Data and Digital

Communication
TF 10:30 AM to 12:00 PM
 Vision
A distinctively strong Christian University integrating
faith, character and service in building up and
enhancing the quality of life.
 Mission
We, at Philippine Christian University, a church-related academic
institution, commit ourselves to;
•Provide an education that will enhance the development of Christian
character.
•Promote academic excellence and the highest quality education.
•Be responsive to Philippine needs and conditions.
•Become responsible stewards of God’s creation and resources.
•Foster international understanding and goodwill.
•Support the ecumenical movement.
What is Data and Digital Communication?

Data - refers to a collection of organized information,

usually the results of experience, observation or
experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of
numbers, words, or images, particularly as
measurements or observations of a set of variables.
 What is Data and Communication?
Communication - something that is
communicated by, to, or between people or
groups.
- It is a process that allows organisms to
exchange information by several methods.
Communication requires that all parties understand a common
language that is exchanged.
- is the process of transferring information
from a sender to a receiver with the use of a
medium in which the communicated
information is understood by both sender
and receiver.
What is Data Communication?

DC– is the transfer of digital or analog data using digital

or analog signals.
- is the movement of computer information from one
point to another by means of electrical or optical
transmission systems.
Importance of Data Communication (DC)

1. It is commonly used in the world of business, and it

is being used more in homes as well.
2. It is becoming an integral part of our daily activities.
3. The more modern a society becomes, the more
dependent that society is upon the use of data
communication.
Network
- It is a series of points that are connected by
some type of communication channel. Each
point is typically a computer, switching
equipment, printer, FAX machine or other
devices.
- It is an interconnected collection of
autonomous computers.
Data Communication Network

- It is a collection of data communication circuits

managed as a single entity.
Data Communication System

- It is a collection of data communication networks and

the people that enter that data, received the data,
and manage and control the networks.
Functions of Data Communications

1. It must provide information to the right people in a

timely manner.
2. A data communication system needs to capture
business data as it is being produced.
3. Data communication system allow people and
business in different geographical locations to
communicate with one another.
Major Components of Data
Communication

1. Source of communication
2. Medium of communication
3. Receiver of communication
Computer Network / Data Communication
Network
Major Criteria that a Data Communication
Network must meet:
1. Performance - is defined as the rate of
transferring error free data.
2. Consistency - predictability of response time
and accuracy of data
3. Reliability – is the measure of how often a
network is useable.
4. Recovery - is the Network's ability to return to a
prescribed level of operation after a
network failure.
5. Security - is the protection of Hardware, Software
and Data from unauthorized access.
Factors that Affect the Response Time of a
Network
1. Number of Users on the System
2. Transmission Speed
3. Type of Transmission Medium
4. Types of Hardware Used
5. Types of Software Used
Factors to Consider when Choosing a
Network

1. Predictability of Response Time

2. Accuracy of Data Transmitted
3. Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF)
Examples of Network Failure

1. Breakdown in Hardware
2. Breakdown in Data Carrying Medium
3. Breakdown in the Network Controlling Software or
Operating System
 Basic reason why computers are
interconnected:

1. To share resources (files, printers, drives, etc.)

2. To share applications (word, spreadsheet, presentation, etc.)
3. To increase productivity
4. To save money
5. To protect the system (High reliability)
Three (3) basic types of Computer
Network
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
3. WAN (Wide Area Network)
Three (3) basic types of Computer Network

 Local area network (LAN), which is

usually a small network constrained to a
small geographic area. (2 Km)
 Wide area network (WAN) that is usually a
larger network that covers a large
geographic area. (more than 50 Km )
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) city
wide network (within 50 Km)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
This are privately owned network that serves users within a confined
geographical area. (within an office, a building or group of buildings, a
campus )
Is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited
area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or
office building and has its network equipment and interconnects
locally managed.
 Two (2) most common transmission technologies

1. Ethernet
2. Wi-Fi

Others (Historical)
• Apple's AppleTalk network system
• ARCNET
• Token Ring
 Ethernet
Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area
networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe.
•When first widely deployed in the 1980s, Ethernet supported a maximum
theoretical data rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Later, so-called
"Fast Ethernet" standards increased this maximum data rate to 100 Mbps.
Gigabit Ethernet technology further extends peak performance up to 1000
Mbps, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology also exists.
•Higher level network protocols like Internet Protocol (IP) use Ethernet as
their transmission medium. Data travels over Ethernet inside protocol units
called frames.
•The run length of individual >Ethernet cables is limited to roughly 100
meters, but Ethernet networks can be easily extended to link entire
schools or office buildings using network bridge devices.
 Wi-Fi
• Wi-Fi is the industry name for wireless local area network
(WLAN) communication technology related to the IEEE 802.11
family of wireless networking standards. Wi-Fi technology
became popular starting with 802.11b, introduced in 1999 and
the first standard in that family to enjoy mainstream adoption.
For more about the name “Wi-Fi”, see: Wi-Fi - The Technology
Formerly Known as Wireless Fidelity

VS
 AppleTalk

was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by

Apple Inc. for their Macintosh computers. AppleTalk includes a
number of features that allow local area networks to be
connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized
router or server of any sort. Connected AppleTalk-equipped
systems automatically assign addresses, update the distributed
namespace, and configure any required inter-networking routing.

AppleTalk was released in 1985, and was the primary protocol

used by Apple devices through the 1980s and 1990s. Versions
were also released for the IBM PC and compatibles and the
Apple IIGS. AppleTalk support was also available in most
networked printers (especially laser printers), some file servers,
and a number of routers.
 Attached Resource Computer
NETwork (ARCNET or ARCnet)

• is a communications protocol for local

area networks. ARCNET was the first
widely available networking system for
microcomputers; it became popular in the
1980s for office automation tasks. It was
later applied to embedded systems where
certain features of the protocol are
especially useful.
 Token Ring
• a communications protocol for local area networks. It uses a
special three-byte frame called a "token" that travels around
a logical "ring" of workstations or servers. This token passing
is a channel access method providing fair access for all
stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based
access methods.
• Introduced by IBM in 1984, it was then standardized with
protocol IEEE 802.5 and was fairly successful, particularly in
corporate environments, but gradually eclipsed by the later
versions of Ethernet.
 StarLAN

• was the first IEEE 802.3 standard for Ethernet over

twisted pair wiring. It was standardized by the
standards association of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 802.3e in 1986, as
the 1BASE5 version of Ethernet. The StarLAN Task
Force was chaired by Bob Galin.
 The following characteristics differentiate
one LAN from another:

• Topology: The geometric arrangement of devices on the

network. For example, devices can be arranged in a ring or in a
straight line.
• Protocols: The rules and encoding specifications for sending
data. The protocols also determine whether the network uses a
peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.
• Media: Devices can be connected by twisted-pair wire, coaxial
cables, or fiber optic cables. Some networks do without
connecting media altogether, communicating instead via radio
waves.
 Wi-Fi and 802.11
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) develops many technology standards for the
industry, including a set of local area network (LAN)
standards numbered as 802.
• Among all the IEEE 802 standards, the workgroup
specifically focused on WLAN technology is called
802.11.
• Most people associate "Wi-Fi" with one of the five
general-purpose 802.11 WLAN standards:
• 802.11a
• 802.11b
• 802.11g
• 802.11n
• 802.11ac
next meeting.
1.Surprise Quiz 1 prelim
2.Type of Network Devices