Philippine Politics and

governance
 OBJECTIVES
▣ learn the basic concepts of nation and state;
▣ differentiate nation from state
▣ differentiate state from a government.

2
TAKE A LOOK

3
▣ What have you observed so far with each
territories of each states of United States?

4
 What is a state?
▣The word “state” is a people organized for law
within a define territory,
▣possessing both internal and external
sovereignty. It is a political unit in charge of the
▣conduct of its own affairs.

5
 The Four Elements of a state
▣Sovereignty
▣Government
▣Territory
▣people

6
 The Four Elements of a state
▣Sovereignty - It is in this
capacity that the state is
independent and in this
capacity, the state points to
differences with other
organizations.

7
 The Four Elements of a state
Sovereignty refers to Jurisdiction Jurisdiction - the
ability of a state to exercise its authority over its
territory and people) and independence (the freedom
from external control)

8
 The Four Elements of a state
▣Government-the governing
body of a nation, state, or
community.

9
 The Four Elements of a state
The government is the machinery of the state
through which the people’s will is formulated and
carried out. Aristotle classified government into
legitimate or positive (Monarchy, Aristocracy,
Polity) and negative or corrupt (Tyranny,
Oligarchy, Democracy).

10
 The Four Elements of a state
▣Territory- an area of land
under the jurisdiction of a
ruler or state.

11
 The Four Elements of a state
▣People - the men, women,
and children of a particular
nation, community, or ethnic
group.

12
Nation
Nation - The word “nation” is taken from the
Latin word nasci, which means “born,” giving
the word a racial or ethnic meaning.

13
Nation
Etymologically, it signifies original birthplace. It is
thus generally used to describe an ethnic, linguistic, or
cultural community, or race.

14
Nation
A nation refers to a large group of individuals who
believe that they belong together because they share a
common identity as a people. This common identity
enables them to think of themselves as members of a
homogeneous community.

15
Activity One. Test your knowledge
Definition of Terms. Provide a simple definition of the following terms and
concepts.
1. state -
__________________________________________________________
2. nation -
_________________________________________________________
3. government -
____________________________________________________
4. sovereignty -
____________________________________________________
5. people -
________________________________________________________
6. territory -
_______________________________________________________
16
7. Jurisdiction -
____________________________________________________
8. independence -
__________________________________________________
9. legitimate government -
___________________________________________
10. corrupt government -
____________________________________________

17
Activity 2. Distinguish the following in terms of their functions.

Functions
Nation
State
Government

18
Activity 3.

Given the present condition of the country and

based on your own observation, would you
consider the Philippines an effective, weak, or
failed state? Why?

19
There are several classifications of states
depending on the perspective one
conforms to. Roskin (2012) claimed that
while no international tribunal classifies
states based on strength, analysts provide
three categories.

20
21
From this, governments may be classified in several
ways. One of the earliest classifications was that of
Aristotle. He distinguished governments based on
who governs and whether or not such government is
positive (legitimate) or negative (corrupt). The table
below presents Aristotle’s classic work.

22
23
 Globalization and the Nation-StatE
Heywood (2013) defined globalization as the process
through which societies have become so intertwined or
interconnected that events and decisions in one part of the
world have significant effects on the lives of people in the
other part of the world.

24
 Globalization and the Nation-StatE
To illustrate this, the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) Integration may have caused the
developments in Philippine educational policies (e.g., the
implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program) so
that the movement of students within the member-countries
will be “free-flowing” too.

25
How and why does this happen? What are the characteristics of
globalization as a phenomenon? Heywood (2013) enumerates its
features.

1. Declining relevance of geographical distance

2. Lessening significance of territorial boundaries
3. Deepening and broadening of political processes, such that the
local, national, and global events constantly interact.

26
 Globalization resulted in a growing interdependence
among actors, activities, and processes all over the world.
Several forms of globalization can be identified, of which

27
Heywood (2013) listed three—economic,
cultural, and political. The following table
summarizes the key features of these forms of
globalization and enumerates some examples.

28
29
30
31
32
33
You can also use any emoji as an icon!
And of course it resizes without losing quality.
How? Follow Google instructions https://twitter.com/googledocs/status/730087240156643328

✋👆👉👍👤👦👧👨👩👪💃🏃💑❤
😂😉😋😒😭👶😸🐟🍒🍔💣📌📖🔨
🎃🎈🎨🏈🏰🌏🔌🔑 and many more...
34