PROBABILITY

Notes
Example
Sample problems
DEFINITIONS
• Probability is the measure of how likely something will occur.
• It is the ratio of desire outcomes to total outcomes.
[desired/total]
• Probabilities of all outcomes sums to 1.
EXAMPLES
• If I roll a number cube there are six total possibilities .(1,2,3,4,5,6)
• Each possibility only has one outcome, so each has a probability of 1/6.
• For instance , the probability of getting 2 is 1/6 because there is only a single 2 on the
cube
QUESTION
Question 1. if I flip a coin what is the probability I get heads and probability I gets tails?
Ans-P(heads)=1/2
P(tails)=1/2
Sum of both probabilities are 1 .
TWO OR MORE EVENTS
• If there are two or more events you need to consider if it is happening at the same time
or one after the other.
AND
• If the two events are happening at the same time you need to multiply the two
probabilities together.
• usually the questions use the word ‘and’ when describing the outcomes.
OR
• If the two events are happening one after the other you need to add the two
probabilities.
• Usually, the questions use the word 'or’ when describing the outcomes.
QUESTION
Question 2. if I roll a number cube and flip a coin:
What is the probability I will get a heads and a 6?
What is the probability I will get a tails or a 3?
Ans:-P(heads and 6)=1/2X1/6=1/12
P(tails or a 3)=1/2+1/6=8/12=2/3
EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY
• An experimental probability is one that happens as the result of an experiment.
• [outcomes/trials]
• The probabilities we have done so far are theoretical probabilities because there was no
experiment.
VOCABULARY
• Experiment- an activity involving chance that can have different outcomes.
• Outcomes- the result of the experiment.
• Sample space- all the possible results of the experiment.
IDENTIFYING SAMPLE SPACE AND
OUTCOMES
Sample space – heads , tails
Outcomes-heads
IDENTIFYING SAMPLE AND
OUTCOMES
Sample space-1,2,3,4,5,6
Outcome-6
FINDING EXPERIMENTAL
PROBABILITY
P(event)=(no. of times event occurred/no. of total trails)
QUESTION
Question 3 . Nikki flipped a coin 30 times and wanted to find the probability of heads?
Frequency chart is given:-
Ans-P(heads)=18/20 or 3/5 heads tails
18 12
COMPARING EXPERIMENTAL
PROBABILITY
Question 4. is the probability higher for the coin landing on heads or tails?
Ans- P(heads)=18/30 or 3/5 heads tails
p(tails)=12/30 or 2/5 18 12
3/5>2/5 so the probability of landing on heads is higher than that of tails.
THANK YOU
Name – Arnav vashist
Class- XII-A
Roll No.- 7