EMath 122 – Calculus II

Aiza A. Patadlas
Instructor
Volumes By Slicing; Disk and Washers
• Volumes by Slicing
• Divide the solid into thin slabs, approximate the volume of each slab, add the
approximations to form a Riemann sum, and take the limit of the Riemann
sums to produce an integral for the volume (Figure 6.2.1).
Volumes By Slicing; Disk and Washers
• The volume of a right circular cylinder of radius and height
can be expressed in terms of the height and the area of a
cross section as

• A right cylinder is a solid that is generated when a plane

region is translated along a line or axis that is perpendicular
to the region (Figure 6.2.3).
Volumes By Slicing; Disk and Washers

“The volume of a solid

can be obtained by
integrating the cross-
sectional area from
one end of the solid to
the other”.
Volumes By Slicing; Disk and Washers
Example 1 Derive the formula for the volume of a right pyramid whose altitude is h and whose base
is a square with sides of length a.
Solution.

Thus, the area of the cross section at

is
Volumes By Slicing; Disk and Washers
and by the equation of the volume

That is, the volume is of the area of the base times the altitude.
Solid Of Revolution
• A solid of revolution is a solid that is generated by revolving a plane region about a line that lies in the same
plane as the region; the line is called the axis of revolution. Many familiar solids are of this type (Figure
6.2.8).
 Volumes By Disc Perpendicular To The x-
axis

The volume of the solid is then

***Because the cross sections are disk shaped, the application of this formula is called the method of disks.
Volumes By Disc Perpendicular To The x-
axis
Example 2 Find the volume of the solid that is obtained when the region under the curve over the
interval is revolved about the x-axis (Figure 6.2.10).

Solution.
Volumes By Disc Perpendicular To The x-
axis
Example 3 Derive the formula for the volume of a sphere of radius r.

Solution.
Volumes By Washers Perpendicular To The x-
axis.

Because the cross sections are washer shaped, the

application of this formula is called the method of
washers.
Volumes By Washers Perpendicular To The x-
axis.
Example 4 Find the volume of the solid generated when the region between the graphs of the
equations and over the interval is revolved about the x-axis.

Solution.
Volumes By Disc And Washers Perpendicular
To The y-axis
Volumes By Disc And Washers Perpendicular
To The y-axis.
Example 5 Find the volume of the solid generated when the region enclosed by , , and is revolved
about the y-axis.

Solution.
Volumes By Disc And Washers Perpendicular
To The y-axis.
Example 6 Find the volume of the solid generated when the region under the curve over the
interval is rotated about the line .

Solution. First sketch the region and the axis of revolution.

Finding Position And Velocity By Integration
• If a particle in rectilinear motion (that particle that can move in either direction along a
coordinate line) has position function , then we define its velocity function and acceleration are
given by the formulas

• The instantaneous velocity of a particle in rectilinear motion is the derivative of the position
function.
• The rate at which the instantaneous velocity of a particle changes with time is called its
instantaneous acceleration.
Finding Position And Velocity By Integration
• It follows from these formulas that is an antiderivative of and is an antiderivative of ; that is

Example 1 Suppose that a particle moves with velocity along a coordinate line. Assuming that the
particle has coordinate at time , find its position function.
Solution. The position function is

Since s = 4 when t = 0, it follows that

Thus,
Computing Displacement And Distance
Traveled By Integration
• The displacement over a time interval of a particle in rectilinear motion is its final coordinate minus
its initial coordinate.

• To find the distance traveled by the particle over the time interval , we must integrate the absolute
value of the velocity function; that is,

• “Integrating velocity over a time interval produces displacement, and integrating speed over a
time interval produces distance traveled.”
Computing Displacement and Distance
Traveled by Integration
Example 2 Suppose that a particle moves on a coordinate line so that its velocity at time is (Figure
5.7.3).
(a) Find the displacement of the particle during the time interval .
(b) (b) Find the distance traveled by the particle during the time interval .

Solution (a). From the equation of displacement

Thus, the particle is at the same position at time as at .

Computing Displacement and Distance
Traveled by Integration
Solution (b). The velocity can be written as , from which we see that for and for . Thus, it follows
that the distance traveled is
 END
NOTE: Midterm Exam
(summative)
on April 03, 2023
at scheduled time of lecture.