TYPHOONS

What do you
commonly
experience during
typhoons?
1.Floods
2.Landslides
3.Excessive rain
4.Strong winds.
 WEATHER BUREAU IS KNOWN AS
Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical, and
Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
uses in warning the people
during severe weather.
 PAGASA monitors
tropical cyclone
activity and issues
warnings within its
area of responsibility.
•PAR- Philippine Area of
Responsibility, the
imaginary boundary in
the pronouncement of
incoming and outgoing of
typhoon.
 METEOROLOGY
STUDY OF WEATHER AND
CLIMATE
METEOROLOGIST
A PERSON WHO STUDIES
ABOUT WEATHER AND
CLIMATE.
 Tropical Cyclone is a
system of
thunderstorms that are
moving around a
center.
CLASSIFICATI
ON OF
TROPICAL
CYCLONES
TROPICAL
DEPRESSION (TD) - a
tropical cyclone with
maximum sustained
winds of up to 61
kilometers per hour
TROPICAL STORM
(TS) - a tropical
cyclone with
maximum wind speed
of 62 to 88 kph
SEVERE TROPICAL
STORM (STS) , a
tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed of
89 to 117 kph.
TYPHOON (TY) -
a tropical cyclone
with maximum
wind speed of 118
to 184 kph.
SUPER TYPHOON
(STY) - a tropical
cyclone with maximum
wind speed exceeding
185 kph
 Typhoon is just
one category of
tropical cyclones.
In the Philippines, tropical cyclones (typhoons)
are called bagyo.Tropical cyclones entering the 
Philippine Area of Responsibility are given a
local name by the 
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astro
nomical Services Administration
 (PAGASA), which also raises public storm
signal warnings as deemed necessary. Around
19 tropical cyclones or storms enter the
Philippine Area of Responsibility in a typical
year and of these usually 6 to 9 make landfall.
 Bagyo is called tropical cyclone by
scientists. A tropical cyclone is just a
system of thunderstorms that move
around a center.
The public uses the word bagyo for all
types of tropical cyclones. But scientists
have subdivided tropical cyclones into
four categories depending on the speed of
the wind.
 The term typhoon is used only in the
northwestern part of the Pacific
Ocean. In the northeastern part of the
Pacific Ocean and in the northern part
of the Atlantic Ocean, the equivalent
term is hurricane. Thus, a hurricane on
one side of the Pacific Ocean will be
called a typhoon if it crosses into the
other side.
 In the Philippines, we use
the same word for all
categories of tropical
cyclones. We call it bagyo
whether it is a tropical
depression, a tropical storm
or a typhoon.
A mature typhoon
can roughly be
divided into three
regions
THE EYE IS A REGION
OF MOSTLY CALM
WEATHER FOUND AT
THE CENTER OF
TROPICAL CYCLONES
Eye Wall: A ring of
cumulonimbus clouds that
swirl around the eye. The
heaviest precipitation and
strongest winds are
found here.
Rain bands - Curved bands
of clouds and thunderstorms
that trail away from the eye
wall in a spiral fashion.
These bands are capable of
producing heavy bursts of rain
and wind, as well as tornadoes.
 Coriolis Effect
makes things (like
planes or currents of
air) traveling long
distances around
Earth appear to
move at a curve as
opposed to a straight
line.
 It is clear from the maps that all four
tropical cyclones started out in the Pacific
Ocean. Tropical cyclones usually form
where there is warm water. The
temperature should be 26.5°C or more.
The warm ocean water heats up the air
above it. The warm air then rises. The
rising warm air results in a low-pressure
area. Air in the surroundings will then
move toward the area.
Now, there is water vapor in the rising
warm air. The water vapor soon
condenses and heat is given off. The
heat makes the air rise even more,
and air in the surroundings will keep
coming in. The air starts to spin, and a
tropical cyclone is born.
Our country is located near the
equator. Thus, it is warm in
the vicinity of the Philippines,
both on land and in the
surrounding bodies of water.
The warm water supplies the
water vapor that a tropical
cyclone needs to keep it going.
The Philippines is
considered a tropical
country because it's near
the equator and it
experiences wet and dry
seasons only, unlike the
other countries having 4
seasons due to its location.
The tropical cyclones move in a
northwest direction. Not all
tropical cyclones move this
way. But this is the general rule
for those that start from the
Pacific Ocean.
 The reason is because
there are large-scale
winds that push the
tropical cyclones in that
direction.
An equator
is an imaginary
line around the
middle of a
planet or other
celestial body.
Latitudes are
horizontal
lines that
measure
distance
north or
south of the
equator.
Longitudes
are vertical
lines that
measure east
or west of the
meridian in
Greenwich,
England.
 WHY DO TYPHOONS WEAKEN AS THEY
PASS OVER LAND?
Tropical cyclones weaken when they hit land.
They die out over land because they need
warm water to sustain them. They need water
vapor to keep them going. Even when the
tropical cyclone is still in a body of water, it
may weaken and die out if the water is cold.
 What are the importance of
tracking and monitoring a
tropical cyclone?
An accurate track forecast is
important, because if the track
forecast is incorrect,
forecasts for intensity, rainfall,
storm surge, and tornado
threat will also be incorrect.
Plot the following points on the map.
 The typhoon is INSIDE
The PAR.

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

 If a typhoon is located at
15°N, 138°E, is it within the
PAR?

THE TYPHOON IS OUTSIDE

THE PAR.
 If the typhoon is at
19°N, 120°E, is it inside
the PAR?
- THE TYPHOON IS
INSIDE THE PAR
 The points that are located at
longitudes less than 115°E and
more than 135°E will lie outside
the map. But even when a storm is
still outside the PAR, PAGASA is
already monitoring it. And even
when it has already left the PAR,
there is still a chance that it will
return.
- When weather disturbance enters the Philippine
Area of Responsibility (PAR), the weather bureau
begins to monitor it.
- The Area of Responsibility lies at 24° N, 134° E. 
- The exact dimensions of this domain are the area of
the Western North Pacific bounded by imaginary
lines connecting
the coordinates: 5°N 115°E, 15°N 115°E, 21°N
120°E, 25°N 135°E and 5°N 135°E. The western
boundary of the PAR is closer to the coastline of
the country than the eastern boundary.
 Use the latitude and longitude to track the
location of Typhoon XYZ.
Plot the following points on the map with the PAR.
POINTS LATITUDE (°N) LONGITUDE (°E)
A 10 116
B 11 118
C 10 119
D 10 120
E 9 121
F 9 126
G 8 128
H 7 131
I 6 133
J 5 135
 Use the latitude and longitude to track the
location of Typhoon Yolanda.
Plot the following points on the map with the PAR.
 Use the latitude and longitude to track the
location of Typhoon Yolanda.
Plot the following points on the map with the PAR.
 Use the latitude and longitude to track the
location of Typhoon Yolanda.
Plot the following points on the map with the PAR.
 Use the latitude and longitude to track the
location of Typhoon Yolanda.
Plot the following points on the map with the PAR.
 And unlike earthquakes,
tropical cyclones cause a lot
of agricultural damage,
destroying plants, trees,
and crops that cost up to
hundreds of millions of
pesos.
Are You Prepared?
Tropical cyclones by themselves
are already dangerous. But they
also cause other hazards. Those
who live near hill and mountain
slopes are susceptible to
landslides during stormy
weather.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS (PSWS)
PSWS # 1
What it means
A tropical cyclone will affect the
locality
Winds of 30-60 kph may be
expected in at least 36 hours or
irregular rains may be expected
within 36 hours
The following may happen
Twigs and branches of small trees are
broken
Some banana plants are tilted or downed
Some houses of very light materials
partially unroofed
Rice crops suffer significant damage in its
flowering stage
What to do
Watch out for big waves
Listen to severe weather
bulletin issued by
PAGASA
PSWS # 2
What it means
A tropical cyclone will affect the
locality
Winds of greater than 60 kph up to
100 kph may be expected in at least
24 hours
The following may happen
Large number of nipa and cogon houses may be
partially or totally unroofed
Some old galvanized iron roof may be peeled off
Winds may bring light to moderate damage to
exposed communities
Some coconut trees may be tilted while few are
broken
Few big trees may be uprooted
Many banana plants may be downed
Rice and corn may be adversely affected
What to do
Avoid riding in small seacraft
Those who travel by sea and
air should avoid unnecessary
risks
Postpone outdoor activities
of children
PSWS # 3
What it means
A tropical cyclone will affect locality
Winds of greater than 100 kph to
185 kph may be expected in at least
18 hours
The following may happen
Many coconut trees broken or destroyed
Almost all banana plants downed and a large number
of trees uprooted
Rice and corn crops suffer heavy losses
Majority of all nipa and cogon houses uprooted or
destroyed; considerable damage to structures of light
to medium construction
Widespread disruption of electrical power and
communication services
Moderate to heavy damage experienced in
agricultural and indistrial sectors
What to do
Avoid riding in any seacraft
Seek shelter in strong buildings
Evacuate from low-lying areas
Stay away from coasts and river
banks
PSWS # 4
What it means
A very intense typhoon will affect
locality
very strong winds of more than 185
kph maybe expected in at least 12
hours
The following may happen
Coconut plantation may suffer extensive damage
Many large trees maybe uprooted
Rice and corn plantation may suffer severe losses
Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed
construction maybe severely damaged
Electrical power distribution and communication
services maybe severely disrupted
Damage to affected communities ca be very heavy
What to do
All travels and outdoor activities
should be cancelled
Evacuation to safer shelters should
have been completed by now
The locality is very likely to be hit
directly by the eye of the typhoon.
 To be fully prepared for tropical
cyclones, you should also put together
an emergency kit which includes the
following: drinking water, canned
goods, can opener, radio, flashlight,
extra batteries, clothes, blanket, and
first aid kit. You never know when you
will need it. You must learn how to
rely on yourself. In times of disaster, it
may take a while before help arrives.
Which country has the most
typhoons?
1.CHINA
2.PHILIPPINES
3.JAPAN
4.USA
Typhoon Rai, known in the Philippines as
Typhoon Odette, was a powerful and
catastrophic tropical cyclone that struck the
Philippines.
Dates: Dec 12, 2021 – Dec 22, 2021
Fatalities: 410 total, 80 missing
Damage: $794.72 million (2021 USD); (Third-
costliest in Philippine history)
Highest winds: 10-minute sustained: 195 km/h
(120 mph); 1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160
mph)
Lowest pressure: 915 hPa (mbar); 27.02 inHg
Affected areas: Philippines, Hong Kong, Palau, 
Macao, Caroline Islands, Spratly Islands
 Typhoon Haiyan, known in the Philippines
as Typhoon Yolanda, was one of the strongest 
tropical cyclones ever recorded, which
devastated portions of Southeast Asia,
particularly the Philippines, on November 8,
2013.It is the deadliest Philippine typhoon on
record,killing at least 6,300 people in that
country alone.Haiyan is also the strongest storm
recorded at landfall, and unofficially the
strongest typhoon ever recorded in terms of
wind speed.As of January 2014, bodies were
still being found.
 Formed November 3, 2013
Dissipated November 11, 2013
Highest winds 10-minute sustained:230
km/h (145 mph)
1-minute sustained:315
km/h (195 mph)

Lowest pressure 895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg

(Estimated)

Fatalities 6,340 confirmed, 1,061

missing
Damage $2.86 billion (2013 USD)
(Preliminary total)
Areas affected •Micronesia
•Philippines
•Southern China
•Vietnam
Typhoon Haiyan at peak intensity on
November 7
Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Haiyan from
peak intensity to landfall in the Philippines
 The cyclone caused
catastrophic destruction in the 
Visayas, particularly on Samar
 and Leyte. According to UN
officials, about 11 million
people have been affected –
many have been left homeless.
 A storm surge is a rise in sea
level that occurs during tropical
cyclones, intense storms also
known as typhoons or hurricanes.
The storms produce strong winds
that push the water into shore,
which can lead to flooding. This
makes storm surges very
dangerous for coastal regions.
Storm surges and tsunamis are generated by quite different
phenomena. While both can cause inundation and
significant damage in coastal regions, they have quite
different characteristics.
A storm surge is generated by weather systems forcing water
onshore over a generally limited stretch of coastline. It will
normally build up over a time frame of a few hours, as the
cyclone or similar weather system approaches. Normally
wind-waves on top of the surge will contribute to its effect.
A Tsunami is generated by earthquakes, undersea landslides,
volcanic eruptions, explosions or meteorites. These travel
great distances, sometimes across entire oceans affecting
vast lengths of coastal land.
 A storm surge is primarily
caused by the relationship
between the winds and the
ocean’s surface. The water
level rises where the winds are
strongest. In addition, water is
pushed in the direction the
winds are blowing .