3-3 Implicit Differentiation and Higher Order Derivatives:

Implicit differentiation: we use implicit differentiation if the given equation includes one of the below cases:
1. There is multiplication between and
2. The degree of is greater than one
3. There is in the trigonometric functions like . Or Or
Steps for finding Implicit differentiation:
1. Differentiate both sides with respect to
2. Collect all terms containing on the left side, and the other terms not containing on the right side.
3. Factorize by on the left side (if it exists).
4. Solve for like this .

Example: Find where Example: Find where Exercise 1: Find in terms of and
Solution:
2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =1 Solution:
3 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ +2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 5 𝑦 ′ −2 𝑥=0
Solution:
1 𝑥2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ( 2 𝑥 ) + 𝑥 ( 2 𝑦 𝑦 ′ ) + 𝑦 2 (1)=0
′
𝑦= 3 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ +2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 5 𝑦 ′=2 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦 ′ +2 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′=− 2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2
2𝑦
𝑦 ′ (3 𝑦¿¿2+2 𝑦 −5)=2𝑥 ¿ 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 ¿ ¿2+2 𝑥𝑦)=−2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ¿
𝟐𝒙 ′ −𝟐 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚 𝟐
𝒚 ′= 𝒚= 𝟐
𝟐
𝟑 𝒚 +𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙𝒚
 Exercise 2: Find in terms of and Exercise 3: Find in terms of and Exercise 3: Find in terms of and

Solution: Solution: Solution:

( 𝑥+1 ) ( 1 ) −( 𝑥 − 1)(1) First way: 1= ¿
( 1
)
′
2 𝑦𝑦 = ′
( 𝑥+1)
2
1 1+ 2
∗ 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 =0
𝑦=
′
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦
𝑥+1 − 𝑥+1 2
1+ tan 𝑦
2 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 2 𝑥 𝑦′ + 𝑦
( 𝑥+1) ′ 𝟏 2
=−1
𝒚= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦
′ 2 𝟏+ 𝒙
𝟐
2 𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑥 𝑦 ′ +𝑦 =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥𝑦
( 𝑥 +1) Second way:
′ 2 1 𝑥 𝑦 ′ =−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦
𝑦= 2 1= ∗𝑦′
2 𝑦 (𝑥 +1) 2
cos 𝑦 ′−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚
𝟏 𝒚=
𝒚=
′ 1 𝑦′ 𝒙
𝒚 ( 𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟐 =
1 cos 2 𝑦
𝒚 ′ =𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒚
𝒚 ′ =𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒚
 Example: Find where Example: Find the slope of the tangent line Example: Find the slope of the tangent to
to the circle , as well as the slope of its the ellipse , as well as the slope of its
Solution: normal at the point normal at the point
1 Solution: 2 𝑥 +2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =0 Solution:
2 𝑥 + ∗ 𝑦 ′=𝑦 ′ 𝑒
𝑦
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒=𝑦 ′ 2 𝑥 −(𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 )+2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =0
𝑦 ′
2 𝑦𝑦 =− 2 𝑥
𝑦′ ′ 𝑦 −2𝑥 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦+2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =0
− 𝑦 𝑒 =−2 𝑥 𝑦=
′
𝑦 2𝑦 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 −2 𝑥
𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 𝑦 ′ 𝑒𝑦 − 2 𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
= 𝑦=′
⟹ 𝑚= 𝑦 ′ (2 𝑦 − 𝑥)=𝑦 −2 𝑥
𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑦
−3 𝟑 Slope of the 𝑦−2𝑥 𝑦 −2𝑥
𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 𝑦 ′ 𝑒 𝑦 =− 2 𝑥𝑦 ⟹ 𝑚= ⟹ 𝒎= 𝑦=
′
⟹ 𝑚=
− 4 𝟒 tangent 2 𝑦 −𝑥 2 𝑦 −𝑥
𝑦 ′ (1 − 𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 )=− 2 𝑥𝑦
−𝟒 Slope of the 2− 2(−1)
′ −𝟐 𝒙𝒚 ⟹ 𝒎= ⟹ 𝑚=
𝒚= 𝟑 normal 2(2)−(− 1)
𝟏 − 𝒚 𝒆𝒚 𝟒
ote ⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the tangent
N
Slope of the normal 𝟓
−𝟓
⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the normal
𝟒
Ex: Find the slope of the tangent to Exerc. 6: Find the slope of the tangent Exercise 9-12: Find the slope of the
the ellipse , as well as the slope of its to the curve as well as the slope of tangent line and the normal line at
normal at the point its normal at the point the given point

Solution: Solution: 9)

2 ( 𝑥 +2 ) ( 1 )+ 2( 𝑦 +3)( 𝑦 ′ )=0 Solution:

8 𝑥 − 8 ( 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 ) +18 𝑦𝑦 ′=0
′

2 𝑥 + ( 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 ) − 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =0
′
8 𝑥 − 8 𝑥 𝑦 ′ − 8 𝑦 +18 𝑦𝑦 ′ =0 2 𝑦 ′ ( 𝑦 + 3 )=− 2 ( 𝑥 +2 )
−8 𝑥 𝑦 ′ +18 𝑦 𝑦 ′ =− 8 𝑥+8 𝑦 − 2( 𝑥+2) 𝑥 𝑦 ′ −2 𝑦 𝑦 ′ =−2 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑦′ =
𝑦 ′ (−8 𝑥+18 𝑦 )=− 8 𝑥 +8 𝑦 2( 𝑦 +3) 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 2 𝑦)=−2 𝑥 − 𝑦
−8 𝑥+8 𝑦 ′ −( 𝑥+2) −2𝑥− 𝑦
𝑦 ′= 𝑦= ′
𝑦=
−8 𝑥 +18 𝑦 𝑦+ 3 𝑥−2 𝑦
− 8(−2)+8 (0) 16 −(1+2) −3 − 2(2)−3 −7
𝑚= ⟹ 𝑚= 𝑚= ⟹ 𝑚= 𝑚= ⟹ 𝑚=
16 − 7+3 −4 2 − 2(3) −4
− 8(− 2)+18(0)
𝟑 𝟕
⟹ 𝒎=𝟏 Slope of the tangent ⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the tangent ⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the tangent
𝟒 𝟒
⟹ 𝒎=−𝟏 Slope of the normal −𝟒 −𝟒
⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the normal ⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the normal
𝟑 𝟕
 10) 11) 12)
Solution: Solution: Solution:
𝑥 ( 2 𝑦 𝑦 ) + 𝑦 (2 𝑥)=0 12 𝑥 +3(𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦)+ 4 𝑦𝑦 ′ +17 𝑦 ′=0
2 ′ 2

2 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′=−2 𝑥𝑦 2 12 𝑥 +3 𝑥 𝑦 ′ +3 𝑦 +4 𝑦𝑦 ′ +17 𝑦 ′=0

−2 𝑥𝑦 2 3 𝑥 𝑦 ′ +4 𝑦𝑦 ′ +17 𝑦 ′ =−12 𝑥 −3 𝑦
𝑦 ′= 2
2𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 ′ (3 𝑥+4 𝑦 +17)=−12 𝑥 −3 𝑦
− 𝑥𝑦 2 − 12 𝑥 − 3 𝑦
𝑦 ′= 2 𝑦 ′=
𝑥 𝑦
2
𝑚=−2 𝜋+2𝑚 3 𝑥+ 4 𝑦 +17
−(−1)(3) 𝒎=𝟐 𝝅 Slope of the tangent −12(−1) −3( 0) 12
𝑚= 2 𝑚= ⟹ 𝑚=
( −1 ) (3) −𝟏 3 (−1)+ 4 (0)+17 14
9 𝒎= Slope of the normal
𝑚= 𝟐𝝅
3 𝟔
⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the tangent
Slope of the 𝟕
⟹ 𝒎=𝟑 tangent −𝟕
⟹ 𝒎= Slope of the normal
𝟔
𝟏 Slope of the
⟹ 𝒎=−
𝟑 normal
Exercise 7-8: Determine when the 8) Exercise 23: the curve on the right is
slope of the graph is defined. that of the equation Find the slopes of
7) this curve at the two points and
Solution:
(𝒙𝟐 𝒚 ′ + 𝒚 ∗ 𝟐 𝒙)−(𝒙 ∗ 𝟐 𝒚 𝒚 ′ +𝒚 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏)=𝟎 𝑦 ′ (𝑥+3 𝑦 2 )=3 𝑥 2 − 𝑦
2 ′ ′ 2 Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 +2 𝑥𝑦 − 2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑦 =0 3𝑥 −𝑦2
𝑦′ = 4 𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ =2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦 ′ −2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 ′ =𝑦 2 −2 𝑥𝑦 𝑥+3 𝑦
2

𝑦 ′ (𝑥 2 −2 𝑥𝑦)=𝑦 2 −2 𝑥𝑦 4 𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ −2 𝑦𝑦 ′ =−2 𝑥
Denominator
2 𝑦 ′ (2 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 )=− 2 𝑥
𝑦 2 −2 𝑥𝑦 𝑥+3 𝑦 2=0
𝑦 ′= 2 −2 𝑥
𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 ′=
𝒙 ≠ −𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 3
2(2 𝑦 − 𝑦 )
Denominator −𝑥
𝑦 ′=
𝑥2 −2 𝑥𝑦=0 2 𝑦3 − 𝑦
𝑥(𝑥 − 2 𝑦 )=0 −√ −√
3 3
4 4 √3 ∗ 4
𝒙≠𝟎 𝒙≠𝟐𝒚 𝒎=
1
3
2( ) −
¿
1 1 2
−
¿−
4 − 1¿ √𝟑
2 2 4 4

−√
− √3 3
4 4
𝒎= ¿ ¿ −𝟏
( )
3
2( √ ) − √ √ 2 ∗ − 1
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 4
Higher order derivatives: is taking the derivative of a function more than once

1st
derivative

2nd
derivative

3rd
derivative

4th
derivative
….

….

….

….

….
derivative
Example: find the third derivative Exercise 13-18: find the second 𝒙 𝟐+𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
of the below functions derivative of the below functions 𝒙
𝑥2 2 𝑥 1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= + −
Solution: 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =6 𝑥 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥 +2− 𝑥− 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )=𝑥𝑐 𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
2¿
3 𝟑
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 1 ¿ 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥)=1+ 0+ 𝑥− 2
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 ) =− 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 2 √𝒙 ′′ −3 𝟐
¿− 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =0+ 0 −2 𝑥 ¿ −
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 +𝟑𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝒙𝟑
𝑓 ′ ′′ ( 𝑥 )=− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( −1 )+2 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =1− 32 𝑥 −2 𝒙−𝟏
¿− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ′′ −¿
3
𝟔𝟒 ( 𝑥 − 1 )( 1 ) − 𝑥 (1)
¿− 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 −𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝑓 (𝑥)=0+64 𝑥 𝟑 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥)=
𝒙 ( 𝑥 −1 )2
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 −1
′ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 ¿
𝑓 (𝑥 )=− 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 1 )2
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 ) =− 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( −1 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
( 𝑥 −1 )2 ( 0 ) − ( −1 ) ( 2 ( 𝑥 −1 ) ( 1 ) )
¿− 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 ) =−𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 4
( 𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 ′ ′′ ( 𝑥 )=− 𝑥 ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( −1 ) −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 (𝑥 −1) 𝟐
¿ 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 ¿ ¿
( 𝒙 −𝟏 )𝟑
4
( 𝑥 −1 )
 𝟏 2) ; find
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( 0 ) −1(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −2 𝟐
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥)= 2
¿ 2
𝑓 ′ ′ ′ (𝑥 )=0 − 2 ¿ 𝟐
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑥 𝒙
cos 2 𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )= 3) ; find
cos4 𝑥 1
cos3 𝑥 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
¿ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ¿ ¿¿
′ ′′ 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥
¿ 4 −1
cos 𝑥 (4 ) 2 1 𝟏
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 2
¿ 1 ¿
cos2 𝑥 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 2 √𝒙
¿ 3
¿ 3
𝑥 2

cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 4) ; find
¿ 𝟑
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 (5 )
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2
Exercise 19-22: find the required derivative of the 𝑓 (6 ) ( 𝑥 )=𝟎
function given one of its derivatives
1) ; find Example: If ; find

𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 )=𝟐 𝒙 𝑓 ′ ′′ ( 𝑥 )=−2(− 3)𝑒 −3 𝑥¿ 6 𝑒 −3 𝑥

(4 ) −𝟑𝒙
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=− 𝟏𝟖 𝒆
Example: If ; find

𝑓 ′ ′ ( 𝑥 ) =3 ( 1
𝑥
∗1 )
′ ′′ 𝟑
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=− 𝟐
𝒙