PHYSICAL EDUCATION

MADE BY : ARYAN CHAUDHARY

CLASS : XI-A
 HUMAN SKELETON

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human

body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total
decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some
bones get fused together.[1] The bone mass in the skeleton
makes up about 14% of the total body weight (ca. 10–11 kg
for an average person) and reaches maximum density
around age 21.
 PARTS OF HUMAN SKELETON
THE HUMAN SKELETON CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
THE AXIAL SKELETON AND THE APPENDICULAR
SKELETON. THE AXIAL SKELETON IS FORMED
BY THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN, THE RIB CAGE,
THE SKULL AND OTHER ASSOCIATED BONES.
THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON, WHICH IS
ATTACHED TO THE AXIAL SKELETON, IS
FORMED BY THE SHOULDER GIRDLE, THE
PELVIC GIRDLE AND THE BONES OF THE UPPER
AND LOWER LIMBS.
 FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN SKELETON

THE HUMAN SKELETON PERFORMS SIX MAJOR FUNCTIONS:-

 SUPPORT
 MOVEMENT
 PROTECTION
 PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS
 STORAGE OF MINERALS
 ENDOCRINE REGULATION
 0

TYPE OF HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM

 AXIAL SYSTEM
 APPENDICULAR SYSTEM
 AXIAL SKELETON

THE AXIAL SKELETON IS THE PART OF THE SKELETON

THAT CONSISTS OF THE BONES OF THE SKULL SPINAL
COLUMN AND THORAX. IN THE HUMAN SKELETON, IT
CONSISTS OF 80 BONES AND IS COMPOSED OF SIX PARTS;
THE SKULL (22 BONES), ALSO THE OSSICLES OF THE
MIDDLE EAR, THE HYOID BONE, THE RIB CAGE (24
BONES) STERNUM AND THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN (33
BONES). THE AXIAL SKELETON TOGETHER WITH THE
APPENDICULAR SKELETON FORM THE COMPLETE
SKELETON. ANOTHER DEFINITION OF AXIAL SKELETON
IS THE BONES INCLUDING THE VERTEBRAE, SACRUM,
COCCYX, SKULL, RIBS, AND STERNUM.
 APPENDICULAR SYSTEM

THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON IS THE PORTION OF THE SKELETON OF

VERTEBRATES CONSISTING OF THE BONES THAT SUPPORT THE
APPENDAGES. THERE ARE 126 BONES. THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
INCLUDES THE SKELETAL ELEMENTS WITHIN THE LIMBS, AS WELL AS
SUPPORTING SHOULDER GIRDLE AND PELVIC GIRDLE. THE WORD
APPENDICULAR IS THE ADJECTIVE OF THE NOUN APPENDAGE, WHICH
ITSELF MEANS A PART THAT IS JOINED TO SOMETHING LARGER. THE
ORGANIZATION OF THE APPENDICULAR SYSTEM.OF THE 206 BONES IN
THE HUMAN SKELETON, THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON COMPRISES
126. FUNCTIONALLY IT IS INVOLVED IN LOCOMOTION (LOWER LIMBS)
OF THE AXIAL SKELETON AND MANIPULATION OF OBJECTS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT (UPPER LIMBS).THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON FORMS
DURING DEVELOPMENT FROM CARTILAGE, BY THE PROCESS OF
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION.
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE AND FORMATION OF BONES, THERE ARE VARIOUS

TYPES OF BONES, WHICH ARE:
 LONG BONES
 SHORT BONES
 FLAT BONES
 IRREGULAR BONES
 SESAMOID BONES
 JOINTS OF BONES

A JOINT OR AN ARTICULATION IS THE UNION OF ONLY TWO OR

MORE BONES OF THE SKELETON. THE STUDY OF JOINTS IS
CALLED ARTHOLOGY. IN FACT, ARTICULATING SURFACES OF THE
BONE ARE SOMETIMES SEPARATED BY A THIN MEMBRANE,
SOMETIMES BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE, OR FIBRO CARTILAGE AND,
IN THE FREELY MOVING JOINTS , THESE ARE COMPLETELY
SEPARATED.
 Classification of joints

 IMMOVABLE JOINTS OR SYNARTHROSES JOINT: THESE JOINTS ARE FIXED AND DO

NOT MOVE.
 SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTS OR AMPHARTHROSES JOINTS: IN THESE JOINTS,
SURFACES OF BONES ARE SEPARATED BY SOME INTERVENING SUBSTANCE AND
ONLY SLIGHTLY MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE.
 FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS OR DIARTHROSES JOINTS: THESE JOINTS INCLUDE
MOST OF THE JOINTS OF THE BODY THAT ARE FREELY MOVABLE.
 THANK YOU
FOR WATCHING MY PRESENTATION
BY: ARYAN CHAUDHARY