INTRODUCTION TO

NAVAL
ENGINEERING
SHIP DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING
 Objectives
 Know some basic ship design considerations
 Understand the different stresses that a ship
may feel
 Be familiar with the principal structural
elements of a warship
 Understand how the compartmental
numbering system on a ship works
 Understand some basics of submarine
construction
 BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
 Seaworthiness
– Ship’s ability to operate in all types of weather
and sea states
– Made up of several factors
• Stability
• Displacement
• Freeboard
• Beam
• Hull shape
 BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS (cont.)
 Structural Integrity
– Engineering design
– Weight
– Resistance to operational stresses and strains
 BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS (cont.)
 Operational Employment
– Mission
– Armament
– Protection
– Maneuverability
– Cruising Range
 BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS (cont.)
 Tradeoffs
– Cost
– Life expectancy
– Port facilities
– Prime mover machinery/engineering design
FORCES
 STRESS

 Tension

 Compression

Shear

Torsion
 STRAIN
 Distortion resulting from stress
 Usually expressed in inches/inch
 SAGGING
 Deck under compression
 Neutral axis experiences no stresses
 Keel under tension
 HOGGING
 Deck under tension
 Neutral axis experiences no stress
 Keel under compression
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
OF A SHIP
 Principal structural elements
of a warship
 Plating
 Keel
 Bottom
 Framing
– Transverse
frames
– Longitudinal
frames
 Bulkheads
 Decks
 COMPARTMENTAL
NUMBERING SYSTEM
 4 PARTS
e.g. “3 - 75 - 4 – M”
 Deck
– Main deck is “1”
– Up is “O1”, “O2”, etc
– Going down is “2”, “3”, etc
 Frame
– Frame number at the foremost bulkhead of the
enclosing boundary
– If between frames, forward one is used
 4 PARTS
e.g. “3 - 75 - 4 – M”
 Compartment
– Centerline is “0”
– Port are even
– Starboard are odd
 Use
– Capital letter designating use
– “A”: Stowage “L”: Living “E”: Emergency
– “G”: Gas “M”: Ammo “C”: Control
 Basic structural components
of a submarine
 U.S. submarines employ a single hull
design. Advantages include:
– Larger interior volume
– Quieter
 Russian submarines employ a two-hull
design. Advantages include:
– Ease of fabrication
– Ability to absorb damage
 Review/Summary
 What is the difference between tension
and compression?
 What is hogging?
 What is sagging?
 Describe where the following
compartment is located and what it is
used for:
4-67-3-L