Ch02 - Statics of Particles - Part 2

VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:
2
CHAPTER
STATICS
Statics of Particles
This lecture is based on the instructor-resources supplied by McGraw-Hill

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Rectangular Components of a Force: Unit Vectors
• It’s possible to resolve a force vector into perpendicular
components so that the resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. are referred to as rectangular
vector components and
• Define perpendicular unit vectors which are

parallel to the x and y axes.
• Vector components may be expressed as products of

the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of the
vector components.
Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of
2-2
Addition of Forces by Summing X and Y Components
• To find the resultant of 3 (or more) concurrent
forces,
• Resolve each force into rectangular components,

then add the components in each direction:
• The scalar components of the resultant vector

are equal to the sum of the corresponding scalar
components of the given forces.
• To find the resultant magnitude and direction,
2-3
Sample Problem 2.3
2-4
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the resultant of the force on the bolt.
2-5
MODELING: ANALYSIS:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
• Determine the components of the resultant by

adding the corresponding force components.
• Calculate the magnitude and direction.
2-6
Equilibrium of a Particle
2-7
• When the resultant of all forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle is
in equilibrium.
• Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle will
remain at rest or will continue at constant speed in a straight line.
• Particle acted upon by

two forces:
- equal magnitude
- same line of action
- opposite sense
2-8
• Particle acted upon by three or more forces:

- graphical solution yields a closed polygon
- algebraic solution
2-9
Free Body Diagram
2 - 10
Space Diagram: A sketch showing Free Body Diagram: A sketch showing

the physical conditions of the only the forces on the selected particle.
problem, usually provided with This must be created by you.
the problem statement, or
represented by the actual
physical situation.
2 - 11
Sample Problem 2.4
2 - 12
In a ship-unloading operation, a 3500-lb automobile is supported by a cable. A

rope is tied to the cable and pulled to center the automobile over its intended
position. What is the tension in the rope?
2 - 13
Law of Sines:
2 - 14
Sample Problem 2.6
2 - 15
It is desired to determine the drag force at a given speed on a prototype sailboat hull.
A model is placed in a test channel and three cables are used to align its bow on the
channel centerline. For a given speed, the tension is 40 lb in cable AB and 60 lb in
cable AE.
Determine the drag force exerted on the hull and the tension in cable AC.
2 - 16
Sample Problem 2.6
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
• The correct free body diagram is shown
and the unknown angles are:
• In vector form, the equilibrium

condition requires that the resultant
force (or the sum of all forces) be zero:
• Write each force vector above in

component form.
2 - 17
Sample Problem 2.6
• Resolve the vector equilibrium equation into
two component equations. Solve for the two
unknown cable tensions.
2 - 18
Sample Problem 2.6
This equation is satisfied only if each component

of the resultant is equal to zero
REFLECT and THINK: In

drawing the free-body diagram,
you assumed a sense for each
unknown force. A positive sign in
the answer indicates that the
assumed sense is correct. You can
draw the complete force polygon
(above) to check the results.
2 - 19
Expressing a Vector in 3-D Space
If angles with some of the axes are given:
• The vector is • Resolve into • Resolve into

contained in the horizontal and vertical rectangular components
plane OBAC. components.
2 - 20
If the direction cosines are given:
• With the angles between and the axes,
• is a unit vector along the line of action of

and are the direction cosines for
2 - 21
If two points on the line of action are given:
Direction of the force is defined by

the location of two points,
2 - 22
Sample Problem 2.7
2 - 23
Sample Problem 2.7
STRATEGY:
• Based on the relative locations of the
points A and B, determine the unit
vector pointing from A towards B.
• Apply the unit vector to determine the

components of the force acting on A.
• Noting that the components of the unit

vector are the direction cosines for the
The tension in the wire is 2500 N. vector, calculate the corresponding
Determine: angles.
a) components Fx, Fy, Fz of the force
acting on the bolt at A,
b) the angles qx, qy, qz defining the
direction of the force (the direction
cosines)
2 - 24
Sample Problem 2.7
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
• Determine the unit vector pointing from A
towards B.
• Determine the components of the force.
2 - 25
Sample Problem 2.7
• Noting that the components of the unit vector are
the direction cosines for the vector, calculate the
corresponding angles.
2 - 26
What if…?
FBA • Since the force in the guy wire must be

the same throughout its length, the force
at B (and acting toward A) must be the
same magnitude but opposite in
FAB direction to the force at A.
What are the components of the

force in the wire at point B?
REFLECT and THINK: It makes sense
that, for a given geometry, only a certain set
of components and angles characterize a
given resultant force. The methods in this
section allow you to translate back and forth
between forces and geometry.
2 - 27

Ch02 - Statics of Particles - Part 2

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VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

This lecture is based on the instructor-resources supplied by McGraw-Hill

• Define perpendicular unit vectors which are

• Vector components may be expressed as products of

Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of

• Resolve each force into rectangular components,

• The scalar components of the resultant vector

• To find the resultant magnitude and direction,

Sample Problem 2.3

• Determine the components of the resultant by

• Particle acted upon by

• Particle acted upon by three or more forces:

Free Body Diagram

Space Diagram: A sketch showing Free Body Diagram: A sketch showing

Sample Problem 2.4

In a ship-unloading operation, a 3500-lb automobile is supported by a cable. A

Sample Problem 2.6

• In vector form, the equilibrium

• Write each force vector above in

This equation is satisfied only if each component

REFLECT and THINK: In

• The vector is • Resolve into • Resolve into

• With the angles between and the axes,

• is a unit vector along the line of action of

Direction of the force is defined by

Sample Problem 2.7

• Apply the unit vector to determine the

• Noting that the components of the unit

• Determine the components of the force.

FBA • Since the force in the guy wire must be

What are the components of the

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