NATURAL CAUSES OF

CLIMATE CHANGE AND

GLOBAL CLIMATE
PHENOMENON
GROUP 4
Presented to: Ms. Chyril Mae's Class
NATURAL CAUSES OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
 WHAT CAUSES
CLIMATE TO
CHANGE?
• Major climate changes are caused by three
natural factors: slow drifting of the continents,
changes in the sun's energy output, and
variations in the position of Earth in relation
to the sun.
• Some minor climate changes may be the result
of shifts in ocean and air currents.
 SLOW DRIFTING OF THE
CONTINENTS
• According to scientists, about 230 million years
ago, Earth's continents were connected together
as one supercontinent called Pangaea.
• The supercontinent drifted apart for 160 million
years, giving rise to the different continents
present today. This breakup was caused by the
slow drifting of the landmasses, which later
resulted in worldwide climate change.
 CHANGES IN THE SUN'S
ENERGY OUTPUT
• Studies link past climate changes to an asteroid
that hit Earth millions of years ago. The impact
apparently produced a large amount of ash and
smoke that blocked the sun's light, which
interrupted photosynthesis and caused the death
of plant-eating dinosaurs.
• Without the plant-eating dinosaurs, the meat-
eating dinosaurs also died out, ultimately
leading to their extinction.
EARTH'S ORBIT
• Many scientists believe that during
a series of glaciations, the shape of
Earth's orbit changed from nearly
circular to mildly elliptical.
• In this elliptical orbit, the global
temperature dropped as Earth
moved farther from the sun.
EARTH'S AXIS
• Scientists also claimed that the tilt
of Earth's axis slowly changed from
22.1° to 24.5° and back again.
• During the time that the tilt was at
the greatest angle, Earth received
less energy from the sun,
contributing to the global cooling.
GLOBAL CLIMATE
PHENOMENON
• Ocean currents help transfer heat to the
atmosphere; hence, generating global
winds. The winds, in turn, help move
the ocean currents.
• Any major change in an ocean current
CAN cause a change in climate.
UPWELLING
 UPWELLING
• When winds cause warm waters along
the coast to move out to sea, an
upwelling occurs. Cold, deep waters
rise up to take the place of the warm
surface waters.
• Upwelling is important because it
keeps ocean temperatures cooler and
brings valuable nutrients from the
ocean bottom to the surface.
EL NIÑO
 EL NIÑO
• El Niño strikes when the winds that
cause upwelling fail to blow. Instead of
blowing out to sea, the warm air
remains stationary, causing a kind of
"heat wave" in the ocean.
• El Niño refers to a warm water current
that flows from west to east across the
Pacific Ocean near the equator and
down the western coast of South
America.
 EL NIÑO
• It strikes with little warning every two to
seven years. The occurrence of El Niño
brings with it dramatic changes in world
climates. In 1982 and 1983, the strongest El
Niño caused several droughts in certain
regions. Some regions experienced heavy
rains and severe flooding.
• El Niño can have a devastating effect on
world climate. Scientists are still trying to
precisely determine the extent of El Niño's
influence on climate patterns.
GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• Climate change is one of the world's
biggest environmental concerns.
• Earth's atmosphere is like a greenhouse
that traps heat energy from the sun,
warming the environment. This is called
the greenhouse effect.
• However, as Earth's atmosphere becomes
overloaded with carbon dioxide, climates
are disrupted, which have disastrous
consequences.
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• Many scientists believe that if the amount
of greenhouse gases continues to increase,
Earth will significantly become warmer.
• If this happens, living things will be
greatly affected: farmlands can become too
hot and dry to support agriculture, polar
glaciers will melt and water levels will
rise, and coastal regions will be
submerged.
 SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF
GLOBAL WARMING

MELTING OF
DROUGHT WILDFIRE POLAR ICE
 CLIMATE CHANGE &
GLOBAL WARMING
• The effect of global warming is now felt
worldwide. Heat waves, wildfire, flood,
and drought are happening around the
globe. Scientists are working to address
climate change.
• There have been many serious public
health threats due to climate change.
 CLIMATE CHANGE &
GLOBAL WARMING
There are some ways in which climate
change threatens health.
These are through:
AIR POLLUTION DROUGHT
EXTREME HEAT FLOODING
INFECTIOUS DISEASES EXTREME WEATHER
RECAP!!
 RECAP OF THE LESSON
• Major climate changes are caused by
three natural factors: slow drifting of
the continents, changes in the sun's
energy output, and variations in the
position of Earth in relation to the
sun.
• Earth's continents were connected
together as one supercontinent called
Pangaea.
• The asteroid impact apparently
produced a large amount of ash and
smoke that blocked the sun's light,
which interrupted photosynthesis and
caused the death of plant-eating
dinosaurs.
• Without the plant-eating dinosaurs,
the meat-eating dinosaurs also died
out, ultimately leading to their
extinction.
 RECAP OF THE LESSON
• During a series of glaciations, the shape
of Earth's orbit changed from nearly
circular to mildly elliptical.
• In this elliptical orbit, the global
temperature dropped as Earth moved
farther from the sun.
• During the time that the tilt of Earth's
axis was at the greatest angle, Earth
received less energy from the sun,
contributing to the global cooling.
• Ocean currents help transfer heat to the
atmosphere; hence, generating global
winds. The winds, in turn, help move
the ocean currents.
• Any major change in an ocean current
CAN cause a change in climate.
• Upwelling is important because it keeps
ocean temperatures cooler and brings
valuable nutrients from the ocean
bottom to the surface.
 RECAP OF THE LESSON
• El Niño strikes when the winds that • Earth's atmosphere is like a
cause upwelling fail to blow. Instead of greenhouse that traps heat energy
blowing out to sea, the warm air
from the sun, warming the
remains stationary, causing a kind of
environment. This is called the
"heat wave" in the ocean.
• El Niño refers to a warm water current greenhouse effect.
that flows from west to east across the • If the amount of greenhouse gases
Pacific Ocean near the equator and continues to increase, Earth will
down the western coast of South significantly become warmer.
America.
• El Niño can have a devastating effect
on world climate.
 RECAP OF THE LESSON
• The effect of global warming is now
Climate change threatens health
felt worldwide. Heat waves, wildfire,
through:
flood, and drought are happening
• Air Pollution
around the globe. Scientists are
working to address climate change.
• Extreme Heat
• There have been many serious public • Infectious Diseases
health threats due to climate change. • Drought
There are some ways in which climate • Flooding
change threatens health. • Extreme weather
The climate is changing, why
aren't we? Small acts, when
THANK YOU FOR
multiplied by millions of
people, can transform the
LISTENING!
world.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! QUIZ
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!
Multiple Choice - 5
Identification - 4
True or False - 3
Enumeration - 3
 QUIZ
Multiple Choice

1. A process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere 4. The Earth's continents connected together as one
trap the sun's heat. supercontinent is called what?
a. Greenhouse Effect b. Climate Change a. Tectonic Plates b. Panthalassa c.
c. Global Warming d. Ozone Layer Depletion Pangaea d. Continental Crust

2. Refers to a warm water current that flows from west to 5. Caused by three natural factors: slow drifting of
east across the Pacific Ocean near the equator and down the continents, changes in the sun's energy output,
the western coast of South America. and variations in the position of Earth in relation to
a. Drought b. Wildfire the sun.
c. La Niña d. El Niño a. Climate Change b. Ozone Depletion
c. Global Warming d. Pollution
3. If the amount of greenhouse gases continues to
increase, Earth will significantly become ________.
a. colder b. warmer
 QUIZ
Identification

6. During the time that the tilt of Earth's axis was at the greatest angle, Earth received less energy
from the sun, contributing to the _______ ________.

7. Ocean currents help transfer heat to the atmosphere; hence, generating ________ ________.

8. In ______ _______, the global temperature dropped as Earth moved farther from the sun.

9. It keeps ocean temperatures cooler and brings valuable nutrients from the ocean bottom to the
surface.
 QUIZ
True or False

10. Any major change in an ocean current cannot cause a change in climate.

11. The asteroid impact apparently produced a large amount of ash and smoke that blocked the sun's
light, which interrupted photosynthesis and caused the death of meat-eating dinosaurs.

12. During a series of glaciations, the shape of Earth's orbit changed from nearly circular to mildly
elliptical.

Enumeration

13-15. Give three(3) ways in which climate change threatens health.

Multiple Choice
ANSWERS
1. A process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere 4. The Earth's continents connected together as one
trap the sun's heat. supercontinent is called what?
a. Greenhouse Effect b. Climate Change a. Tectonic Plates b. Panthalassa c.
c. Global Warming d. Ozone Layer Depletion Pangaea d. Continental Crust

2. Refers to a warm water current that flows from west to 5. Caused by three natural factors: slow drifting of
east across the Pacific Ocean near the equator and down the continents, changes in the sun's energy output,
the western coast of South America. and variations in the position of Earth in relation to
a. Drought b. Wildfire the sun.
c. La Niña d. El Niño a. Climate Change b. Ozone Depletion
c. Global Warming d. Pollution
3. If the amount of greenhouse gases continues to
increase, Earth will significantly become ________.
a. colder b. warmer
 ANSWERS
Identification

6. During the time that the tilt of Earth's axis was at the greatest angle, Earth received less energy
from the sun, contributing to the global cooling.

7. Ocean currents help transfer heat to the atmosphere; hence, generating global winds.

8. In elliptical orbit, the global temperature dropped as Earth moved farther from the sun.

9. It keeps ocean temperatures cooler and brings valuable nutrients from the ocean bottom to the
surface. Ans: Upwelling
 ANSWERS
True or False

10. Any major change in an ocean current cannot cause a change in climate. FALSE
Correct Statement: Any major change in an ocean current can cause a change in climate.

11. The asteroid impact apparently produced a large amount of ash and smoke that blocked the sun's
light, which interrupted photosynthesis and caused the death of meat-eating dinosaurs. FALSE
Correct Statement: The asteroid impact apparently produced a large amount of ash and smoke that
blocked the sun's light, which interrupted photosynthesis and caused the death of plant-eating
dinosaurs-eating dinosaurs

12. During a series of glaciations, the shape of Earth's orbit changed from nearly circular to mildly
elliptical. TRUE
 ANSWERS
Enumeration

13-15. Give three(3) ways in which climate change threatens health.

Answers:
• Air Pollution
• Extreme Heat
• Infectious Diseases
• Drought
• Flooding
• Extreme weather.