WIN-WIN AGREEMENT

 Ensure that you sign in using your Full Name, GS-ID and Section for your
Zoom block and type present in the chat box as soon as you enter.
 Turn on your video and observe a proper dress code.
 Keep your journal, workbook , text book and stationary with you and take
notes.
 Students not following norms of behavior will be removed from the
session
 Once removed, you can not re-enter the class.
 Students are not followed to enter 10 minutes after the start of the block.
 Queries can be shared on the chat box by using pickers like raising hands,
typing or thumbs and after the session on the Google Classroom.
 If the teacher wants , she can unmute any students for sharing a response.
Cambridge Lower Secondary
Science 0893

Force and Energy

Page : 62 - 70 from Cambridge Lower Secondary Science - Learner's Book 8
Pages are uploaded on GCR

Date : 16-08-21 to 20-08-21

 Today`s End in Mind
Learners will be able to learn about :
 Motion & Force
 Types of forces & their examples
 Calculation of Resultant force
 Concept of Balanced & unbalanced force
 Mind buster
 Video watch
 Effects of balanced & unbalanced forces on
motion
 understand common misconceptions about forces
 Let’s assess our learning!
• https://wheelofnames.com/
 What is Motion

• Motion : changing in position of an object with

respect to time
 What is Force

• Force : A push/ a pull/ twisting an object

 Forces & Motion
• What is the unit of force? newton - N

• How are forces shown on diagrams?

the name, size (magnitude with Unit) and direction

Gravitational force , 10N

• Identify magnitude/size , unit and direction

inMagnitude
10 N : 10
Unit : N
Direction :
 Forces & Motion
• Identify the instrument.

force meter / newton meter/ spring balance

 Forces & Motion
• One or more forces always act on any object
on Earth. Is this true?
True – For example : gravity, upthrust, friction, air resistance and water resistance

• Identify the pair of forces acting in the below

diagram.

Friction Force Forward Force

Key Point – Forces always act in pair.

 Forces & Motion
• Identify the pair of forces acting in the below
diagram.

Forward Force Friction Force

 Mind buster- Forces & Motion
2 minutes, Reply in the chat box

force meter / newton meter/ spring balance

1. measure forces with a .................. centre
2. gravity on Earth is a force that pulls towards the .............. of the Earth
3. friction is a force created between surfaces when they move against True
each other and it makes this movement harder. True/ False
4. air particles cause resistance which opposesdirection the movement of an True
object and that in a vacuum there is no air resistance. True/ False
5. force diagrams show the name, size and ................ of forces acting on
an object True
6. there are different types of force (including gravity, upthrust, friction,
airFalse
resistance
– Forcesand
act inwater
pair. resistance) True/ False
7. anWhen
objectanhas
object is atone
only rest,force acting upon it, when at rest True/ False .
two forces act on it. Its weight
And normal reaction force.
 Types of Force

Contact Force Non-Contact Force

Forces comes in to action when When forces act from a distance.

surfaces are in contact.
Examples:
Examples:
1. Air resistance 1. Gravitational Force
2. Friction 2. Magnetic Force
3. Water resistance 3. Electrostatic Force
 Forces acting on an object

• Forces always acts in pair

• Forward force or thrust

• Air resistance/friction/drag
• Weight/gravity
• Normal/reactive force
 Forces & Motion
• Identify the force. Normal reaction force ,
Contact force

Gravitational force , Non-

Contact force, direction
downwards

Air resistance, Contact Friction force, Contact Gravitational force , Non-

force force Contact force, direction
downwards
 Forces & Motion
• Identify the force.

Electrostatic Force force , Non-Contact force

 Video Watch
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8Q1tw_QWy-8
 Balanced Force
Forces acting on an object are balanced if the sizes of the forces are
equal and they are in opposite directions.
- In such case the object is at rest or moving with constant speed.

F1 F1 F2

F2
 Unbalanced Force
Forces acting on an object are unbalanced if the sizes are not equal or if
the directions are not opposite

- In such case the object may change its speed, position, shape, state
(rest/motion) or direction it is moving in.

F1 F2
 Resultant Force (RF)
• It is the total/net force acting on an object.

Or

• It is the sum of all the forces acting on an object.

It is represented by RF.
 Forces & Motion
• Identify Forces as balanced or unbalanced.

Balanced force as Resultant

Force equals
0N
Unbalanced force as
Resultant Force not equals
0N

Resultant Force - (R )/ Net Force Fnet

F

It is the total force/net force/Sum of all forces acting on an object.

Mind Teaser – Force Diagram
1. What is a force diagram?
Forces can be shown in a force diagrams. In a force diagram, the arrows show the
size (magnitude and unit) and direction of each force. The longer/thicker the
arrow, the bigger the force.

Note : when you draw a force diagram with balanced forces, make sure the arrows are
the same length and point in opposite directions.
Think & Share - Balanced or unbalanced?
1. Identify the motion of the rock.
Object is at Rest

2. How many forces acting on it?

Normal Reaction Force and Gravity
The force of gravity is pulling it toward the centre of the Earth. This force is called
its weight.
The rock does not move toward the centre of the Earth because the ground is
pushing up on the rock. This force is the contact force and its called normal
reaction force.

3. Draw the force diagram

when the rock is at rest.
Think & Share - Balanced or unbalanced?

1. Are these forces balanced/unbalanced?

These two forces are balanced.
Balanced forces means the forces are equal in size and opposite in direction.
Think & Share - effects of balanced forces on motion
1. Imagine the wind is blowing. The wind will push the rock
from one side but the rock does not move sideways. Why?
The pushing force from the wind is balanced by friction between the rock and the
ground. Therefore, rock remains at rest.

2. Draw the force diagram

when the rock is at rest.
Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. Imagine the force is now push with a much larger force than
the wind such as a large vehicle. Will the rock remain at rest
or start moving?
The rock will now move because the Sideways forces are unbalanced.
Reason : When the vehicle pushes on the rock, the pushing force will be larger than
the friction force.

2. Draw the force diagram when the rock is in motion.

Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. What will be the direction of the rock’s movement?

The rock will now start to move in the direction of the larger sideways force.
Forces are unbalanced.
2. Will the rock move up and down?
The rock will not move up or down because the forces acting up and down are still
balanced.
Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. Can unbalanced forces make an object start to move only?
No, Unbalanced or unequal forces can also make moving objects slow down.

2. How many forces act on a parachutist?

Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. How a parachute makes a falling object slowing down?
When an object is falling quickly, the parachute causes a force of air
resistance that is larger than the weight of the object.
Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. Can unbalanced forces also make objects change direction?

Yes, Unbalanced forces can also make objects change direction.

2. How can you say, that the forces are unbalanced in the
above picture?
When the ball contacts the tennis racket, the ball pushes on the tennis racket.
To make the ball go back in the opposite direction, the hitting force must be larger
than the force from the ball.
Hence, this tennis ball will change direction because of an unbalanced force.
Think & Share - effects of unbalanced forces on motion
1. Draw the force diagram for the change in direction.
 Balanced or unbalanced?
In the Venn diagram, write the phrases listed below to describe
unbalanced forces and balanced forces. Write the characteristics
shared by unbalanced and balanced forces in the area of overlap.
not equal in size and/or opposite in direction
equal in size and opposite in direction
changes an object’s motion
does not change an object’s motion
push or pull
net force does not equal to 0 N
have direction and unit
net force equals to 0 N
Change in speed
Constant speed
Answer

Balanced Force Unbalanced Force

equal in size and opposite push or pull not equal in size and/or
in direction have direction and unit opposite in direction
does not change an changes an object’s
object’s motion motion

net force equals to 0 N net force does not

equal to 0 N
Constant speed
Change in speed
 Balanced or unbalanced?
Identify the force of gravity on a planet as a Balanced or
unbalanced force.

The force of gravity on a planet is a constant, unbalanced force.

 Force Diagram
• A book on a table is at rest.
 Force Diagram
• A book on a table is being pushed to the right
at a constant speed.
 Force
• Complete the table.
Size of forces Direction of forces Balanced or Change in movement
unbalanced
Equal Opposite

Equal Not opposite

Not equal Opposite

Not equal Not opposite

 Answer- Force
• Complete the table.
 Common misconceptions
• If an object is stationary, then there must be
no forces acting.
Learner’s activity : Show an object on the camera, such as a book, resting on
a desk and answer the following questions.

1. What forces are acting, or whether there are any forces? weight & reaction force
2. Lift the object and see what will happen if you let go? object will fall
3. What causes the object to fall? gravity
4. Set the object on the desk and tell whether gravity has disappeared? No
5. Yes, lift the object. Can you feel the weight? So does gravity switch on only
when they lift something? gravity acts all the time
6. Then why the object does not fall through the desk? It is balanced by the
Contact force from the
table
 Common misconceptions
• If an object is stationary, then there must be
no forces acting.
Learner’s activity : draw a force diagram for a car moving at a constant speed
in a straight line.
The force diagram shows balanced forces.
 Common misconceptions
• If an object is stationary, then there must be
no forces acting.
Learner’s activity : draw a force diagram for a getting faster in the forward direction.
force diagram shows a larger, unbalanced, forward force.
Learner’s Book Page 68
 Summary
• Force: pushing, pulling, twisting an object
• Opposite: the direction of two forces is opposite if
the angle between the forces is opposite
• Direction: the direction of a force is where an arrow
representing that force is pointing
• Slow down: get slower, decelerate or reduce in speed
• Speed up: get faster, accelerate or increase in speed
• Change direction: an object moves in a curved path
or at an angle to its original movement
 Summary
• Balanced Forces : forces acting on an object are balanced
if the sizes of the forces are equal and they are in
opposite directions.
• Balanced forces cause no change in movement
• In balanced forces resultant force is ZERO N.
• Unbalanced Forces : forces acting on an object are
unbalanced if the sizes are not equal or if the directions
are not opposite
• Unbalanced forces cause change in movement: speeding
up, slowing down or changing direction.
• In unbalanced forces resultant force is not ZERO N.
 To Do
• Mark Attendance on Google Classroom
• Take notes.
(Write/Paste slides in your Physics exercise
journal.)
• Attempt Questions 1–4 from Learner’s Book.
 Thank you!
Question / Answer ?
You can Post your queries on the Google Classroom for further clarification.
You can send an email to us at :

a.yousuf@generations.edu.pk
n.husnain@generations.edu.pk
t.asif@generations.edu.pk
z.shakeel@generations.edu.pk