GENERAL

MRS. GLENDA T. CABATIC BSN, RN, LPT

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF
THE CELL MEMBRANE
What happens when you put a drop of oil in water?
NOTE: PLEASE FOLLOW THE NUMBERING

2 3
• The oil scattered.
• Oil acted like tiny drops of oil in water, retaining their
structure because they have different physical
properties from the fluid around them, a
phenomenon called liquid-liquid phase separation.
WHERE CAN YOU FIND THE CELL MEMBRANE?
“BUILD A MEMBRANE
ACTIVITY”
•To group learners into three.
QUESTIONS:
What did you observe with
the sheet in our activity?
How many membrane layers
present in our activity?
Why did the layers arrange in
that manner?
What are the functions of cell
membrane?
HISTORY OF STUDIES
ON CELL MEMBRANE
•we are going to highlight the main proposals
and models that have shaped the current
model of the cell membrane that is described
in cell biology books
 THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEMBRANES:
1. MEMBRANE LIPIDS
• Phospholipids
Phosphoglycerides/Sphingolipids
• Phosphoglycerides
• Sphingolipids
• Cholesterol 2
2. MEMBRANE PROTEINS
3. MEMBRANE FLUIDITY 2
All structures in the left side
contributed to the fluidity.
• a term used to describe
the ease of movement of
molecules in the membrane.
1
1
2
MEMBRANE LIPIDS
PHOSPHOLIPIDS VS. CHOLESTEROL

Phosphoglycerides /Sphingolipids
PHOSPHOLIPIDS VS CHOLESTEROL STRUCTURAL
PHOSPHOLIPIDS VS CHOLESTEROL FUNCTION
Phospholipid molecules can flow
past each other laterally but
can’t move vertically .
Phospholipid bilayer is
selectively permeable, meaning
it only lets certain things in and
out.
The structure of the
phospholipid bilayer prevents
random things from drifting
through the membrane, and
proteins act like doors, letting
the right stuff in and out.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS VS CHOLESTEROL FUCTION

• Cholesterol helps to restrict the passage

of molecules by increasing the packing of
phospholipids.

• Cholesterol can fit into spaces between

phospholipids and prevent water-soluble
molecules from diffusing across the
membrane.
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
• Integral membrane proteins
• are proteins that are penetrating
the lipid bilayer meaning pass through
entirely the lipid bilayer. PROTEIN
FUNCTION: 2
playing critical roles in movement
of molecules across them and the 2
transduction of energy and signals. 2
• Peripheral proteins
• are proteins located entirely2outside
of the lipid bilayer, on either
cytoplasmic or extracellular surface but
are covalently linked to lipid molecule
within the lipid bilayer.
FUNCTION:
This allows cells to coordinate and 1
communicate using networks of proteins
1
and reactions 2
CELLULAR TRANSPORT
MECHANISM
WHAT DRIVES THE MOVEMENT OF
SUBSTANCES ACROSS MEMBRANES?
 TRANSPORT MECHANISMS:
THERE ARE TWO BASIC WAYS THAT SUBSTANCES
CAN CROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE:

• PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• SIMPLE DIFFUSION
• FACILITATED DIFFUSION
• OSMOSIS
• ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• movement of substances through without using the
cell’s energy.
Simple vs facilitated vs. Osmosis Passive transport:

Osmosis transports only

water across a membrane
OSMOSIS: TONICITY

Water enters the cell

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
•ENERGY IS NEEDED FOR A SUBSTANCE TO
MOVE ACROSS A PLASMA MEMBRANE.
•AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO AN
AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION
EXAMPLE:
•EXCESS POTASSIUM TO HEART
MUSCLE- DECREASE HEART RATE
WHAT HAPPEN TO MOLECULES THAT ARE TOO LARGE TO
PASS THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE REGARDLESS
OF THEIR CONCENTRATION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE
CELL?

ANSWER:
MOLECULES CROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE WITH
DIFFERENT SORT OF HELP,
CALLED VISICLE TRANSPORT
VESICLE TRANSPORT
• Mode of passage to molecules like protein
(too large to pass through the membrane).
• Requires energy
•2 types:
• Endocytosis
• Moves a substance into the cell
• types:
• A. phagocytosis
• B. pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Moves a substance out of the cell
ENDOCYTOSIS