Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hazard Risk Identification
Hazard Risk Identification
S. Veerasingam
Vice-President
Malaysian Society for Occupational
Safety and Health (MSOSH)
Managing Safety and Health Risk - Objectives
To ensure that:
At workplace categorized:
Hazard
Physical, Chemical, Biological & Physcosocial
Hazard - examples
Chemical
• Hydrocarbon under pressure
• Smoke
• Toxic material
• Volatile fluids in tanks
Physical
• Moving road tankers / vehicles
• Elevated objects
• Noise
• People working at heights
• High voltage
Hazard - examples
Biological
• Toxicological lab
(catering facility at distant work station)
Physcosocial
• Loss of containment
• Electrical shock
People
Asset
Damage
Hazard Top Event
(Incident)
Environment
Reputation
Consequences - examples
• Serious injury
• Death
• Latent illness or disease which has long gestation period
• Property damage - own or public
• Environmental damage
• Loss of reputation leading to loss in current and
prospective business
• Loss of revenue - paying for compensation, medical
expenses, production loss or deferment
Step 4 - Hazard register
Compile a Hazards & Effects register listing Hazards,
Top Event & Consequences
HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER
Risk Remedial
Hazard Threats Barriers Top Recovery Consequences Rating Initial Final
Event Measures Risk Risk Action
P A E R Required
X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X
Step 5 -Risk ranking
A B C D E
NEVER HEARD OF INCIDENT HAPPENS HAPPENS
RATING PEOPLE ASSETS ENVIRONMENT REPUTATION INCIDENT HAS SEVERAL SEVERAL
HEARD OF
IN OCCURRED TIMES TIMES
IN PER YEAR PER YEAR
INDUSTRY IN OUR
INDUSTRY COMPANY IN CO. AT LOCATION
No No No No
0 injury damage impact impact
RM Manage for
1 Slight Slight Slight Slight Continuous Inprovement
injury damage impact impact
RM
2 Minor Minor Minor Limited Demonstrate
injury damage impact impact
RM ALARP
Major Local Localised Considerable
3 damage impact impact
injury
RM
4 Single Major Major Major
fatality damage impact national Incorporate Risk INTOLERABLE
RM
5 Multiple Extensive Massive Major Reduction measures
fatalities damage impact international Prepare HSE Case
RM
Ranking Risk Probability
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
Consequence - definition
Harm to people
No. Description
1 Slight Injury or health effects (including first aid case and medical traement case) -Not affecting work
performance or causing disability
2 Minor injury or health effects(Lost Time Injury) - Affecting work performance, such as restriction to work
activities (Restricted Workday Case) or a need to take a few days to fully recover(Lost Workday Case).
Limited health effects are reversible e.g. skin irritation, food poisoning.
3. Major injury or health effects ( including Permanent Partial Disability) - Affecting work performance in the longer
term,such as prolonged absence from work. Irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise induced
hearing loss, chronic back injuries
Damage to Asset
No. Description
0 Zero Damage
No. Description
1 Slight effect - Local environment damage. Within the fence and within systems. Negligible financial
consequences
2 Minor effect - Contamination. Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment. Single exceedance of
statutory or prescribed criterion. Single complaint. No permanent effect on the environment.
3. Localised effect - Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity. Repeated exceedance of statutory or
prescribed limit. Affecting neighbourhood.
4. Major effect - Severe environmental damage. The company is required to take extensive measures to
restore the contaminated environment to its original state. Extended exceedance of statutory or prescribed
limits
5. Massive effect - Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area.
In terms of commercial or recreational use of nature conservancy, a major economic loss for the
company. Constant, high exceedance of statutory or prescribed limits.
Consequence - definition
Impact on Reputation
No. Description
1 Slight impact - Public awareness may exist, but there is no public concern.
2 Limited impact - Some local public concern. Some local media and / or local political attention with
potentially adverse aspects for company operations.
3. Considerable impact - Regional public concern. Extensive adverse attention in local media. Slight national
media and/ or local / regional political attention. Adverse stance of local government and / or action groups.
4. National impact - National public concern. Extensive adverse attention in the national media. Regional /
national policies with potentially restrictive measures and / or impact on grant of licences. Mobilisation of
action groups.
5. International impact - International public attention. Extensive adverse attention in international media.
National / International policies with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants of
licences and / or tax legislation
Step 6 - Threats
Asset
Threat Damage
Hazard Top Event
(Incident)
Environment
Threat
Reputation
Threat - examples
• High temperature
• Corrosion
• Bacteria
• Overpressure
• Erosion
• High voltage
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Environmental conditions
• Human incompetence
• Design / process unknowns
Step 7 - Barriers
A Barrier is defined as :
A measure which is put in to prevent the release of a hazard or to
prevent the occurrence of a top event once the hazard is released -
barriers may be physical or non- physical
People
Threat Barrier Barrier
Asset
Threat Barrier Barrier Damage
Hazard Top Event
(Incident)
Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier
Reputation
Barrier - examples
M P R
C E
I
O
H T B T S
A H A
N
T I
A T
Z R R O
TOP A
G
A R I R
E EVENT A
R I N A
A
D
T
E M
E
T
I
E T
I
R
N
O O
T
N
N
R
Consequences
Recovery Measures - examples
Recovery People
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures
Recovery Asset
Threat Barrier Barrier Damage
Hazard Top Event Measures
(Incident)
Recovery Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures
Recovery
Measures Reputation
Escalation
controls
Escalation Controls - Examples
AS LOW AS REASONABLY
PRACTICABLE (ALARP) PRINCIPLE
TOLERABLE IF:
Risk cannot be justified
on any grounds
Reduction
A impracticle
or
L cost/gain grossly
Risk is undertaken if a disproportionate
A benefit is desired
R
P No need for detailed Cost exceed
demonstration improvement
Step 10
Recovery People
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures
Recovery Asset
Threat Barrier Barrier Damage
Hazard Top Event Measures
(Incident)
Recovery Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures
Recovery
Measures Reputation
Escalation
controls
Completed Hazards & Effects Register
C5
X X X X X X X X X X D4,5 X
E3,4,5
X X X X X X X X
C5
X X X X X X X X X X D4,5
E3,4,5
X X X X X X X X X
Step 11
Hazard Performance
Measures
Standards
Barrier Procedures Reports
Inputs Outputs
Control
HSE HSE
critical Critical activity
Top task
Event
Recovery
Measures Staff
Competency
Design & Construction
Operations
Consequences Maintenance
Supervisor
Inspection
Business Activity
Activity – Hazard relationship
Input Output Performance criteria
Maint. procedures Tank repair Trend on corrosion of
Maint. Strategy report tank
Failure record
Responsible party Competence
External coating of
Barrier tanks
Example on Barrier
Hydrocarbon liquid under
Hazard pressure in tanks
Activity – Hazard relationship
Input Output Performance criteria
Govt. Regulations Emergency Trend in emergency
ERP/Oil spill response Drill report response
plan
Responsible party Competence
Example on
Hydrocarbon liquid under Recovery Measure
Hazard pressure in tanks
51
Control
Assess
Recovery
Identify
Accident,
Moving Slippery Loss of Injuries,
Vehicle Road Slow Down Control ABS Fatalities
•Incompetent driver
•Spill/contamination
•Not sure discharge procedure Loss of
•Poor attitude containment •Stop work order
•Company’s reputation
•Training •ER procedure
•Supervision •Bund-wall
•Design of skid tank •Supervision C
Threat 1 O
Consequence n
Refined hydrocarbon
N
(unloading into skid tank)
Threat 2 S
Diesel
Consequence 3
Threat 3 Recovery E
Barriers Top Event Preparedness
Measures
Threat 4
Consequence 2 Q
Consequence 1
U
Threat n Multiple supplier non Bundwall
standard fittings valve open
E
Escalation factors
(saboteur) N
x
x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
The Children & the Bull
Hazard = the bull
Top Event = Loss of containment (escape of bull)
Threats Controls/Barriers Escalation Factors
– corroded fence – galvanised material – acid rain
– rotting posts – treated wood – termites, age
– metal posts – corrosion
– bull leans on fence – barbed wire – anger (state of mind)
– Red Ball, barking dog
– bull charges fence – barbed wire, 4 strands – yelling child, dog
– metal posts
– electric fence
– falling tree limbs – prune trees – weather, age, insects
– gate unlatched/open – sign, lock – ability to read,
– vandalism
The Children & the Bull
Equals,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Then,
K+ N +O +W+ L +E+D+G+E
11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%
H+A+R +D+W+ O+ R +K
8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%
Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%
But,
A+T +T + I+T + U +D+E
1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%
Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choice
both ON and OFF the job
THANK YOU