Heavenly father, grant me each day the desire to do my best, to grow

mentally and morally as well as physically. To be kind and helpful to

Prayer my classmates and teachers, to be honest with myself as well as with
others. Help me to be a good sport and smile when I lose as well as
when I win. Teach me the value of true friendship. Help me to
always conduct myself so as to bring credit to my school. Amen.
VOLCANOES
& VOLCANISM 
Quarter 3, Week 1, Day 2
Review
 A volcano is a vent or
fissure in the planet's crust
through which lava, ash,
rock and gases erupt.
A volcano is a mountain
that opens downward to a
pool of molten rock below
the surface of the earth.

What is a volcano? 
Convergent Plate Boundary & Subduction
Zone Volcanism 
 Occurs when plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath
the other, causing a process known as subduction.
 Subduction zones are often marked by an abundance of
earthquakes, the result of internal deformation of the plate,
convergence with the opposing plate, and bending at the oceanic
trench. 
 Most volcanoes are formed as a result of geological activities
along the plate boundaries. In the ring of firE, volcanoes are
formed in the subduction zone.
 When two plates collide, one plate sinks into the mantle and melts.
The resulting magma rises through the other plate above it and
forms a chain of volcanoes. These are volcanoes from melted
crusts or volcanoes from subduction.
 This type of volcanism is called Subduction Zone Volcanism. 
Convergent Plate Boundary & Subduction
Zone Volcanism 
 Divergent Plate Boundary &
Spreading Center Volcanism 

 Occurs when plates move away from each other. 

 Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which
eventually become rift valleys. 
 Volcanoes typically form on Mid-Oceanic Ridges -- an underwater mountain
range, formed in divergent plate boundaries in the ocean. 
 As the plate boundary moves apart, hot asthenosphere rises up to fill the
voids, thus creating high ridges in the ocean basin.  
 When the hot asthenosphere rises to shallow levels, it decompresses and
melts to produce magma.
 This type of volcanism is called Spreading Center Volcanism. 
 Each eruption occurs in only a part of the plate boundary at any one time,
but when it does occur, it fills in the opening gap as the two opposing plates
move away from each other. 
 Divergent
Plate
Boundary &
Spreading
Center
Volcanism 
Interplate Volcanism:
Hot spots and Mantle Plumes

 Hotspots and mantle plumes are types of volcanoes formed

within the plate interiors. 
 A hot spot is an area on Earth that exists over a mantle plume.
A mantle plume is an area under the rocky outer layer of
Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than
surrounding magma. Heat from this extra hot magma causes
melting and thinning of the rocky crust, which leads to
widespread volcanic activity on Earth’s surface above the
plume. 
 Hot spot volcanoes occur far from plate boundaries. Because
the hot spot is caused by mantle plumes that exist below the
tectonic plates, as the plates move, the hot spot does not, and
may create a chain of volcanoes on the Earth’s surface. 
 Examples of volcanoes arising from interplate volcanism are
Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone National Park. 
 Geologists estimate there are about 40 to 50 hot spots around
the world. 
Interplate Volcanism: Hot spots and Mantle Plumes
Check your Understanding
1. Types of volcanism 

Spreading Center Volcanism

Subduction Zone Volcanism 
Interplate Volcanism

2. Types of Plate Boundaries that exhibits volcanism 

Divergent Plate Boundary

Convergent Plate Boundary