PROBABILITY

19_2

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q19_
2
Assume that each born child
is equally likely to be a boy
or a girl. If a family has two
children, what is the
conditional probability
that both are girls given that
at least one is a
𝒊𝒊 girl?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Assume that each born child is equally

likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family
has two children, what is the
conditional probability that both are
girls given that

at least one is a
𝒊𝒊 girl?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Assume that each born child is equally

likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family
has two children, what is the
conditional probability that both are
girls given that

at least one is a
𝒊𝒊 girl?
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given: each born child is equally likely to

be a boy or a girl.

To find: Probability that both are

girls given that at least one is a girl?

Step 𝟏
Define sample space.

Let and represent the boy and the girl child

respectively.
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

𝑆={(𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑔), (𝑔, 𝑏), (𝑔, 𝑔)}

Step 𝟐

Finding the probability that both

are girls & at least one is a girl.

Let be the event that both children are girls

Let be the event that at least one child is a girl.
Question Discussion Answer Summary
1
𝑃 ( 𝐴)= ...(1)
4

Step 𝟑

Finding the conditional probability that

both are girls given that at least one is a
girl i.e., .
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Assume that each born child is equally

likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family
has two children, what is the
conditional probability that both are
girls given that

at least one is a
𝒊𝒊 girl?

1
3
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Let and represent the boy and the girl child
respectively.
If a family has two children, then sample space
will be

Let be the event that both children are

girls Let be the event that
at least one child is a girl.
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
CBe the event that at least one child is
a girl.

We know that.
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Putting the value of &in

After solving,
 20

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q20
An instructor has a question
bank consisting of easy
True/False questions,
difficult True/False questions,
easy multiple-choice
questions and difficult
multiple-choice
questions. If a question is
selected at random from the
question bank,
what is the probability that it
will be an easy question given
that it is a
multiple-choice question?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

An instructor has a question bank

consisting of easy True/False
questions, difficult True/False
questions, easy multiple-choice
questions and difficult multiple
choice questions. If a question is
selected at random from the question
bank, what is the probability that it
will be an easy question given that it is
a multiple-choice question?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

An instructor has a question bank

consisting of easy True/False
questions, difficult True/False
questions, easy multiple-choice
questions and difficult multiple
choice questions. If a question is
selected at random from the question
bank, what is the probability that it
will be an easy question given that it
Is a multiple-choice question?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given: Question bank consisting of easy

True/False questions, difficult True/False
questions, easy multiple-choice questions and
difficult multiple choice questions

To find: Probability that selected question t

will be an easy question given that it is a
multiple-choice question

Step 𝟏
Simplification of given data.

Multiple
Question True/False Total
choice
Easy
Difficult
Total
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

Multiple
Question True/False Total
choice
Easy
Difficult
Total 0

Step 𝟐

Finding the probability that it will be

an easy question & it is a
multiple-choice question

easy questions,
multiple choice questions,
Question Discussion Answer Summary

900 500
𝑃 ( 𝑀 )= ( )
... 1 , 𝑃 (𝐸 ∩ 𝑀)= ...(2)
1400 1400
Step 𝟑

Finding the probability that it will be an

easy question given that it is a multiple-
choice question i.e.,
Question Discussion Answer Summary

n instructor has a question bank

consisting of easy True/False
questions, difficult True/False
questions, easy multiple-choice
questions and difficult multiple
choice questions. If a question is
selected at random from the question
bank, what is the probability that it
will be an easy question given that it is
a multiple-choice question?
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
The given data can be tabulated as:

Multiple
Question True/False Total
choice
Easy
Difficult
Total 0
Leteasy questions,multiple choice
questions,
difficult questions,andTrue /False
questions
Total number of questions
So,&
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:

We know that.

Putting the value of&in

Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:

After solving,

The probability that it will be an easy question

given that it is a
multiple-choice question
 21

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q21
Given that the two numbers
appearing on throwing the
two dice are different. Find
the probability of the event
‘the sum of numbers on the
dice is .
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given that the two numbers appearing

on throwing the two dice are different.
Find the probability of the event ‘the
sum of numbers on the dice is .
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given that the two numbers

Appearing on throwing the two dice
are different. Find the probability of
the event ‘the sum of numbers on the
dice is .
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given : Two numbers appearing on

throwing the two dice are different
To find: Probability of the event ‘the
sum of numbers on the dice is
Step 𝟏
Define Sample space.

All possible outcomes when two dice are

thrown.

Total sample space

 Question Discussion Answer Summary

{ }
(1,1), (1,2) ,(1,3) ,(1,4) ,(1,5), (1,6 ),
( 2,1 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 2,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 ) ,
( 3,1 ) , ( 3,2 ) , ( 3,3 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 3,6 ) ,
S=
( 4,1 ) , ( 4,2 ) , ( 4,3 ) , ( 4,4 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 4,6 ) ,
( 5,1 ) , ( 5,2 ) , (5,3 ) , ( 5,4 ) , (5,5 ) , ( 5,6 ) ,
(6,1) ,(6,2) ,(6,3) ,(6,4) ,(6,5) ,(6,6)

n ( S ) =36
Step 𝟐
Finding the probability that the two
numbers appearing on throwing the
two dice are different & the event ‘the
sum of numbers on the dice is

Let be the event that the sum of the

numbers on the dice is

be the event that the two numbers

appearing on throwing the two
dice are different.
Question Discussion Answer Summary

A ={(1, 3) ,(2 , 2) ,(3 ,1)}

3
P( A)= ...(1) n ( S ) =36
36
The event that the two numbers
appearing on throwing the two
dice are different.

{ }
( 1,2 ) , ( 1,3 ) , ( 1,4 ) , ( 1,5 ) , ( 1,6 )
( 2,1 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 2,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 )
( 3,1 ) , ( 3,2 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 3,6 )
B=
( 4,1 ) , ( 4,2 ) , ( 4,3 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 4,6 )
( 5,1 ) , ( 5,2 ) , ( 5,3 ) , ( 5,4 ) , ( 5,6 )
( 6,1 ) , ( 6,2 ) , ( 6,3 ) , ( 6,4 ) , ( 6,5 )
Question Discussion Answer Summary

30 2
P ( B )= … ( 2 ) , P ( A ∩ B)= ... (3)
36 36

Step 𝟑

Finding the probability

We know that.

Putting the value of& in

After solving,
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given that the two numbers appearing

on throwing the two dice are different.
Find the probability of the event ‘the
sum of numbers on the dice is .
1
15
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:

All possible outcomes when two dice are

thrown.

Total sample space

Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Let be the event that the sum of the
numbers on the dice is

be the event that the two numbers

appearing on throwing the two
dice are different.

{ }
( 1,2 ) , ( 1,3 ) , ( 1,4 ) , ( 1,5 ) , ( 1,6 )
( 2,1 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 2,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 )
( 3,1 ) , ( 3,2 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 3,6 )
B=
( 4,1 ) , ( 4,2 ) , ( 4,3 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 4,6 )
( 5,1 ) , ( 5,2 ) , ( 5,3 ) , ( 5,4 ) , ( 5,6 )
( 6,1 ) , ( 6,2 ) , ( 6,3 ) , ( 6,4 ) , ( 6,5 )
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:

We know that.

Putting the value of& in

Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:

After solving,

Final Answer:
Therefore,
 22

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q22
Consider the experiment of
throwing a die, if a multiple of
comes up, throw the die
again and if any other number
comes toss a coin. Find the
conditional probability of the
event ‘the coin shows a tail’,
given that ‘at least one die
shows a
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Consider the experiment of throwing a

die, if a multiple of comes up, throw
the die again and if any other number
comes toss a coin. Find the
conditional
probability of the event ‘the coin
shows
die showsa tail’,
a given that ‘at least one
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Consider the experiment of throwing

A die, if a multiple of comes up,
throw the die again and if any other
number comes toss a coin. Find the
conditional probability of the event
‘the coin shows a tail’, given that ‘at
least one die shows a ’
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given: If a multiple of comes up, throw

the die again and if any other number
comes toss a coin
To find: Conditional probability of the
event ‘the coin shows a tail given that ‘at
least one die shows a
Step 𝟏
Define Sample space.

Throwing a die.

Multiple of 3comes up, If any other number

throw the die again Comes toss a coin
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

Step 𝟐

Finding the probability that event ‘the

coin shows a tail & at least one die
shows a

Let A be the event that the coin shows a tail 

Bbe the event that at least one die shows

A={(1,T),(2,T),(4,T),(5,T)}
B= {( 3,1 ) , ( 3 ,2 ) , ( 3,3 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 3,6 ) , ( 6,3 ) }
 Question Discussion Answer Summary

be the event that the coin shows a tail 

Bbe the event that at least one die shows
7
P ( B )= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ( 1)
36
Step 𝟑

Finding the probability that event ‘the

coin shows a tail’ given that at least
one die shows a i.e., .

A={(1,T),(2,T),(4,T),(5,T)}
B= {( 3,1 ) , ( 3 ,2 ) , ( 3,3 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 3,6 ) , ( 6,3 ) }
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Consider the experiment of throwing

A die, if a multiple of comes up,
Throw the die again and if any other
Number comes toss a coin. Find the
Conditional probability of the event
‘the coin shows a tail given that ‘at
least one die shows a

P( A∨B)=0
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Given: the experiment of throwing a die, if a
multiple of comes up, throw the die again
and if any other number comes, toss a coin
Total no of sample space
Throwing a die.

Multiple of 3comes up, If any other number

throw the die again Comes toss a coin
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Let be the event that the coin shows a tail 

Now,
Bbe the event that at least one die shows
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Also,

We know that.

Putting the value of&in

 23

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q23
Then is

𝑨 0
1
𝑩 2
not defined
𝑪

𝑫 1
Question Discussion Answer Summary

then is

𝑨 0
1
𝑩 2
not defined
𝑪

𝑫 1
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Then is

𝑨 0
1
𝑩 2
not defined
𝑪

𝑫 1
Question Discussion Answer Summary

1
Given : P ( A )= , P ( B )= 0
2
To find:
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Then is

𝑨 0
1
𝑩 2
not defined
𝑪

𝑫 1
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Given,

Now,

Putting the & in

Therefore, is not defined.

Thus, the correct answer is option .
 24

Question
21QNANCERT12MATH13Q24
If and are events such that
then

𝑨 but

𝑩 A=B

𝑪
A ∩ B=ф

𝑫
P( A)= P(B)
Question Discussion Answer Summary

If and are events such that

then

𝑨 but

𝑩 A=B

𝑪
A ∩ B=ф

𝑫
P( A)= P(B)
Question Discussion Answer Summary

If and are events such that

then

𝑨 but

𝑩 A=B

𝑪
A ∩ B=ф

𝑫
P( A)= P(B)
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Given:
Question Discussion Answer Summary

If and are events such that

then

𝑨 but

𝑩 A=B

𝑪
A ∩ B=ф

𝑫
P( A)= P(B)
Question Discussion Answer Summary

Solution:
Given,

We know that,

Thus, the correct answer is option .