Intro Philo2 Autosaved

What is Philosophy?
• The word “philosophy” comes from the Greek

words, PHILO, meaning “to love”, and Sophia
“wisdom”.
• Philosophy originally meant , “love of wisdom”, and

in a broad sense, wisdom is still the goal of
philosophy
Four things to be considered in studying Philosophy
• Scientific approach
• Natural Light of Reason
• Study of all things
• First cause or the highest principle
MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
• Ethics
• Aesthetics
• Epistemology
• Logic
• Metaphysics
Ethics
Branch of Philosophy that explores
the nature of moral virtue and
evaluates human actions. It is
generally a study of the nature of
moral judgments.
Five Frameworks of Ethics
• DIVINE COMMAND
• CONSEQUIENTIALISM
• DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
• VIRTUE ETHICS
• RELATIVISM
Aesthetics
The science of the beautiful in its
various manifestations including
sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic,
and ugly.
Epistemology
The study of the nature and scope of
knowledge and justified belief. The
term epistemology comes from the two
Greek words “episteme”, which means
knowledge and “logos”, which roughly
means study or science of (something).
Logic
Looks into whether there are rules
or principles that govern
reasoning. Increases one’s ability
to reason correctly and
distinguish irrational reasoning.
Metaphysics -
the branch of Philosophy that deals with the nature
of existence, being and the world. Thus,
metaphysics is commonly understood as the
foundation of philosophy. In fact, Aristotle called it
“first philosophy” and argues that it deals with first
causes and the “principles of things”. Originally, the
Greek word metaphysika, which literally means
“after physics”.
PHILOSOPHY: TRANSCENDING AND AIMING FOR A LIFE OF ABUNDANCE
Abundance is not what we keep but what we give away

To live an abundant life, one must pursue one’s
desires and inner self. One must go after what fulfills,
before making more money. It is truly paradoxical
because to be able to have, we must first let go. To be
able to have, - we must first let go. To be able to
acquire, we must first control ourselves.
To be abundant, we must learn to control our appetites

and desires, for they have impact on other people.
Harsh words, pollution, and eating unhealthy foods
are some examples where our choices influence or
affect not only ourselves but others as well. In other
words, there is karma in our thoughts, words and
actions.
Abundance is not what we hold but what we share Money

counts in our globalized society. Money should not matter
much, for every moment is a blessing, even if one does not
have money. Abundance comes to the one who has money
and heart, money and values, money and relationships,
money and deeper happiness. Abundance is more than
our ambitions; there are more precious things such as
people that matter. (Aguilar, 2010)
Abundance is a choice Abundance is more of an effort

of the heart than mind alone. To achieve, one must
commit. Only the heart can commit. Abundance,
therefore is a choice which translates to commitment,
determination, and perseverance. (Aguilar 2010)
The Secret by Rhonda Byrne offers a similar idea, which

claims that we have our dreams, and regardless or
who we are, the universe will answer our wishes.
According to “The Secret”, our dreams come true
because we attract them. We achieve our dreams if
we cooperate with the Power of Dreams Himself of
God. God will grant our wishes in his due time.
Abundance is to evolve into a higher being It becomes clear that

the concept of abundance covers both external and internal life.
We cannot truly live without material considerations, but
externals are not all there are; values, for instance matter. Thus, to
live in abundance means evolving to a higher being in following
one’s mission; a deliberate or conscious desire to act upon what
can make us and others happy. As we are bombarded by negative
people and moods, it becomes our choice to adopt an abundant
disposition.

disposition.

disposition.
• Sensitivity Check
A student shall tell two lies and a truth abot himself of
herself. A classmate should guess which one is the truth
METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
Philosophizing means to think or express oneself in a

philosophical manner. It considers or discusses a (matter)
from a philosophical standpoint. In phenomenology, truth is
based on the person`s consciousness; while in
existensialism, truth is based in exercising choices and
personal freedom; in postmodernism, it is accepted that
truth is not absolute; and in logic, truth is based on
reasoning and critical thinking.
PHENOMENOLOGY: ON CONSCIOUSNESS
Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology, which is

essentially a philosophical method. This focuses
on careful inspection and description of
phenomena or appearances, defined as any
object of conscious experience, that is, that
which we are conscious of. (Johnston 2006)
PHENOMENOLOGY The condition of being

conscious: the normal state of being awake
and able to understand what is happening
around you.
The word “Phenomenon” comes directly from the

Greek word Phainomenon meaning “appearance.
” •Phenomenology is the scientific study of the
essential structures of consciousness. By
describing those structures, Husserl believes that
we can find certainty, which philosophy has
always sought.
Phenomenological method is a series that

continuously revises our perception of reality.
Phenomenology removes or brackets out the
non-essentials. In this sense, the human mind is
conscious of its environment, intentional and
directed a material object or idea.

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What is Philosophy?

• The word “philosophy” comes from the Greek

• Philosophy originally meant , “love of wisdom”, and

Abundance is not what we keep but what we give away

To be abundant, we must learn to control our appetites

Abundance is not what we hold but what we share Money

Abundance is a choice Abundance is more of an effort

The Secret by Rhonda Byrne offers a similar idea, which

Abundance is to evolve into a higher being It becomes clear that

Abundance is to evolve into a higher being It becomes clear that

Abundance is to evolve into a higher being It becomes clear that

Philosophizing means to think or express oneself in a

Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology, which is

PHENOMENOLOGY The condition of being

The word “Phenomenon” comes directly from the

Phenomenological method is a series that

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