CEILING

MATERIALS . FINISHES . DETAILS . VARIATIONS

PENTICOSTES . FRANCISCO . DARIA . MADRID . LOPEZ

 WHAT IS A CEILING?
•  The overhead surface or surfaces covering a room, and the
underside of a floor or a roof. Ceilings are often used to
hide floor and roof construction. They have been favourite
places for decoration from the earliest times: either by
painting the flat surface, by emphasizing the structural
members of roof or floor, or by treating it as a field for an
overall pattern of relief.
 TYPES OF CEILING DESIGN
Tin Ceilings
• Originating in the late 1800s, metal panels
were added to ceilings as a decorative
element. Fabricated to imitate hand-
sculpted plaster, these less-expensive
alternatives were coated in tin, hence the
name. A variety of finishes are available
that are easily attached to a ceiling,
regardless of ceiling height.
 Exposed Ceiling
Beams, trusses or system piping are revealed in
an exposed ceiling. Wooden beams and trusses
found in original construction of older homes
lend a sense of history to a room. Fabricated
beams made to look like wood can also be
attached to a ceiling. Exposed system elements,
such as duct work and piping, give a modernist,
loft ambiance to a room, creating an open and
industrial feel.
 Tray Ceiling
A tray ceiling begins as a normal ceiling.
The drama begins when it rises, most
often in the center of the room, creating a
recess of at least 6 inches. Tray ceilings
can also be dropped, becoming a floating
false ceiling.
 Coffered Ceiling
Similar to a tray ceiling, a coffered ceiling
has several recesses covering the entire
ceiling surface. Often lined with decorative
molding, coffered ceilings add strength to
the room’s construction. Coffers add height
and depth to the feel of a room.
 Vaulted Ceilings
An architectural design element, a vaulted
ceiling peaks at the center of a room, or
follows the roof line. An off-side vault, or
a simple angle running upwards to the
roof line also adds drama to a room.
Skylights and paint enhance the vault.
 Barrel Vault
Originating in Roman architecture, a barrel vault
looks like a barrel that’s cut in half and tacked to
the ceiling. Found in major rooms of a home or
down a long hallway, barrel vaults in natural
stone or brick are dramatic. A stark, modernist
look for a barrel vault is created with lightly
toned or white paint.
 Domed Ceiling

Unlike a barrel vault, a domed ceiling

opens up a specific area of a room. Often
found in tight hallways or above a
sweeping staircase, the dome is a blank
canvas for a mural. Creative inset lighting
or a cascading chandelier adds to the cachet
of the dome.
 Cove Ceilings
A coved ceiling curves up from the four main
walls of a room and leads to the actual ceiling.
Coving is applied as a molding attached between
the wall and ceiling or is incorporated into the
architecture of the room. Usually painted white
to match the floor molding, a dramatic effect is
achieved with paint or texture. Coves are also
found as arches separating one living space from
another.
MATERIALS
 Wood
Wooden boards are commonly used for the
general structure of a home, and are thus
typically a component of the ceiling. However,
decorative planks are often used to cover the
ceiling, as well. An entire ceiling may be covered
in planks, just like a wooden floor, or may have
strategically placed planks to add interest to an
otherwise plain ceiling. Many types of decorative
molding are also made from wood.
 Brand: Hornitex
Size: 7" x 8 ft. (2.44m)
Coverage: 2.4 pcs./sq.m
Price: P270/pc.

Size: 7" x 12 ft. (3.65m)

Coverage: 1.5 pcs./sq.m
Price: P370/pc.

Accessory:
Type: End Strip J-Moulding
Size: 8 ft. (2.44m)
Colors: Matching
Price: P125/pc.
 Click icon to add picture

Plaster and Plasterboard

Creating a plaster ceiling involves applying
several layers of a plaster paste over strips of
wood. It creates a smooth, hard, attractive
surface that is easily decorated with paints or
more plaster. Plasterboard is made from a similar
material, but is cheaper and easier to install
because it does not require waiting for several
coats of plaster to dry. Plasterboard is
prefabricated into sheets that attach to the ceiling
with screws or nails and then are sealed.
 Metal
Metal is often used as both a structural and
decorative component in a ceiling. A drop or
suspended ceiling is a ceiling that hangs below a
pre-existing ceiling and often hides unattractive
features, such as pipes in a basement, or to
control sound in a noisy location, such as an
office. These ceilings are typically composed of
wires and a metal grid that holds ceiling tiles.
However, metal is also used as a decorative
covering for a ceiling, usually found in embossed
tiles or sheets.
 Tiles
Ceiling tiles are different from floor or wall tiles in that
weight is an issue when decorating a ceiling. Ceiling tiles
are lightweight and made from a wide variety of materials,
such as plastic, metal, fiberglass, mineral fiber, wood fiber,
vinyl-coated gypsum and even cork. Most tiles are
designed for installation in a suspended ceiling system,
though some are designed to stick to a ceiling and are ideal
for decorating a plain ceiling that is in good condition.
Along with their decorative purpose, ceiling tiles are often
designed to control noise levels in a room.
 Tiles
Lumawash 24" x 24"
24-in x 24-in Lumawash panels offer a smooth
bright white finish and meets USDA/FSIS
guidelines for use in food preparation areas.
Installs in our Prelude 15/16-in Suspended
Ceiling Installation System.
Price: 125/Sq. Ft.
 Stucco

Stucco or render is a material made of

aggregates, a binder and water. Stucco is
applied wet and hardens to a very dense
solid. It is used as a decorative coating for
walls and ceilings, and as a sculptural and
artistic material in architecture
 Plaster

Plaster is a building material used

for the protective and/or decorative
coating of walls and ceilings and for
moulding and casting decorative
elements.
 Mineral wool

Mineral wool is a general name for fiber

materials that are formed by spinning or
drawing molten minerals. Applications of
mineral wool include thermal insulation,
filtration, soundproofing, and hydroponic
growth medium.
 Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride, also known as

poly vinyl or vinyl, commonly
abbreviated PVC, is the world's
third-most widely produced synthetic
plastic polymer, after polyethylene
and polypropylene. PVC comes in
two basic forms: rigid and flexible.
 Plaster
o Plain Plaster -This is plain cement plastering that could be used as base for
other types of ceiling finishing.
o Sand face plastering - A cement mortar with a 1:4 cement and coarse sand
ratio is applied. After a week, the second coat is applied this time in a 1:3
ratio. The result is a plaster finish that has a sandy look and feel.
o Rough Cast Plaster - The plaster is a mix of sand and gravel splattered on
wet cement plaster. The finishing has a rustic feel.
o Pebbled Dash Plaster - It is the same as rough cast plaster but 6mm
pebbles are used instead.
Plaster and Plasterboard

Price:₱380.00
Model:R1248b
Brand: BORAL Product
Code:2100190000281
Size:12mm x 4ft x 8ft
 Metal
Metal is often used as both a structural and
decorative component in a ceiling. A drop or
suspended ceiling is a ceiling that hangs below a
pre-existing ceiling and often hides unattractive
features, such as pipes in a basement, or to control
sound in a noisy location, such as an office. These
ceilings are typically composed of wires and a
metal grid that holds ceiling tiles. However, metal
is also used as a decorative covering for a ceiling,
usually found in embossed tiles or sheets.
 Metal
Brand: METALWORKS Tegular
Sound Absorption: Up to 0.70
Sound Blocking: Up to 40
Light Reflectance: 77%
Recycled Content: 25%
Fire Performance: Class A (FM)
Durability: Soil Resistance, Scrubbability,
Washability
 DRYWALL

Drywall is a panel made of gypsum

plaster pressed between two thick
sheets of paper.
It’s quick, easy to use and cheap to
install.
 DRYWALL SIZES

The standard and most common size is

8 feet by 4 feet.
Thickness – half inch or 5/8 inch panels
to prevent the ceiling from sagging
 Mainly imported from China
FINISHES
 Plaster

Plaster is a building material used for the

protective and/or decorative coating of
walls and ceilings and for moulding and
casting decorative elements.
 Popcorn Ceilings- Popcorn ceilings are a
form of spray-on plaster mixed with plastic,
foam or other material. The texture is
considered an acoustical spray-on material
that creates additional sound-proofing in a
room. Once applied, it forms mounds or
peaks on the ceiling. These are left in place
and not smoothed down. The ceiling plaster
is left unfinished, or a coat of paint may be
applied. 
 TYPES
Orange peel- Orange peel texture is a very
light, sprayed-on plaster that covers drywall
flaws in the ceiling. The texture is created
from joint compound mixed with water, and
the effect mimics the actual orange fruit's
outer surface. Orange peel texture only
creates a small amount of plaster relief and
may not always hide all drywall
imperfections.
 Skip trowel- Skip trowel textures are
exactly that: created by a drywall trowel
that moves and jumps across the
surface. Small amounts of joint
compound are stamped onto the surface
with a trowel. Stamping on the wet
plaster creates peaks in the compound.
These peaks are then knocked down to
form large islands of texture. 
 STUCCO

Stucco or render is a material made of

aggregates, a binder and water. Stucco is
applied wet and hardens to a very dense
solid. It is used as a decorative coating for
walls and ceilings, and as a sculptural and
artistic material in architecture
 Mud swirl
Firstly sand the ceiling paying attention to
the perimeters
Apply mud to the ceiling then
immediately create swirls with a swirling
brush before it dries up
Perform in rows with the second row
overlapping the first and the third
overlapping the second until the whole
ceiling is complete.
 Brush textures

are very popular, they

look good and are easy to do.
the use of a drywall texture brush. This
brush can be used for simple fast textures to
unusual and unique texture
that are eye catching.
 Skim coating

used in areas with high humidity, bathrooms

and kitchens, or when homeowners want to
put wallpaper on the ceiling.
flat surface to even imperfections so that
hanging wallpaper will be easier or to
provide a surface that is easy to clean.
consists of a very thin coating of all-purpose
drywall mud applied with a 10- or 12-inch
trowel.
 Acoustic drywall texture
the specially made popcorn texture must be
mixed into mud or joint compound and applied
via a special machine equipped with an air hose.
Glitter or other decorations may be added to the
mixture for special effects.
Easy to remove. Simply spray the area with
water and scrape it with a knife.
 Lime plaster
Lime plaster is a type of plaster
composed of sand, water, and lime,
usually non-hydraulic hydrated lime.
Ancient lime plaster often contained
horse hair for reinforcement and
pozzolan additives to reduce the
working time.
DRYWALL TEXTURE FINISHES
There are two types:-
 Spray only - Acoustic drywall
Orange peel drywall
Knockdown drywall

Hand applied - Mud swirl

Brush textures
Skim coating
DETAILS