PUBERTY

Sharadel Faciol
Daryviel Ardimer
Welcome to Class

Today's Agenda
• Introduction

• Menstrual phase

• Proliferative phase

• Secretory phase

• Female secondary sexual characteristics emerge after puberty:

• Types of Precocious Puberty

Introduction
• The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of puberty in females. The first episode

occurs between 11 to 15 years of age referred to as menarche.

• Menstruation pertains to the sloughing off

the uterine lining if conception has not
occurred. It may last within two to six days
which follows a ranging from 24 to 42 days.
Regardless of the length of the cycle,
menstruation begins about 14 days after
ovulation (plus or minus one to two days)..
Introduction
• The overall cycle is governed by the hypothalamus as it monitors hormone levels

in the bloodstream.

• It involves changes in the

endometrium in response to the
fluctuating blood levels of ovarian
hormones. There are three phases
as described and shown in the
figure below.
Illustration of Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Phase
• This occurs if the ovum is not fertilized and
does not implant itself into the uterine
lining. The continued high levels of
estrogen and progesterone causes the
pituitary to stop releasing follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH). Estrogen and progesterone
levels decrease causing the endometrium to
be sloughed off, and bleeding ensues. It is
during this time that ovarian hormones are
at their lowest levels
Proliferative Phase

• It occurs when the hypothalamus stimulates

the pituitary gland to release FSH that
stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen
and causes ova to mature in the ovarian
follicles. Endometrium is repaired, thickens,
and becomes well-vascularized in response
to increasing levels of estrogens.
Secretory phase
• Problems associated with menstruation
include premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (80-
95% of women experience), dysmenorrhea
(painful menstruation caused by over
production of prostaglandins, causing the
uterine muscles to contract), and
amenorrhea (disruption or absence of
menstruation). All of these involve the
fluctuation of hormone levels associated
with menstruation.
Secretory phase
• At menopause (usually around age 45-50), a
woman stops menstruating as ova are no
longer brought to maturity. During the three
to four years of this transition women may
experience hot flashes, night sweats, sleep
disturbances, anxiety, depression, and
difficulty of becoming sexually aroused.
Female secondary sexual characteristics emerge
after puberty:
• 1. Widening of hips and pelvis -
accommodates giving birth, but also results
in downward shift in center of gravity.
• Enlargement of breasts – at puberty, both

the glandular and fatty tissues of the breasts

develop considerably. Differences in breast

size between women are primarily due to

differences in the amount of fatty tissue

Female secondary sexual characteristics emerge
after puberty:

• It is also not uncommon for one of a

woman’s breasts is to be slightly larger than
the other. The glandular tissue produces
milk toward the end of pregnancy and after
childbirth in response to hormone levels.
Female secondary sexual characteristics emerge
after puberty:
TYPES OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

There are three types of precocious puberty

that may affect a child: central precocious

puberty (the most common type), peripheral

precocious puberty and incomplete puberty.

THANK YOU!