PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH

WRITING
FIRST PRINCIPLE:
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
- the choice of topic may be up to the
speaker, but more often than not, the
speaker is given the topic because it is the
central theme of a program, conference,
or presentation.
 THE TOPIC SHOULD BE :
A. Timely- meaning in existence at the present time
(unless a historical event is the reason for the gathering.
B. It should be INTERESTING TO YOU- (the speaker),
of course, so that you will be enthusiastic in preparing
and delivering the speech. At the same time it should be
INTERESTING TO YOUR AUDIENCE so that they
will focus on your speech and nothing else.
C. New- has not been heard before by the
listeners, is an attention grabber and may
help prevent boredom in your audience.
D. Controversial- it encourages the audience to
listen carefully so they can choose a side or find
additional reasons for believing in their chosen
side.
 NOTE:
*When choosing a topic, the speaker must be ever
mindful of the culture of the speaker and the
listener, their ages, their gender as well as their
social status and religious affiliation.
*it is good advice for the speaker to choose a topic
that is at the level of knowledge of both the
speaker and the audience.
 SECOND PRINCIPLE:
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
A. Get or guess the demographic data of the audience: age,
gender, ethnic background, occupation, economic and social
status, and so on, especially if one is addressing business
group, a student club, or a community organization.
B. Know the groups to which your audience belongs
C. How your audience feels about the topic
D. How the audience feel about you.
 THIRD PRINCIPLE: SOURCING
THE INFORMATION
A. Finding materials to support the speech.
B. the best resource are people
C. Information for any speech topic must be
relevant, timely, level of knowledge of both the
speaker and the audience, without offending any
listener.
 FOURTH PRINCIPLE:
OUTLINING THE SPEECH
CONTENT
A. Sort the information
B. Organize the speech itself
 TYPES OF OUTLINES
1. Chronological Outline- a historical/time approach
like from the past to present.
Example: Development of Ilocos Region from Martial
Law to the Present
2. Spatial/Geographical Outline- going from one place
to another, from one direction to another.
Example: The Heritage Churches of Pampanga
3. Cause and Effect Outline- involves a discussion of both cause
and effect of an issue.
Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay
4. Problem-Solution Outline- explains a problem and suggests a
possible solution.
Example: Cleaning Up Manila Bay
5. Topical Outline- divides the topic into subtopics based on the
importance or interest value or simply because the topic requires
it; for topics that do not fall under any of the previously
mentioned outlines.
Example: Social Media Have Made Us Antisocial
 THREE TECHNIQUES FOR
WRITING THE SPEECH
1. Write the body first
2. Write the conclusion first
3. Write the introduction first
1. WRITING THE BODY OF THE
SPEECH
-This is the first technique, filling in the
content of the speech later with
supporting materials. Then afterwards
write the introduction and conclusion.
2. WRITING THE CONCLUSION

- second technique which is to write the

conclusion first, which many find very
helpful because it shows what the speech
ends with.
3. WRITING THE
INTRODUCTION
-third technique is writing of introduction
first to guide the speech in the direction
one wants it to go, then filling in the body
and writing the conclusion.
-Remember that in writing an extemporaneous(and even
impromptu) speech, only the introduction and conclusion can be
written out in full. The body of the speech should remain in
outline form.
-whichever technique works for you, the speech, as written,
should flow logically from one point to another. This logical
progression makes it easy for the speaker to deliver the speech
whether in full form like the manuscript or memorized speech or
in outline form like the impromptu and extemporaneous
speeches. As a reminder do not forget the audience when writing
the speech. They may have their own ideas and opinions about
the topic that may not necessarily agree with those of the speaker.