TARGET YOUR Be able to be well-prepared for

GRAMMAR your writing essay

 ARTICLES: A/ AN & THE
A/ AN THE
1) A + before the words with consonants Example:
(b, c, d, f, etc.)
A: I bought a CD player and TV yesterday?
Ex: a doctor a big car
B: Was the CD player expensive?
We also use ‘a’ before ‘u’ when it
sounds like the word ‘you’ and before
‘eu’: We usually use ‘a/an’ to talk about a thing or
Ex: a university a European city person for the first time.

2) An + before words with vowels (a, e, u, We use ‘the’ when we talk about the thing or
i, u) person again.

Ex: an apple an interesting film

We also use ‘an’ before silent ‘h’
Ex: an hour
 ARTICLES: A/ AN & THE
A/ AN
1) Talking about people’s jobs:
Ex: He is a doctor.
2) Describing things or people:
Ex: I have a beautiful house.
I think it is an interesting idea.
3) Using before hundred/ thousand/ million (*)
Ex: a hundred people = 100 people
a thousand days
*Thousands (of…) can be used if there is no
number or quantity before it.
Thousands of jobs rely on this industry.
Thousands of days =
THE
1. When we are mentioning again a thing or
person:
Ex: Jean is reading a book. She close the book.
(the book she is reading)
I must go to the bank. (= the bank where I keep
my money).
2. We use the when there is only one of
something:
Ex: May I turn on the TV? (there is only one
TV in the room)
Where’s Mary? She’s in the kitchen. (There
is only one kitchen in the house)
 ARTICLES: THE
1. We use with the singular and plural forms:
Ex: The book is interesting.
The books are interesting.
2. We can use the with uncountable nouns (e.g. food, water, music, etc.).
Ex: The water is in the fridge. (not A water is in the fridge.)

3. We use the with some special nouns: the center/ the city/ the airport/ the government/ the
environment/ the country(side)/ the ozone layer/The President/ the weather/ the sky/ the downtown.
Ex: The government in my country should raise people’s awareness of reducing pollution.

4. Talking about inventions (phát minh):

Ex: The Internet is one of the most important creation of our lives.
The computer will play an increasing role in all of our lives.
 APPLES OR THE APPLES?
Ø THE
1. We do not use THE when we talk about
general meaning.
Ex: I do not know how to use computers. (= all
computers, computers in general)
I do not like apples. (= any apples).
2. We do not use THE before names of languages,
meal, the names of cities, countries(*) or streets.
Ex: Many people are learning English because….
She lives in Vietnam.
(*) the USA, the United Kingdom, the Philippines,
the emery
1. We use THE when we talk about specific
meaning.
Ex: The expensive computers crashed at work
today. (=the specific computers at my
workplace).
The apples you give me were nice.
2. Some specific group of people: the elderly, the
youth.
Ex: The youth are usually keen to travel.
 SOME COMMON FAMILY WORDS

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Ability  abilities Able
Ex: Students be able to:
must demonstrate the Ex: You must be able to
ability to understand simple speak French for this job.
texts.
Academy academies: học Academic: có tính học thuật
viện
Access [uncountable]: Access: truy cập vào… Accessible: có thể truy cập
quyền truy cập/ lối đi Ex: Most people use their vào
Accessibility: dễ truy cập phones to access the
Ex: Data accessibility and Internet.
reliability are essential
factors in today's business
world.
Accommodation  Accommodate: chứa được/ accommodating
accommodations: chỗ ở điểu chỉnh
(nhà riêng, chung cư)
achievement achieve achievable
Adaptability Adapt Adaptable
adaptation Ex: Some animals have a
 SOME COMMON FAMILY WORDS

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Adult  adults
adulthood

Affect /əˈfekt/ Affective affectively

Affected
Ex: Don't worry about the
rule changes—you're not
affected.

allocation allocate

Alternative (= option) Alternative [only before

Ex: The car is too expensive noun]
so we're trying to find a Ex: The road was closed so
cheaper alternative. we had to find
alternative fuel (uncount an alternative route.
N.)
alternative energy
(uncount N.)
 SOME COMMON FAMILY WORDS
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
Analysis  [uncountable, Analyse (analyze) analytical
countable] 
plural analyses
annual annually
Ex: Our total annual
costs have declined.
Approach Approach Approachable
• approach to something: • Move near: We could • friendly and easy to talk
We need to adopt a hear the train to; easy to understand:
new approach to the approaching. Despite being a big star,
problem. she's very approachable.
•  approach for • offer/ask: We have been • [not usually before
something: a variety of approached by a noun] that can be
approaches for the number of companies reached by a particular
treatment of depression that are interested in our route or from a particular
product. direction The summit
was approachable only
from the south.
 SOME COMMON FAMILY WORDS

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Awareness [uncountable, Aware
singular] We're just making the
• awareness of public aware of the issue.
something an awareness
of the importance of
eating a healthy diet
• to raise/heighten/
increase public awarenes
s of something
• a greater/a growing/an
increasing awareness of
something
benefit [countable,
uncountable]
• The industry will be one
of the first to enjoy the
benefits of the recovery.
benefit for
somebody/something The
project will have major
benefits for the local
community.
Most people like tea. Most of +
a/an/the/this/that/these/those/my/his... + N =
hầu hết
Most of my friends live in HCMC.
She has eaten most of the cake.