Presentation of Group 1

ENDOGENIC

E A RT H S C I E N C E
PROCESSES
 Overview
01 Introduction 06 Metamorphism
02 Endogenic Processes 07 Formation of Magma

03 Earth's Internal Heat 08 Igneous and

Metamorphic Rocks
04 Heat Transfer
09 Exciting Part
05 Magma
06 Magmatism 10 End Point
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Why do the
earth's interior is
hot?
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Earth's Internal Heat sustain life. Though sun

produces heat that can be source of energy, our
earth also releases heat that can be also a source of
energy. Aside from sustaining life, earth's internal
heat also occurs geologic processes to happen;
volcanic eruptions and tectonic plate movements.
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Endogenic
Processes
- this are the geological activities that
happens beneath the surface of the earth.
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Under the earth's crust we have different

layers of earth. As we explore deeper in
our earth's internal contents, we are also
dealing with the extreme high
temperature, which means earth interior
is hot. This is now what we call internal
heat.
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CATEGORIES

2 OF HEAT

Primordial Heat Radioactive Heat

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Primordial Heat
accretion and
bombardment of the
earth during the early
stages of formation.
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In the accretion process,

objects collide and stick
together, and large amounts
of heat are generated that is
called accretional heat.
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Radioactive Heat
heat generated by long
term radioactive decay.
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How is heat
transferred?
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3
TYPES OF HEAT
TRANSFER

CONDUCTION
RADIATION
CONVECTION
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Conduction
transferring of heat with
direct contact usually solid-
solid.
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Radiation
a process where heat waves
are emitted that may be
absorbed, reflected, or
transmitted through a
colder body.
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Convection
the process of thermal
energy exchange in fluids
via the motion of matter
within them.
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What is
magma?
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Magma
this is a mixture of molten
rock, minerals, gases found
beneath earth's surface.
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Magma temperature ranges from

700°C to 1300°C.

Remember, melting point of rocks

ranges to 800°C to 1400°C.
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How is magma
formed?
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Magmatism
is a process under the earth's
crust where formation and
movement of magma occur.
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Metamorphism
process of changing
materials that make up
the rock.
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2
TYPES OF
METAMORPHISM
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Regional Metamorphism

- happens over large region of the crust where high

temperature and pressure is present .
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Contact Metamorphism

- happens on layers of rocks having contact with heat

(magma).
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Magma Formation
crust and mantle are almost
entirely solid, indicating
magma only forms in special
places where pre-existing solid
rocks undergo melting.
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Partial Melting
different minerals in rock melt
at different temperature and
pressure. it occurs in the lower
crust and upper mantle.
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Page 07 of 10

PROCESS

3
OF MAGMA
FORMATION
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Decompression Melting
the decrease in pressure
affecting a hot mantle rock
at a constant temperature
permits melting forming
magma.
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Flux Melting
happens when every high
temperature material in the
mantle ks added with water
vapor and CO2.
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Heat Transfer Melting

transforming solid mantle
into liquid magma by
simply applying heat.
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What happens now

after magma formed?
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As magma cools the elements

within the magma combine and
crystalize into minerals that
form an igneous rock.
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Igneous Rocks
igneous rocks form when
magma (molten rock) cools
and crystallizes.
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TYPES OF

2
IGNEOUS ROCKS
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Intrusive Rocks

magma tag cools slowly

without ever reaching the
surface.
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Extrusive Rocks
produced when magma
exits and cools above (or
very near) the earth's
surface.
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Metamorphic Rocks
rocks form when rocks are
subjected to high heat, high
pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or,
more commonly, some combination
of these factors.
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TYPES OF

2 METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
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Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

- rock that has distinct and repetitive layers,

sometimes these layers are very differently textured
or colored.
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Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

- rocks are crystals with blocky shapes and do not

have banding.
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Quiz
Quiz
Quiz
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Kindly get 1 / 4 sheet of paper.

Directions : Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Geologic process occurs beneath the earth's surface.

A. Endogenic Processes
B. Geological Processes
C. Exogenic Processes
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2. An internal heat generated during earth formation.

A. Accretional Heat
B. Radioactive Heat
C. Primordial Heat

3. _____ is produced during radioactive decay.

A. Electrons
B. Heat
C. Protons
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4. Sea floor spreading is a best example of what ways of

forming a magma?
A. Decompression Melting
B. Heat Transfer Melting
C. Flux Melting

5. Process under the earth's crust where formation and

movement of magma occur.
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A. Metamorphism
B. Magmatism
C. Crystallization
 Presentation of Group 1

Thank You

E A RT H S C I E N C E
So Much!
G11 ST - 2D