUANGZHOW
14. TIANJIN CHOW TAI FOOK BINHAI
CENTER
15. DALIAN GREENLAND CENTER
16. PEMTOMINIUM, DUBAI
17. BUSAN LOTTE TOWN TOWER
18. TAIPAI 101
19. KAISA FENG LOANG CENTER
20. SHANGHAI WFC
THANK YOU