Design Fundamentals: Semester - II Foundation Program

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Design
Fundamentals
Semester –II
Foundation Program
Composed By- Pramod Kumar, Associate Professor & CC-FP

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Subject Aim
 To understand basics of Design.
 To develop a sense of composition by applying elements and principles of

Design.
 To achieve the ability of creation by representing the concepts in physical

or virtual space.
Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Design
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Design -
Any sensible creativity done for some specific purpose is called the design.
“A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a

building, garment, or other object before it is built or made.”
“Realization of a concept or idea into configuration, drawing, model,

mould, pattern , plan or specification (on which the actual
or commercial production of an item is based) and which helps achieve
the item's designated objectives.”
“ Design is Composed
the thought process comprising the creation of an entity."
by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP
Design and Nature
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Designers and creative people use nature as an infinite source of ideas
for their inventions and products designs. Everyday, we interact with
products whose shape or principle function is inspired by the world
around us.

Design and Nature
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Design and Nature
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Design Inspired from Nature
Zebra Crossing

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The Bauhaus Design
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21 The Bauhaus Philosophy
• Exploring design in new directions
• Cutting down on unnecessary ornamentation.
• Making design a part of the entire production process.

• Keeping it minimal was the whole point- No excessive use of resources could
be afforded.
• Art shouldn't be valued for just aesthetic.

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Elements of Design
The elements are components or parts which can be isolated
and defined in any visual design or work of art. They are the
structure of the work, and can carry a wide variety of messages.
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Design a permutation & combination of the elements
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 Points
 Lines
 Shapes
 Forms
 Colors
 Texture
 Space

Point / Dot
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Dot or Point is a small circle where the radius is Zero or

negligible in size

32 Additional qualities of point
 One dimensional
 Point on a surface
 Points are grouped to form an image

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Point
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Line
Line refers to an elongated mark that connects two or more
points. Line encloses and divides space, creating shapes and
forms.

38 Effects of line
 Can create optical illusions.
C
 Can Give messages
D

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41 Lines can be:
Varieties of line • thick
• thin
• flowing
• jagged
• spiral
• vertical
• horizontal
• diagonal
• curved
• solid
• dashed.

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Message
Formal, strong, dignified, stiff, business-like, stately, conservative,
majestic, efficient.
Illusion
Increases, emphasizes, reinforces length, height, narrowness, thinness–
slimming, counters horizontal lines
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Message
Restful, stable, calm, relaxed, casual, quiet, serene, in repose, lethargic
Illusion
Increases, emphasizes, reinforces width, bulk, shortness, counters vertical
lines, when placed high appears taller, when placed low appears shorter
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Message
Active, movement, instability, excitement, interesting, dramatic, restless,
sophisticated, in motion, vitality
Illusion
Increases, emphasizes, reinforces the direction of the dominant angle,
counters vertical and horizontal lines Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP
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Line can Communicate
Line can suggest:
• Emotions
• Feelings
• Ideas.

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64 Example of SHAPE
Rectangle
Different Shapes: Square
Half-circle
Circle

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69 Form
www.getty.edu
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Color

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Monochromatic color schemes
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125 BALANCE
 A sense of equilibrium.
 When establishing balance consider visual weight created by size,
color, texture and number of objects.

TYPES OF BALANCE
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 SYMMETRICAL  ASYMMETRICA
 Achieved by L
placing identical  Achieved by
objects on either placing different
side of a central objects of equal
point. visual weight on
either side of a
central point.

Symmetrical Balance
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SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
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 Creates a quiet, restful feeling.

 Suggests restraint, orderliness,
formality.
 Also called, FORMAL balance.

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Asymmetrical Balance
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 Creates more interesting

arrangements.
 Suggests informality, relaxed.
 Also referred to as
INFORMAL balance.

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134 Radial Balance
 Radial Balance involves having furnishings or patterns arranged
in a circular manner.
 Radiation creates a sweeping, dramatic, circular motion in a

room.

Radial Balance
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Radial Balance
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137 RHYTHM
 Leads the eye from one point to another, creates motion.

138 TYPES OF RHYTHM
 Rhythm by Repetition
 Rhythm by Gradation
 Rhythm by Radiation
 Rhythm by Opposition
 Rhythm by Transition

Rhythm By Repetition
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 Rhythm created by
duplicating (repeating)
shapes, colors, pattern, line,
texture.
 Beams in the ceiling are

repeated. Window panes,
repeat. Stripes on ottoman
and chair are repeated.

Rhythm By Repetition
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Rhythm By Gradation
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 Rhythm created by a
gradual change in size or
color.
 Paint on wall changes

gradually in value.

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Rhythm by Radiation

Rhythm by Opposition
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Rhythm by Transition
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Emphasis
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Emphasis

Contrast
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Movement
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Unity
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Multi-Sensory Experience - Five Senses Theory
Jinsop Lee, an industrial designer, believed that great design appeals to all
five senses. He called this, the Five Senses Theory. According to him, one
can grade any experience on all five senses. For e.g, you can grade eating
noodles on sight, smell, touch, taste and sound. Similarly, you can grade
your biking experience. Jinsop graded himself on a bunch of adventure
experiences like bungee jumping, playing games on two different consoles
and others.

This Five Senses theory can be applied to User Experience Testing too.
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Users can be asked to review the applications under test and map them on
a scale of 1-10 on all five senses. The broader the area covered, the better
the experience. Further, this theory can be customized to rate the
applications at features level or flow level.

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1

Composed By- Pramod Kumar, Associate Professor & CC-FP

 To understand basics of Design.

 To develop a sense of composition by applying elements and principles of

 To achieve the ability of creation by representing the concepts in physical

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

“A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a

“Realization of a concept or idea into configuration, drawing, model,

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

• Exploring design in new directions

• Cutting down on unnecessary ornamentation.

• Making design a part of the entire production process.

• Art shouldn't be valued for just aesthetic.

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Dot or Point is a small circle where the radius is Zero or

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

 Points are grouped to form an image

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

 Can create optical illusions.

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Restful, stable, calm, relaxed, casual, quiet, serene, in repose, lethargic

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP

Composed by Pramod Kumar, Assoc. Prof. & CC-FP