Pengenalan

Material
 Klasifikasi material
 Logam

 Keramik
 Komposit

 polymer

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 logam
Material yang tersusun atas satu atau
berbagai jenis material logam
 Logam murni= tersusun atas satu jenis
logam, bisa dilihat langsung di tabel
periodik (besi=Fe, Tembaga=Cu,
Seng=Zn)
 Logam alloy/paduan= logam yang
tersusun atas minimal dua jenis logam
(tidak bereaksi kimia, hanya larut, tidak
bisa dilihat unsur penyusunnya secara
makro), (Baja=Fe+C, stainless
steel=Fe+Cr, Kuningan=Cu+Zn)
 keramik
Material yang tersusun atas minimal 2 jenis
unsur (antara logam dengan non-logam),
dimana terjadi reaksi kimia dan tidak bisa
dilihat unsur penyusunnya secara makro,
(Fe2O3=Fe+O2, Al2O3=Al+O2, SiC=Si+C)
 Keramik tradisional (dari alam komposisi
bermacam-macam)
 Keramik teknik (buatan, komposisi
tertentu)

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 komposit
 Material yang tersusun atas minimal
dua jenis material (tidak bereaksi
kimia, hanya menempel, bisa dilihat
material penyusunnya secara makro)
 Body kapal=fiber+resin

 Ban kendaraan= kawat+karet

 Beton=pasir

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 polymer
Material yang memiliki rantai ikatan
kimia yang sangat panjang
 Thermoplastik (bisa dibentuk ulang),
PP, HDPE, PET
 Thermoset (tidak bisa dibentuk
ulang), resin epoxy

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Functional Classification of Materials

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 Material properties

1. Physical properties
2. Mechanical properties
3. Chemical properties
 Physical properties
 Colour –light wave length
 Specific heat – the heat required to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree centigrade (J/kg K)
 Density – mass per unit volume expressed in such
units as kg/cm 3
 Thermal conductivity –rate at which heat flows
through a given material (W/m K)
 Melting point – a temperature at which a solid begins
to liquify
 Electrical conductivity – a measure of how strongly
a material opposes the flow of electric current (Ω⋅m)
 Coefficient of thermal expansion – degree of
expansion divided by the change in temperature
(m/°C)
 Mechanical properties
 Tensile strength – measures the force
required to pull something such as rope,wire or
a structural beam to the point where it breaks
 Ductility – a measure of how much strain a
material can take before rupturing
 Malleability – the property of a material that
can be worked or hammered or shaped without
breaking
 Brittleness –breaking or shattering of a
material when subjected to stress (when force
is applied to it)
 Elasticity – the property of a material that
returns to its original shape after stress (e.g.
external forces) that made it deform or distort
is removed
 Plasticity - the deformation of a material
undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in
response to applied forces
 Toughness – the ability of a material to
absorb energy and plastically deform without
fracturing
 Hardness – the property of being rigid and
resistant to pressure; not easily scratched
 Machinability – the property of a material
that can be shaped by hammering, pressing,
rolling
 Chemical properties
 Corrosion resistance - a material's ability to
resist deterioration caused by exposure to an
environment
 Flammability - How easily something will burn
or ignite
 Heat of Combustion - This chemical property is
the amount of energy that is released as heat
when a substance is burned with oxygen.
 Toxicity - How much a substance can damage an
animal, plant, cell, organ, or other organism
 Radioactivity - The emission of radiation from
an atom with an unstable nucleus