Types

of
Tourism

Zamanjit Singh Parmar

1
Continued from Last Class…

2
 Ecotourism

Ecotourism involves visiting undisturbed natural areas. It promotes conserving the environment
and improving the well-being of local people. Some of the best ecotourism destinations in the
world are Alaska, The Amazon, Antarctica, Australian Blue Mountains, Borneo, Botswana, Costa
Rica, Dominica, Galapagos Islands and Himalayas.

3
 Fashion Tourism

Fashion tourism involves visiting a particular place to enjoy, experiment, discover, study, trade and
buy fashion. It evolved out of creative tourism, cultural tourism and shopping tourism sectors. The
top fashion destinations in the world are New York, Paris, Barcelona, London, Rome, Milan, Hong
Kong, Los Angeles, Berlin and Toronto.

4
 Garden Tourism

Garden tourism is a niche tourism which involves traveling to botanical gardens and places that
has a rich history of gardening. Famous gardens which attracts tourists around the world are
Sissinghurst Castle Garden, Stourhead, Versailles, Giverny, Villandry, Rivau, Keukenhof, Villa
d’Este, Villa Lante, Alhambra, Longwood Gardens, Filoli, Taj Mahal and Ryōan-ji.

5
 Genealogy Tourism

Genealogy tourism or roots tourism involves tourists who travel to their ancestral place to
reconnect with their past or to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. It is a worldwide industry
and prominent in countries that have experienced mass immigration.

6
 Geotourism

According to National Geographic, Geotourism sustains or enhances the distinctive geographical

character of a place—its environment, heritage, aesthetics, culture, and the well-being of its
residents. Top geotourism destinations in the world are Tennessee River Valley, Sierra Nevada.
Scenic, Wild Delaware River, Heart of the Continent, Crown of the Continent, Lakes to Locks
Passage, Sedona Verde Valley, Four Corners and Bahamas.

7
 Glamping

Glamping is a portmanteau of "glamorous" and "camping", and describes a style of camping

with amenities and, in some cases, resort-style services not usually associated with "traditional"
camping. Glamping has become particularly popular with 21st-century tourists seeking the
luxuries of hotel accommodation alongside "the escapism and adventure recreation of camping"

8
 Grand Tour

The Grand Tour was the 17th- and 18th-century custom of a traditional trip

through Europe undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank
(typically accompanied by a chaperone, such as a family member) when they had come of
age (about 21 years old).
The itinerary of the Grand Tour was not set in stone, but was subject to innumerable variations,
depending on an individual's interests and finances, though Paris and Rome were popular
destinations for most English tourists.

9
 Halal Tourism

Halal tourism is geared towards Muslim families who follow the rules of Islam. The
accommodation service providers in such destinations do not serve alcohol and have a separate
swimming pool and spa facilities for men and women. Famous Halal tourism destinations in the
world are Malaysia, UAE, Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Jordan and Qatar.

10
 Heritage trail

Heritage trails are walking trails and driving routes in urban and rural settings that are identified
in most cases by signage and guidebooks as relating to cultural heritage.
The heritage might be built, or it can also be cultural heritage narrative. In most cases it is in
public space.
The nature of the trail can be seen to be beneficial for community development, community
participation, for discovering community heritage, and for involvement by community in
developing the trails.
In many countries heritage trails are self guided. However for the interpretation of features and
items of historical note, tour guides are required.

11
 Honeymoon Tourism

Honeymoon tourism is taken soon after a couple is married. Generally, newlyweds spend more on
this than any other type of tourism. Popular honeymoon destinations in the world are Cappadocia,
Turkey; Harbour Island, Bahamas; Harbour Island, Bahamas; Livingstone, Zambia; Pacuare River,
Costa Rica; Sintra, Portugal; Sintra, Portugal; Railay, Thailand; and Torres del Paine, Chile.

12
 House Sitting

House sitting means looking after someone else’s home while they’re away. The reasons people
get a sitter vary, but in most cases it’s because they have pets that need looking after and aren’t
comfortable putting them into boarding kennels or a cattery. Often there are several pets to look
after which would mean the boarding kennel costs doubles and very often people have pets that
most boarding kennels won’t look after (we’ve looked after alpacas and turtles for example).
Other reasons for getting a sitter include: having someone to collect the mail, having someone
there to act as a deterrent to burglars and having someone there to make sure things don’t go
wrong (e.g. the pipes freezing during winter).
All in all, it often makes much more sense to get a house sitter than to go with any of the
alternatives.

13
 Identity tourism

The term "identity tourism" is sometimes taken to mean the act of assuming a racial, ethnic,
socioeconomic, sexual or gender identity for recreational purposes. It may also refer to the tourism
industry's representation and/or construction of ethnic identities and historical or cultural heritage.

14
 Industrial Tourism

Industrial tourism are visits to industrial sites of a particular location. This concept has taken a
renewed interest in recent times and attracts tourists to visit industrial heritage and modern sites.
Some of the popular industrial tourism destinations in the world are Kawasaki, Japan; Saint-
Nazaire, France; Belle Isle, United States; Bataan, Philippines; and Munich, Germany.

15
 International Tourism

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines tourism as ‘traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes’. This tourism has increased due to the impact of greater globalization. Some of the
popular international tourism destinations are France, Spain, United States, China, Italy, Mexico,
Germany, Thailand and United Kingdom.

16
 International Volunteering

International volunteering also known as voluntourism is where people work for an organization
or cause outside their home country. According to recent trends, this type of tourism has become
popular in many countries. Famous international tourism destinations in the world are Thailand,
Cambodia, India, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tanzania, Morocco and Ghana.

17
 Jihadi tourism

Jihadi tourism, also referred to as jihad tourism or jihadist tourism, is a term sometimes used
to describe travel to foreign destinations with the object of scouting for terrorist
training. US diplomatic cables made public by WikiLeaks in 2010 have raised concerns about this
form of travel. Within intelligence circles, the term is also sometimes applied dismissively to
travellers who are assumed to be seeking contact with extremist groups mainly out of curiosity.

18
 Jungle Tourism

Jungle tourism is a subcategory of adventure tourism which is nothing but traveling to the jungle
regions of the earth. The top jungle tourism destinations in the world are The Jungles of Kipling,
The Jungles of Borneo, The Brazilian Amazon, Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Tarzan’s Africa, The
Wild Jungles of Papua New Guinea, Christmas Island’s Crazy Wildlife, Ancient Waipoua Forest,
Peru Cloud Forest and Monteverde Cloud Forest.

19
 Justice Tourism

Justice tourism or solidarity tourism aims to create economic opportunities for local communities,
positive cultural exchange and political/historical education. This may overlap with revolutionary
tourism. It is particularly promoted in Bosnia and Palestine.

20
 LGBT Tourism

LGBT tourism is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender
people. These tourists usually open about their sexual orientation or gender identity, travel to
LGBT friendly destinations and travel with other LGBT people irrespective of destination. The top
LGBT tourism destinations are Montreal, Brno, Myanmar, New York, Thailand, Chicago, Sitges,
Tel Aviv, Puerto Rico, Taipei, Barcelona, Rio de Janeiro and Saba.

21
 Libel Tourism

According to Dictionary.com, the act of suing a writer for alleged defamation in a foreign
jurisdiction where there are weak libel laws. England, Singapore, New Zealand, Kyrgyzstan and
Australia are popular libel tourism destinations.

22
 Literary Tourism

Literary tourism deals with tourists visiting birthplaces, burial sites, museums and other sites
associated with authors or literary creations. Some scholars refer to this as a contemporary type of
secular pilgrimage. Popular literary tourism destinations are London, Stratford-upon-Avon,
Edinburgh, Dublin, New York, Concord, Paris, San Francisco, Rome and St Petersburg, Russia.

23
 Militarism Heritage Tourism

Militarism heritage tourism is a type of tourism where people visit former military sites. Some of
the famous militarism heritage tourism locations are World War (I, II), Pacific Wars, Holocaust
remembrance, American Revolution and more.

24
 Motorcycle Touring

Motorcycle touring involves a motorcycle. Tourists either buy or rent bikes that are equipped for
long travel and luggage carrying capacity. Some of the popular motorcycle riding spots in the
world are Leh & Ladakh, Ceuta to Marrakesh loop, Pyrenees Loop, Cape Town Circuit, Dales and
Moors, Istanbul to Anatolia, Chasing Che, Tibet to Everest and Australia’s Great Ocean Road.

25
 Music cruise

A music cruise is a type of cruise ship tourism whose purpose centers around a musician, band, or
musical lineup with performances by the act or acts and interaction between the cruise-goers and
the stars. Music cruises can be thematic in genre, such as jazz, blues, rock, a musical era such
as the 1980s, country, and others, or may center around a particular musician, band or related
bands. Music cruises feature musical performances by the act or acts, and involve social activities
between fans and cruise performers such as Meet and Greets, question and answer sessions, and
parties.

26
 Music Tourism

Music tourism involves visiting a city or town to see musical festival or music performance. In
recent years, music tourism has transformed into a massive global phenomenon. Popular
destinations for music tourism are Liverpool, Havana, Pune, Trinidad and Tobago, Tokyo, Vienna,
Asheville, Essaouira and Berlin.

27
 Medical Tourism

Medical tourism refers to people traveling to another country to get medical treatment. People
from developed countries travel to developing countries to get low-priced medical treatment.
Popular medical tourism destinations in the world are India, Malaysia, Brazil, Thailand, Mexico,
Costa Rica, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore.

28
 Nautical Tourism

Nautical tourism combines sailing and boating with vacation activities. It also encompasses marine
tourism activities such as sailing, yachting, cruising and diving, coastal water sports, boat shows
and more. Some of the world’s top nautical tourism destinations are Croatia, Netherlands,
Australia, South America and the United States.

29
 Package tour

A package tour, package vacation, or package

holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known
as a tour operator. Other services may be provided such a rental car, activities or outings during the
holiday. Transport can be via charter airline to a foreign country, and may also include travel
between areas as part of the holiday. Package holidays are a form of product bundling.
Package holidays are organised by a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel agent. Some
travel agents are employees of tour operators, others are independent

30
 Political Tourism

Political tourism refers to journeys taken with political intent. Such trips involve traveling to the
areas of conflict to study the circumstances, understand the situations of both sides and develop
knowledge about local history. Some of the popular political tourism destinations are Israel,
Palestine and Africa.

31
 Recreational travel

Recreational travel is any type of travel undertaken for pleasure rather than for business, a family
event, or any other kind of obligation, involves travel for pleasure and recreation. Recreational
travel can involve any type of transport, destination, and accommodation.

32
 Religious Tourism

Religious tourism, also known as faith tourism refers to traveling individually or in groups to holy
sites. These sites are also visited by non-religious tourists who want to know the cultural, historical
and religious significance. Famous religious tourism destinations in the world are Shwedagon
Pagoda, Basilica of San Vitale, MECCA, Harmandir Sahib, Temple of Heaven, Bahá’í Gardens,
The Vatican, Wat Rong Khun, Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Paro Taktsang, Spanish Synagogue, and
Jerusalem

33
 River Cruise

River cruise is a voyage along inland waterways which has several port stops along the way.
Typically, travel time lasts longer than a week. Some of the world’s popular river cruise are River
Nile cruise, Amazon river cruise, Yangtze river cruise, Danube river cruise, Mekong river cruise,
Rhine river cruise, Volga river Cruise, Kerala backwaters cruise, Mississippi river cruise and
Douro cruise.

34
 Romance Tours

Romance tours are organized by tour operators where men go to countries to meet women for
either romance or marriage. These types of tour first took place in Russia and the CIA, but recently
moved to other parts of the world such as South America and Asia.

35
 Rural Tourism

Rural tourism occurs in rural environments and involves rural experience. Tourists visit these
places to understand the lifestyle of these people. Some of the popular rural tourism destinations
are Pielachtal, Dirndl, Durbuy, Sveti Martin na Muri, Troodos, Florina, Örség, Clonakilty District,
Specchia, Kuldiga, Theerthamalai and Nadur.

36
 Sacred travel

Sacred tourists engaged in a sacred journey are defined as “those who travel with the intention of
undertaking spiritual practices and/or of attaining a sacred state or spiritual growth”, involving
participation in both religious and nonreligious activities.

37
 Safari Holidays

Safari holidays involve watching wild animals in their natural habitat to observe and photograph
wildlife. It generates the most number of revenues in several African countries. Popular safari
destinations in the world are Victoria Falls, Serengeti National Park, Kruger National Park, Masai
Mara National Reserve, Ngorongoro Crater, Addor Elephant National Park, Tarangire National
Park, Amboseli National Park, Sabi Sands Game Reserve and Chobe National Park.

38
 Scenic route Tourism

A scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic byway

is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural
beauty.
Scenic drive tourism is related to panoramic routes and journeys through interesting and iconic
landscapes from a distance. While destinations have been habitually understood as places
to travel to and stay in, scenic routes are areas that tourists travel through, even though some
choose to stay for a night or more along a route.

39
 Science Tourism

Science tourism is visiting and exploring scientific landmarks such as museums, laboratories,
observatories and universities. It also includes viewing scientific events such as solar eclipse. Top
scientific tourism destinations in the world are The Long Now 10,000 Year Clock, Nevada’s Solar
System in Black Rock, Hobby-Eberly Telescope, Large Hadron Collider, Tesla’s laboratories,
Blood Falls, Antarctica’s Dry Valleys and SpaceX Research Facility.

40
 Self-Guided Tour

Self-guided tour or self-governing tour or solo trips is a type of tour where the traveler is
responsible for getting from point A to point B on their own. They travel based on information
such as maps, instructions and suggestions provided by tourist attractions. Some of the popular
types of self-guided tours are walking tours, cycling tours and cross-country skiing.

41
 Senior Tourism

Senior tourism aims at offering travel and touring exposure to a specific age group of tourists
those have retired from active employment and have a lot of leisure time in hand. The quality of
service provided by the tour operators is a very important criterion with close monitoring and
utmost care. Old age makes the senior tourists physically weak and vulnerable to weather
fluctuations, stress and other hardships of tour that the young people can withstand. Emphasis
should be more on medical assistance and other health care support enabling the senior citizens
enjoy the trip to their heart’s content full worth of money. 

42
 Set-Jetting

Set-jetting is the latest trend that involves traveling to destinations that are seen in movies. Visiting
stately homes like in the Jane Austin movies, touring London in high-speed boats like James Bond
are good examples. Top set-jetting destinations in the world are Breaking Bad (New Mexico),
Harry Potter (England) and The Wire (USA).

43
 Sex Tourism

Sex tourism is travel to a different locale for the sake of sexual activity, particularly
with prostitutes. The World Tourism Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations,
defines sex tourism as "trips organized from within the tourism sector, or from outside this sector
but using its structures and networks, with the primary purpose of effecting a commercial sexual
relationship by the tourist with residents at the destination“.
A number of countries have become popular destinations for sex tourism, including Brazil, Costa
Rica, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands
(particularly Amsterdam), Kenya, Colombia, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, Cuba, and
Indonesia.

44
 Slum Tourism

Slum tourism or ghetto tourism involves visiting impoverished areas. The purpose of this tourism
is to provide tourists a chance to see the ‘non-touristy’ areas of a country. Some of the top slum
tourism destinations in the world are South Africa, India, Brazil, Poland, Kenya, Philippines and
others.

45
 Space Tourism

Space tourism involves traveling into space for recreational purposes. Even though this sounds
futuristic, it has already established history. A Russian Space Agency has already facilitated
successful orbital space tourism. The different types of space tourism are orbital, suborbital and
lunar.

46
 Sports Tourism

Sports tourism involves either observing or participating in a sporting event. It is one of the
fastest-growing sectors and equates to $7.68 billion. Sports tourism is also classified into sports
event tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism and active sport tourism. Normally, tourists
are attracted to events such as the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, F1 Grand Prix, World
Tennis Championship, BWF World Championships and Cricket World Cup.

47
 Spring break Tourism

Spring break refers to a specific college vacation period typically observed in American and
Canadian universities during the early spring of every year (March or April). Classes are
suspended for a short period (usually 1 week). Many students take advantage of this opportunity to
travel to warmer climates to escape the cold weather and dreariness of schoolwork. A popular
vacation period with North American college students since the 1950s, spring break constitutes a
significant tourism flux, with hundreds of thousands of young adults traveling in a nonpeak time
of the year.

48
 Stag Party Tourism

Stag party tourism is participating in a bachelor party which is usually held in another country.
Some of the famous stag party tourism destinations are Central Europe and the Baltics,
Amsterdam, UK and Spain.

49
 Staycation

A staycation (a portmanteau of "stay" and "vacation"), or holistay (a portmanteau of "holiday" and

"stay"), is a period in which an individual or family stays home and participates in leisure
activities within day trip distance of their home and does not require overnight
accommodation. Common activities of a staycation include use of a backyard pool, visits to
local parks and museums, and attendance at local festivals and amusement parks. Some
staycationers also like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning ahead,
and avoiding routine, with the goal of creating the feel of a traditional vacation.

50
 Suicide tourism

Suicide tourism, or euthanasia tourism, is the practice of potential suicide candidates travelling to
a jurisdiction to commit assisted suicide or suicide. In some jurisdictions, assisted suicide is legal.

51
 Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism or responsible tourism involves traveling to a place in order to make a positive
impact on the environment, society and economy. It benefits everyone involved and not just one
half of the equation. The top sustainable tourism destinations in the world are the Republic of
Guyana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Portugal, Chumbe Island in Tanzania, Bardia National Park and
Ecuador’s Galapagos National Park.

52
 Three-Dimensional Virtual Tourism

3DVT or 3D virtual tourism allows travellers to explore a place without physically travelling via a
smartphone or computer. Such type of tours are created with 3D models and 2D panoramic
images, a sequence of hyperlinked still or video images, and image-based models of the real world
along with sound effects and text.

53
 Tolkien tourism

Tolkien tourism is a phenomenon of fans of The Lord of the Rings fictional universe travelling to
sites of film- and book-related significance. It is especially notable in New Zealand, site of the
movie trilogy by Peter Jackson, where it is credited as having raised the annual tourism numbers.

Is a classic example of Set-jetting tourism.

54
 Tombstone Tourist

Tombstone tourist is an individual who enjoys history of famous deaths, cemeteries, epitaphs and
gravestone rubbing. Such type of tourists are particularly interested in the historical aspect of such
places.

55
 Tourism geography

Tourism geography is the travel done in order to study travel and tourism, as an industry and as
a social and cultural activity. Tourism geography covers a wide range of interests including the
environmental impact of tourism, the geographies of tourism and leisure economies, answering
tourism industry and management concerns and the sociology of tourism and locations of tourism.
Tourism geography is that branch of human geography that deals with the study of travel and its
impact on places.

56
 Tribal Tourism

Tribal tourism is an interesting trip to a rather primitive world where you are exposed to a culture
quite different from your own. It is far less modern gadget based, but more dependent on the
nature and the surrounding environment in the rawest form. Here you get to know whether it fits
your mindset and how to plan for it factoring in necessary precautionary measures.

57
 Virtual tour

A virtual tour is a simulation of an existing location, usually composed of a sequence of videos or

still images. It may also use other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration,
and text. It is distinguished from the use of live television to affect tele-tourism.
The phrase "virtual tour" is often used to describe a variety of videos and photographic-based
media. Panorama indicates an unbroken view, since a panorama can be either a series of
photographs or panning video footage. However, the phrases "panoramic tour" and "virtual tour"
have mostly been associated with virtual tours created using still cameras. Such virtual tours are
made up of a number of shots taken from a single vantage point. The camera and lens are rotated
around what is referred to as a no parallax point (the exact point at the back of the lens where the
light converges).

58
 Visiting friends / relatives

Visiting friends and relatives (VFR tourism / VFR travel) is a substantial form of travel
worldwide. Scholarly interest into VFR travel developed in the mid 1990s after Jackson’s
(1990) seminal article suggested that this type of tourism was much larger than official estimates
suggested Most official data collections differentiate travel as being for either leisure, business, or
VFR purposes. In many destinations, VFR is the largest or second-largest form of travel by size.
Definitions have been traditionally lacking due to the complexities involved in understanding VFR
travel. VFR travellers can state a VFR purpose of visit but that does not necessarily mean that they
are staying with those friends / relatives. Similarly, they may be accommodated by friends /
relatives although have a different purpose of visit.

59
 Walking tour

A walking tour is a tour of a historical or cultural site undertaken on foot, frequently in an urban
setting. Short tours can last under an hour, while longer ones can take in multiple sites and last a
full day or more. A walk can be led by a tour guide, as an escort.

60
 War Tourism

War tourism involves travelling to war zones for sightseeing or historical study. Such types of
tourists get the thrill in travelling to dangerous and forbidden places. Some of the top war tourism
destinations in the world are Baghdad, Iraq; Damascus, Syria; Mogadishu, Somalia; Gaza,
Palestine, Kashmir, India; Jonglei and Upper Nile, South Sudan; Tripoli, Libya; Central African
Republic; Kabul, Afghanistan; and Yemen.

61
 Water Tourism

Water tourism or nautical tourism combines sailing and boating with vacation & holiday. When
people plan to travel on a vacation, many have a strong desire to head to the water. Some of the
popular water tourism destinations in the world are Rome, The Grand Canyon, Indonasia, New
York, Costa Rica, Cambodia, Peru, Mumbai, Turkey, Australia. and Netherlands.

62
 Wellness Tourism

Wellness tourism involves travelling to promote health via physical, psychological, or spiritual
activities. This should not be confused with medical tourism because wellness tourists travel to
maintain their health. The top wellness tourism destinations in the world are India, Spain,
Singapore, Malaysia, California, Bali, Italy and Hawaii.

63
 Whale Watching

Whale watching involves observing whales and dolphins in their natural habitat. Tourists visit
such places for scientific and educational purposes. The top whale watching places in the world
are Seattle, USA; Kaikoura, New Zealand; Maui, Hawaii; Hermanus, South Africa; Big Sur,
California; Galle, Sri Lanka; Husavik, Iceland; Los Cabos, Mexico; Quebec, Canada; and The
Azores, Portugal.

64
65