Chief Mates

CARGO WORK AND PORT

OPERATIONS

Tank Capacities
HND Unit 10

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 1

 Types of Tanker Calculations
• Determining the stopping ullage, loading
– Taking into account oil in shore pipe
• Determining weight of oil to load
– To fill tank 98% full. (2% expansion)
• Determining loading ullage
– Accounting for expansion due to temp change

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 2

 Remember
• Weight = Volume x Density [W=V.D.]
• Volume expands with temp increase
• Volume increase due to temp increase does
not increase weight
• Ullage = distance from tank top to cargo
surface
• Ullage = Depth of Tank – Height of oil
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 3
 Remember
• Volume of a pipe =  r 2 L
• Pi = 3.142….
• r = radius
• L = length of the pipe

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 4

 Remember

• Standard temperature
– Temp at which RD is usually given {15oC}
• RD correction factor
– Change in RD for every 1o change in temp
– As liquid will expand with rise in
temperature RD reduced as temp rises
– As liquid will contract with temperature fall
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 5
RD increased as temp falls
 Chief Mates (Blue booklet)
Classwork Example 1
TOPPING OFF
Tanker loading crude in last tank
Tank: 25m x 15m
Proposed ullage 0.2m
Oil pipeline 500m x 0.5m dia
At what ullage should the shore
valve be shut

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 6

 Chief Mates (Blue booklet)
Classwork Example 1
•TOPPING OFF
•Tanker loading crude in last tank
•Tank top:
25m x 15m
•Proposed ullage
0.2m
•Area of tank top =
25 x 15m = 375m2
•Volume to keep clear = ullage x area
0.2m x 375m2 = 75m3
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 7
 Chief Mates (Blue booklet)
Classwork Example 1
TOPPING OFF
At what ullage should the shore
valve be shut
Oil pipeline 500m x 0.5m dia
Lx  r2
500m x 3.142 x 0.25 x 0.25 =
98.2m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 8

 Chief Mates (Blue booklet)
Classwork Example 1
TOPPING OFF
At what ullage should the shore
valve be shut
Oil pipeline = 98.17m3
15,  25, = 0.262m
Ullage to keep clear = 0.2m
= 0.462m

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 9

 Chief Mates (Blue booklet)
Classwork Example 2
• #1 = 316.65t
• Vessel DWT 2500t • #5 = 416.65
• Stores, fuel 240t • Divide both by RD .93
• Cargo 2260t • #1 = 340.5m3
• 5 tanks, 16 x 6 x 6m • #5 = 448 m3
• Vol #2 #3 #4
 (16 x 6) [L x B]
• Soundings Ullage
16 x 6 x 5.7m x 0.93=
• #1 3.54 2.46
508.9t x 3 =
• #5 4.67 1.33
1526.7t~ 2260t = 733.3t
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 10
 TANK CAPACITIES

Coaming is 4m x 4m x 0.4m

Coaming

Deep Tank capacity 1000 SWt

Tank top area 15m x 10m

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 11

 Question
• How much oil can I load?
• Oil has RD of 0.86
• Allow 5% for expansion
• Min ullage must be 0.1m
• What will loading Ullage be?
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 12
 Calculation of Tank Volume
• Volume in tank available for cargo =
SW Capacity  RD SW – Ullage loss
(1000 tonnes  1.025) – (4m x 4m x 0.1)
975.6 m3 – 1.6 m3

• Volume in tank = 974 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 13
 Volume available in tank

Ullage 0.1m

Available Volume 974 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 14

 Expansion
• 5% allowance has to be made for expansion

• This is 5% of the total cargo not 5% of the

available space therefore:
• Space available = 105% of cargo to load

 974 m3  105% = Cargo capacity

»927.6 m3
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 15
 Volume available in tank

Expansion 5% Ullage 0.1m

Available Volume 927.6 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 16

 Calculation of cargo tonnage
• RD oil 0.86
• Space available (allowing for
expansion & required ullage) 927.6m3

• 927.6 x 0.86 = Tonnage of oil to load

797.75 tonnes
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 17
 Loading Ullage
• We know that min ullage is 0.1m
• Loss of cargo space due to expansion
= Volume available after allowing for
min ullage – Volume after allowing
for expansion
974 m3 - 927.6 m3 = 46.4m3
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 18
 Volume available in tank

Expansion 5% Ullage 0.1m

Ullage required Minimum

Available Volume 927.6 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 19

 Loading Ullage
Coming 4m x 4m x 0.3m = 4.8m3 ~ 46.4m3 = 41.6m3
41.6m3 is the vol of space in the tank head.

Surface area of tank = L x B = 10 x 15 = 150m2

41.6m3  150m2 = Ullage from tank top = 0.2733 m

Coming ullage 0.4 + 0.2733 = 0.6733

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 20
 Coming

MINIMUM ULLAGE SPACE 0.1m

Loading
Ullage
0.3m
0.67m
ROOM FOR EXPANSION
0.27m
TANK

OIL CARGO

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 21

 Test Question 1
• How much oil can I load in 1200 SWt tank.
• Coming 5x4x1m
• Oil has RD of 0.88
• Allow 4% for expansion
• Min ullage must be 0.1m
• What will loading Ullage be?

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 22

 TANK CAPACITIES

Coming is 5m x 4m x 1m

Coming

Deep Tank capacity 1200 SWt

Tank top area 15m x 10m

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 23

 Calculation of Tank Volume
• Volume in tank =
SW Capacity  RD SW – Ullage loss
(1200 tonnes  1.025) – (5m x 4m x 0.1)
1170.73 m3 – 2 m3

• Volume in tank = 1168.73 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 24
 Volume available in tank

Ullage 0.1m

Available Volume 1168.73 m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 25

 Expansion
• 4% allowance has to be made for expansion

• This is 4% of the total cargo not 4% of the

available space therefore:
• Space available = 104% of cargo to load

 1168.73 m3  104% = Cargo capacity

1123.78 m3
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 26
 Volume available in tank

Expansion 4% Ullage 0.1m

Available Volume 1123.78m3

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 27

 Calculation of cargo tonnage
• RD oil 0.88
• Space available (allowing for expansion &
required ullage) 1123.78m3

• 1123.78 x 0.88 = Tonnage of oil to load

988.93 tonnes
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 28
 Loading Ullage
• We know that min ullage is 0.1m
• Loss of cargo space due to expansion
= Volume available after allowing for
min ullage – Volume after allowing
for expansion
1168.73 m3 - 1123.78 m3 = 44.95m3
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 29
 Coming 5m x 4m x 0.9m = 18m3
18m3 ~ 44.95m3 = 26.95m3
26.95m3 is the vol of space in the tank Hd.
Surface area of tank = 10 x 15 = 150m2
Ullage from tank top
26.95m3 150m2 = 0.18 m
Coming ullage 1.0m + 0.18 = 1.18m
01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 30
 MINIMUM ULLAGE SPACE 0.1m

Loading
COMING
0.9m Ullage
1.18m
ROOM FOR EXPANSION
0.18m
TANK
OIL CARGO

01/18/22 Tank Capacity/tbr/Class ll/l 31