MEANING AND

CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
• Scientific investigation of
phenomena
• Includes: collection, presentation ,
analysis and interpretation of facts
• A systematic study of trend or
event
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
1. EMPIRICAL
2. LOGICAL
3. CYCLICAL
4. ANALYTICAL
5. CRITICAL
6. METHODICAL
7. REPLICABILITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
1. EMPIRICAL – based on direct
experience or observation by the
researcher
2. LOGICAL – based on valid
procedures and principles
3. CYCLICAL – because it starts with a
problem and ends with a problem
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
4. ANALYTICAL – research utilizes
analytical procedures in gathering
data
• Historical – focus in the past
• Descriptive – focuses on the present
situation
• Experimental – future
• Case Study – past, present & futute
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
5. CRITICAL – exhibits careful and
precise judgement
6. METHODICAL – without bias using
systematic method and procedures
7. REPLICABILITY – design and
procedures are replicated or
repeated to arrive at valid &
conclusive results
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
1) Research –oriented
2) Efficient
3) Scientific
4) Effective
5) Active
6) Resourceful
7) Creative
8) Honest
9) Economical
10) Religious
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RESEARCHER
1. Intellectual Curiosity – undertakes deep thinking and
inquiry of the things, problems, and situations around him
2. Prudence – careful to conduct his research study at the right
time and at the right place wisely, efficiently & economically
3. Healthy Criticism – always doubtful as to the truthfulness of
the results
4. Intellectual Honesty – honest to collect or gather data or
facts in order to arrive at honest results
5. Intellectual Creativity – productive and resourceful
investigator always creates new researches
VALUES OF RESEARCH TO
MAN
1) Research improves quality of life
2) Research improves instruction
3) Research improves students’ achievement
4) Research improves teacher’s competence
5) Research satisfies man’s needs
6) Research reduces the burden of work
7) Research has deep-seated psychological aspects
8) Research improves the exportation of food products
9) Research responds to the economical recovery and austerity
measure of the country
10) Research trains graduates to become responsible to the
economic development of the country and compete globally
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1) BASIC RESEARCH – “fundamental” or “pure research; it
seeks to discover basic truths and principles
i. Boyle’s Law – “if the temperature remains constant, the
volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the
pressure”
ii. Charles’ Law - “the volume of a dry gas is directly proportional
to Kelvin temperature, provided the temperature remain
constant”
iii. Archimedes Principles – Law of Buoyancy “An object in a liquid
will experience a buoyant force just equal to the height of the
liquid displaced
iv. Hooke’s Law – “within the limit of perfect elasticity, strain is
directly proportional stress”
v. Newton’s Law
TYPES OF RESEARCH
2) APPLIED RESEARCH – involves seeking new application
of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem
Ex.
Fish wastes pollution problem – to solve this problem
utilization and commercialization of fish bone into fish
value-added products are conducted.
Gas shortage – to solve this problem research on the
production of gas is conducted to roll back the prices
of oil
TYPES OF RESEARCH

3) DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH – decision-oriented research

involving the application pf the scientific methods in
response to immediate need to improve the existing
problem
Ex.
 Culture of seaweeds can be improved using lantay method
CLASSIFICATION OF
RESEARCH
1. LIBRARY RESEARCH –done in the library where
answers to specific questions or problems of
the study are available (e.g. historical evidence)
2. FIELD RESEARCH - conducted in natural
setting; no changes in the environment;
applicable to descriptive survey or
experimental methods
3. LABORATORY RESEARCH – conducted in
artificial or controlled conditions
THE VARIABLE
VARIABLE – a quality susceptible
of fluctuation or change in value
or magnitude under different
conditions
TYPES OF VARIABLE
1. Independent Variable – the stimulus variable which chosen
by the researcher to determine it’s relationship to an
observed phenomenon
2. Dependent Variable – the response variable which is
observed and measured to determine the effect of
independent variable
3. Moderator Variable - secondary or special type of
independent variable chosen the researcher to determine if
it changes or modifies the relationships between the
independent or dependent variables
EXAMPLES OF IV-DV
EXAMPLE OF IV-MV-DV
TYPES OF VARIABLE
4. Control Variable – variable that is controlled by the
investigator in which the effects can be neutralized by
eliminating or removing the variable
TYPES OF VARIABLE
5. Intervening Variable – variable which interferes with the
independent and dependent variables, but its effects can
either strengthen or weaken the independent and
dependent variables
COMPONENTS OF RESEACH
PROCESS
PROBLEM OBJECTIVES
HYPOTHESES
THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ASSUMPTIONS
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
RESEARCH DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS