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    Abadish Nadeem
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    The document discusses the strategic culture of Pakistan. It defines strategic culture as the particular approach of each state towards its security policy, shaped by ideas, values, attitudes and behaviors rooted in culture. It then outlines the key determinants of Pakistan's strategic culture, including its security competition with India over issues like Kashmir; instability caused by Afghanistan and border disputes; ideological differences with India; and identification with conservative Islamic causes to pursue foreign policy goals. The strategic culture of Pakistan is characterized by opposition to Indian hegemony, pursuit of nuclear deterrence, and changing orientation from reliance on the US to China over time.

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    12. Strategic Culture (1)

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    The document discusses the strategic culture of Pakistan. It defines strategic culture as the particular approach of each state towards its security policy, shaped by ideas, values, attitudes and behaviors rooted in culture. It then outlines the key determinants of Pakistan's strategic culture, including its security competition with India over issues like Kashmir; instability caused by Afghanistan and border disputes; ideological differences with India; and identification with conservative Islamic causes to pursue foreign policy goals. The strategic culture of Pakistan is characterized by opposition to Indian hegemony, pursuit of nuclear deterrence, and changing orientation from reliance on the US to China over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    5 views8 pages

    Strategic Culture

    Uploaded by

    Abadish Nadeem
    The document discusses the strategic culture of Pakistan. It defines strategic culture as the particular approach of each state towards its security policy, shaped by ideas, values, attitudes and behaviors rooted in culture. It then outlines the key determinants of Pakistan's strategic culture, including its security competition with India over issues like Kashmir; instability caused by Afghanistan and border disputes; ideological differences with India; and identification with conservative Islamic causes to pursue foreign policy goals. The strategic culture of Pakistan is characterized by opposition to Indian hegemony, pursuit of nuclear deterrence, and changing orientation from reliance on the US to China over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    LECTURE #12/INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

    Strategic Culture of Pakistan


    BASHARATULLAH
    Meaning and Definiton
     Particular approach of each state towards it security
    policy
     Culture; ideas, values, attitudes and behaviours
     Culture is the root and foundation of strategy.
     Stephen Rosen defines SC as it is made up of shared
    beliefs and assumptions that frame international military
    behavior particularly those concerning decisions to go to
    war, offensive and defensive modes of warfare etc.
     Long hurst defines SC as a distinctive body of beliefs,
    attitudes and practices regarding the use of force.
     It portrays a historical sketch.
    Sources of strategic culture
    Political culture
     A political culture is a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that
    shapes their political behavior. It includes moral judgments, political myths,
    beliefs, and ideas about what makes for a good society. ... Political cultures
    matter because they shape a population's political perceptions and actions
     Pakistan evolve in Islamic fashion.
     Solidarity for Kashmir, Palestine etc
    Strategic Environment
     Geographic Location
     Relations with Neighbors
     Pakistan is a lower Riparian country
     Sandwich b/w India and Afghanistan
    Determinants of Pak’s SC
    Security competition with India
     Unfair partition
     Role of India in separation of Dhaka
     Kashmir, Junagarh, Hyder abad
    Afghanistan as source of Instablity
     Durand line issue
     Pak wanted Afghanistan as “Strategic depth”
     Claims on Baluchistan, FATA and NWFP
     Aid to Baloch and Pashtun separtists
     Pakistan believed that the active Indian Presence in Afg is pushing Pak for two
    from war.
    Cont…

    Ideological Difference with India


     Indian hatred for Muslim
     Citizenship amendment Act
     Dismantled Babari mosque
     Hostile attitude in Kashmir

    Indian hegemonic attitude


     Extremists in India still dream of akhund Bharat (undivided India)
     Pakistan SC is to prevent India becoming hegemon in SA.

    Identification with conservative Islamic causes


     Used Islamic world to pursue its FP goals
     Trying to instill Muslim Nationalism
    Key elements of SC of Pakistan
     Opposition to Indian hegemony
     Nuclear Deterrence
     Acceptance but not reliance on outside assistance
     Till 1979 reliance on US, 1980s turned towards China
     Stability on Pakistan’s Western border
    Changing in SC

     Started developing Nuclear weapons


     Post 9/11 shift
     NAP 2015
    i. Safe heavens of terrorists
    ii. Reforms in the region of FATA
    iii. Sleeper cells
    iv. Internal security
    Activity

    Q no. 12
    Define Strategic Culture? What are the
    determinants of Pakistan Strategic culture?

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