English for Academic

and Professional Purposes

(Quarter1 – module 1)
 Lesson 1

Academic text
structure
 Learning
I.
objectives:
Define academic text.
II. Determine text structure of an academic
text.
III. Explain the components of the three-part
essay structure.
 What is it

What is an academic text?

Written by professionals in the given
field
Well-edited and often takes years to
publish
Uses formal language
Contains words and terms specific to
the field (jargons)
What is it

Academic texts
Contains list of sources and references
Main goal is to advance human
understanding in a particular discipline
Can be challenging for novice/beginner
readers
Informative, argumentative, or
objective in nature
 What is it

Examples of Academic texts

• School books and textbooks
• Journal articles
• Research proposals and papers
• Some newspaper and magazine
articles
• Thesis and dissertations
 What is it

Literary analysis
• Examines, evaluates and makes an
argument about a literary works
• It goes beyond mere
summarization
• It requires careful close reading of
one or multiple texts and often
focuses on a specific
characteristic, theme or motif.
What is it

Research paper
• It uses outside information to support a thesis or
make an argument.
• Written in all disciplines and may be evaluative,
analytical, or critical in nature.
• Common research sources include data, primary
sources (e.g., historical records) and secondary
sources (e.g., peer-reviewed scholarly articles.
• It involves synthesizing this external information
with your own ideas.
 What is it

dissertation
• It is a document submitted at the conclusion
of a Ph.D. program.
• A bool-length summarization of the doctoral
candidate’s research.
• Academic papers may be done as a part of a
class, in a program of study, or for
publication in an academic journal or
scholarly book of articles around a theme by
different authors.
 What is it

Text structure

• A well-structured text
enables the readers to
follow arguments and
navigate the text.
What is it

Two common structures of academic

text:

• The three-part essay

structure
• IMRaD structure
 What is it

The three-part essay structure

• A basic structure that consist

of INTRODUCTION,
BODY and CONCLUSION.
 What is it

INTRODUCTION
• Its purpose is to clearly tell the
reader the topic, purpose and
structure of the paper.
• It might be between 10-20
percent of the length of the
whole paper.
 What is it

Three main parts of introduction

A. The most general information

B. The core of the introduction
C. The most specific
information.
 What is it

Note:
• You should write your
introduction after you know both
your overall point of view (if it
is persuasive paper) and the
whole structure of your paper.
• Revise the introduction when
you completed the main body.
 What is it

The body
• Develops the question, “What is the topic about?”
• It may elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving
definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts,
examples and evidence.
• The heart of the essay because it expounds the specific
ideas for the readers to have a better understanding of the
topic.
• It is the largest part of the essay.
 What is it

conclusion
• ‘Mirror image’ of the introduction.
• If the introduction begins with general information and ends with
specific information, the conclusion moves in the opposite
direction
• Begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or structure of
the paper.
• Confirms the topic that was given in the introduction, ends the
more general statement about how this topic relates to its
context.
What is it

conclusion
• This may take the form of
an evaluation of the
importance of the topic,
implications for future
research or a
recommendation about
theory or practice.
 What is it

Note:
• The introduction and the conclusion
should be shorter than the body of
the text.
• For shorter essays one or two
paragraphs for each of these
sections can be appropriate.
• For longer text or thesis, they may
be several pages long.
 What is it

The imrad structure

•For thesis and

dissertation
What is it

Sections of the imrad structure

• Introductions
• Methods
• Results and
• Discussion
 What is it

Sections of the imrad structure

• the INTRODUCTIONS • the METHODOLOGY

usually depicts the let your readers know
background of the topic your data collection
and the central focus of methods, research
the study. instrument employed,
sample size and so on.
 What is it

Sections of the imrad structure

• the RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION states the
brief summary of the
key findings of the result
of your study.
 What’s more

Performance task No. 1

Directions: Create an essay about the
current issues in the Philippines. Use
the three-part essay you have learned
in the lesson. The body must consist
of 3-5 paragraphs only. Encode your
essay in a long size bond paper.
Lesson 2

Academic language
 Learning
I.
objectives:
Determine language style in academic writing.
II. Differentiate language style used in academic texts
from various discipline; and
III. Construct paragraphs using academic language.
 What is it

What is an academic language?

Represents the language demand of
school (academics).
Includes language in textbooks,
classrooms, on test, and in each
discipline.
academic writing
A formal, objective (impersonal) and
technical.
 What is it
objectives
Avoid personal or
direct reference to
people or feelings.
Formal
Avoid casual or technical
conversational and Use vocabulary
informal specific to
vocabulary. discipline.
Academic
language
 What is it

formality
• Choosing expanded forms over contracted forms. (e.g., don’t –
do not)
• Choose one-word verbs over two-word verbs. (e.g., mess up –
ruin/damage)
• Avoid using abbreviations. (e.g., DepEd – Department of
Education)
• Avoid using colloquial/idiomatic expression. (e.g., Kind of –
Kinda)
 What is it

objectivity
• The focus of the information is on the topic rather than the
writer him/herself. (Third person point-of-view)
• Avoid using personal pronouns. (e.g., We need to follow
instructions. – The researchers need to follow instructions.)
• Avoid rhetorical questions.
• Avoid emotive language. (e.g., The police investigators were
shocked to see the results of the tests. – The police
investigators did not expect the results.)
 What is it

technicality
• Contains words and terms
specific to the field
(jargons)
• Use vocabulary specific to
discipline.