ATM Basics For WCDMA Networks

Yagyavalkya Institute Of Technology,Jaipur

Guided by: Prepared by:

prof. Anila dingra Manmohan singh Chandoliya
HOD of ECE M.Tech (2 year)
 Network Transfer Modes

• Synchronous Transfer Mode

• Packet Transfer Mode
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 Synchronous Transfer Mode

• Derived from TDM technology

• Divides the physical bandwidth into logical timeslots
• Circuit switched networks (voice and leased lines)
 Synchronous Transfer Mode
• Benefits:
+ Fixed and guaranteed bandwidth
+ Low and fixed delay
+ Less delay variation (jitter)
• Drawbacks:
– Waste of physical bandwidth in data networks
– No over-subscription in the service provider network
– Inflexible bandwidth, not ideal for bursty traffic
• Maximum number of connection equals maximum
number of timeslots
• Ideal for uncompressed voice networks
 Packet Transfer Mode

• X.25 or Frame Relay technology

• A DLCI identifies each virtual connection
(Data Link Connection Identifier)
 Packet Transfer Mode
• Benefits:
+ Less waste of physical bandwidth in data networks
+ Over-subscription in the service provider network is
possible
+ Guaranteed bandwidth is possible (CIR)
• Drawbacks:
– No guarantees for delay and jitter
• Ideal for data networks with less demand of the quality
of service
• Variable length and delivery of packets
• Flexible bandwidth
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Voice Video Data

ATM cells

48-octet
Payload

ATM 53-octet cells are

switched in hardware

• A compromise for voice, data, and video

• QoS defined/negotiated when the initial connection is made
• Asynchronous on layer 2 of the OSI reference model
• Compromise of STM and PTM
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Benefits:
+ Over-subscription in the service provider network
possible
+ Guaranteed bandwidth, delay and jitter are possible
+ Proven technology
• Drawbacks:
– Most applications are based on IP instead of ATM
– A lot of overhead for IP over ATM
– Complicated protocol architecture
• Implemented in voice and data networks
• Transport layer in 3G networks
 New world packet networks
• Layer 1 to layer 3 in the OSI reference model
• Layer 1:
– PDH or
– SDH/SONET
– DWDM optical
• Layer 2:
– ATM
– Frame Relay
– PPP
– Ethernet
• Layer 3:
– IP
 What is ATM?
• ATM = Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Fast packet switching and multiplexing technology (cell-based )
• Supports a variety of services
• voice, video and data traffic
• Provides quality of service guarantee and reliability
• Offers "bandwidth on demand"
• Connection-oriented, no error correction for user traffic
• error correction for user traffic is handled by the end user
• the advantages are increased speed of switching and
elimination of associated delay
• Utilises statistical multiplexing
• less bandwidth can be reserved than if bandwidth
reservation would be based on the peak rate of the
connections.
• transmission cost saving is achieved
 Why is ATM used as a transport
protocol in 3G?
• ATM provides efficient support for transmission of voice,
data, and video
• ATM provides QoS guarantee and reliability
• ATM utilises statistical multiplexing, so
– less bandwidth can be reserved
– transmission cost saving are considerable
• ATM supports the soft handover functionality
 ATM Virtual Connections
Virtual Circuit Virtual Path Transmission Path
 ATM cell
53 bytes

Header Payload
5 bytes 48 bytes

• Header contains routing and error control

information
• Payload carries the actual user information,
either voice, data or video
 ATM cell
Provides local functions, The 1st bit - indicates whether the
such as identifying multiple cell contains user data or control
stations that share a single data
ATM interface The 2nd bit - indicates congestion

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
GFC VPI VPI
VPI VCI VPI VCI
Header VCI VCI
(5 bytes)
VCI PT CLP VCI PT CLP
HEC HEC

Payload Payload Payload

(48 bytes)

User Network Interface Network Node Interface

(UNI)
GFC Generic Flow Control
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
(NNI)
Indicates two levels of
PT Payload Type priority for ATM cells,
CLP Cell Loss Priority CLP=1 should be discarded
HEC Header Error Control in preference to cells with
the CLP=0
 ATM cell header
• GFC provides local functions.
• VPI indicates the virtual path over which the cell should
be routed.
• VCI identifies a virtual channel over which the cell is to
travel.
• PT discriminates between a cell carrying management
information or one, which is carrying user information.
• CLP indicates two levels of priority for ATM cells.
• HEC checks for an error and corrects the contents of the
header by using a CRC algorithm.
 ATM interfaces in 3G network
ATM is employed

Iub Iu-CS A B
Uu
BS RNC MGW MSC PSTN
UE NNI
UNI

Iur
NNI Iu-PS

UNI NNI
BS RNC

UNI
Gn Gi
BS
SGSN GGSN IP network

UNI - User Network Interface

NNI - Network Node Interface
 ATM Cross Connect
Virtual Path Switching
VCI 1 VCI 3
VPI 1 VPI 4
VCI 2 VCI 4

VCI 3 VCI 5
VPI 2 VPI 5
VCI 4 VCI 6

VCI 5 VCI 1
VPI 3 VPI 6
VCI 6 VCI 2

Virtual Channel Switching

Port 2
VCI 1 VPI 1 VPI 1 VCI 5
VCI 2 VCI 6
VCI 1 VPI 2 VPI 4 VCI 3
VCI 2
VPI 5
Port 1 VCI 4

Port 3
 ATM cell
5 3 b y te s

H eader P a y lo a d
5 b y te s 4 8 b y te s

• Always the same payload - 48 bytes (octets)

• Overhead is almost 9.5%, due to the 5-octet header
• Can carry any type of information
• Two types of ATM cells
– ATM UNI (User-Network Interface) cell; used for
communication
between ATM endpoints and ATM switches
– ATM NNI (Network-Node Interface) cell; used for
communication between ATM switches
 ATM Essential for 3G
• ATM Cell
• ATM Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual Channel (VC)
• ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) (AAL2 and AAL5)
• ATM Layer Service Class (CBR,UBR)
• ATM Cross Connect
• Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)
• ATM over PDH and SDH
• Fractional E1 and Circuit Emulation Service (CES)
 ATM in VP and VC
Virtual Virtual Transmis
ATM Cell Channel Path sion path
(VC) (VP)

ATM Layer

HEADER PAYLOAD

ATM cell (53 bytes)

HEADER 5 bytes
PAYLOAD 48 bytes
 Advantages of Virtual Path Connections
• Simplified network architecture
• Increased network performance and reliability
• The network deals with fewer, aggregated entities
• Segregation of traffic
• A form of priority control can be implemented by segregating traffic
types requiring different quality of service (QoS)
• Reduced processing and short connection setup time
• New VCCs can be established by executing simple control functions at
the end points of the VPC; no call processing is required at transit
nodes
– it can decrease the connection setup delay
• Enhanced network services
• The user may define closed user groups or closed networks of VC
bundles.
 ATM Layer Service Classes
Bandwidth
• CBR (Constant Bit Rate)

Time
• VBR (Variable Bit Rate)
Bandwidth

• ABR (Available Bit Rate)

Time

• UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate)

THANKS