Gas Turbine

Presented by:- A K Patel

Introduction

• The earliest patent on gas turbine was that of the Englishman, John
Barber, in year 1879.

• Early designs were unsuccessful due to some factors.

• Serious development of the gas turbine began only after the second
world war with the shaft power in mind.
Simplistic Gas Turbines
working principles

1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor)

2-3 Constant pressure heat addition (in a
combustor)
3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine)
4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection
 How does Gas Turbine works?
• Gas turbine functions in the same way as the Compressed Ignition
Engine. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, compresses it.

• The fuel is injected and ignited. The gases expand doing work and finally
exhausts outside.

• The only difference is instead of the reciprocating motion, gas turbine

uses a rotary motion throughout.
The three main sections of the Gas Turbine

1. Compressor

2. Combuster

3. Turbine
BASIC COMPONENTS
 1. Compressor

The compressor sucks the air from the

atmosphere and compresses it and guides it
to the combustion chamber.
 2. Combuster

This is an annular chamber where the fuel

burns and is similar to the furnace in a boiler.
The air from the compressor is the Combustion
air.
 3. Turbine

Stationary guide vanes of turbine direct the gases to

the next set of blades. The kinetic energy of the hot gases
impacting on the blades rotates the blades and the shaft.
Actual view of gas turbine
 Classification of Gas Turbines
A. On basis of combustion process:
1. Continuous combustion or Constant pressure type
2. The explosion or constant volume type
B. On basis of path of working substance:
1. Open cycle gas turbine
2. Closed cycle gas turbine
C. On basis of action of expanding gases:
1. Impluse turbine
2. Impulse- Reaction turbine
D. On the basis of direction of flow:
1. Axial flow
2. Radial flow
 Open Cycle Gas turbine
Fresh air is drawn into the
compressor from atmosphere.

Heat is added by combustion

of fuel.

Exhaust from turbine is

released in atmosphere.

Arrangement of continuous
replacement of working medium
is required.
 Closed Cycle Gas turbine
In this , cycle is closed and
exhaust is not open to
atmosphere.

In this there is continuously

supply of same working gas.

Higher density gases like

hydrogen or carbon dioxide is
used.

So we get higher efficiency

then open cycle GT.
 Applications
Applications
 Turbojet engines

Marine field

 Supercharging

Railway engines

Generation of electric
power

Industry
 Application in Aircraft

Nearly all the military aircrafts are powered by gas turbine.

These are used for the higher generation of power in plane.

As there is cut off the auxilliary engine gas turbine gets
started.

As the speed of the plane increases the compressor gets

rotated and compresses the air and that get combusted in
combustion chamber.

Then the exhaust gases are thrown out.

Working of Gas Turbine
 Advantages
• Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to
reciprocating engines.

• Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same

power rating.

• Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines

• Low operating pressures & High operation speeds.

• Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.

 Disadvantages
• Higher Cost.

• Less efficient than reciprocating engines at idle.

• Longer startup than reciprocating engines.

• Less responsive to changes in power demand compared to reciprocating

engines.
THANK -YOU