UNIT I

NATURE OF INQUIRY
AND RESEARCH
 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION

Learning Outcomes:
Shares research experience and knowledge
Explains the important of research in our daily life

Describe the characteristics, processes and ethics of a

research

Differentiates quantitative to qualitative research

Provide examples of research areas and interest

 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH
systematic investigation and study of
materials and sources to establish
facts and reach new conclusions
commonly misunderstood

indispensable component of academic

and industry practices
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
exploring and understanding testing objective theories by
the meaning individuals or examining the relationship
groups ascribed to a social or among variables
human problem
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
MIXED APPROACH
involves collecting both quantitative and
qualitative data, and integrating the two
forms of data
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
MIXED APPROACH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 TYPES OF MIXED APPROACH RESEARCHES
CONVERGENT PARALLEL
researcher merges quantitative
and qualitative data
collects both forms of data
simultaneously
EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL
researcher first conducts
quantitative research and
builds on the results to explain
them in more detail

EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL
researcher begins with a
qualitative research and builds on
the findings to develop a
quantitative phase
 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
an attempt to understand
the
world as lived

encompasses studies about an

individuals’ particular
experience and how he/she
reflects on it

product of individual
 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
no statistical analysis is
being
performed

qualitative studies aims to

explore human phenomena,
which may involve a single or a
group of people experiencing
the same situation
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS

CONCEPTUALIZATION PHASE

DESIGN PHASE

EMPIRICAL PHASE

ANALYTICAL PHASE

DISSEMINATION PHASE
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
CONCEPTUALIZATION PHASE
topic is identified objective framing
not-too-broad but not-to-specific identifying the ‘Central Question’
concept to allow flexibility and
further exploration for qualitative inquiry, the focus is
understanding human experience using words
literature reviews
required for quantitative studies

optional in qualitative inquiries

 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
DESIGN PHASE
also known as the planning phase
researchers decide on the detailed
procedures in gathering and analyzing
data

how, where and when the study will

be conducted and analyzed
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
EMPIRICAL PHASE
data gathering and collection
in qualitative studies, respondents are also
known as key informants or coresearchers.

Interviews and Focus Group Discussions

(FGD) are commonly employed with the
use of the interview guides or ‘Aide
Memoire’.
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
ANALYTICAL PHASE
preparation and assessment of
the data through the use of tools
and the researchers’ own
understanding as supported by
his belief and previous
researches published in the same
area of interest
THE RESEARCH PROCESS

ANALYTICAL PHASE
qualitative studies
interview texts are being delimited to
manageable statements and thematized

a model (or simulacrum) is being

produced to summarize an understanding
of the themes that emerged in the study.
In this phase, the results are interpreted
before the writeup or manuscript
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
DISSEMINATION PHASE

most valuable but often

neglected

results are advised to be shared to

the general public if not on the
specific population or
professional groups that can
benefit from its result
 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION
QUALITIES OF A GOOD QUALITATIVE INQUIRER

 TECHNICAL COMPETENCY  UTILITY COMPETENCY

ability to use available ability to troubleshoot during
technologies unexpected scenario

 PATIENCE  SERVICE
within and outside the group willingness to serve others
 RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION
QUALITIES OF A GOOD QUALITATIVE INQUIRER

 EFFORT  GUTS AND RISK

time and skill considering options

 CARE

distinct characteristics of a
researcher
 PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH
POSTPOSITIVIST
Philosophy: “We cannot be positive
in our claims of knowledge when
studying behavior and actions of
humans”

Main Concept: Everything should

be quantified to produce
meaningful concrete results
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH

CONSTRUCTIVIST
Philosophy: “Individuals
subjective develop
experiences”meanings of their

Main Concept: Experience

expressed through words can paint
a better picture of a certain
phenomena
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH

TRANSFORMATIVE
Philosophy: “Research inquiry
should be intertwined with politics
and political change agenda”

Main Concept: Research should be

conducted to increase quality of
life and produce better societies
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH
PRAGMATIC
Philosophy: “We need to look
to many possibilities for
collecting and analysing data”

Main Concept: Use of

quantitative and qualitative
data in expressing research
findings
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
TERM QUESTION TYPES

What data will Historical, Descriptive,

 METHOD
be gathered? Experimental

How data e.g. Survey, Interview,

 TECHNIQUE
will Doodling
be gathered?
 APPROACH How data will Quantitative, Qualitative
be processed? or Mixed
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Designs of Qualitative Research
NARRATIVE
PHENOMENOLOGICAL researcher describes the lived
researcher studies the lives of
individuals and asks one or experiences of individuals
more individuals to provide about a phenomenon
stories about their lives
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Designs of Qualitative Research
ETHNOGRAPHY HISTORICAL
researcher studies the shared researcher studies the systematic
patters of behavior, language study of past events. This
and actions of an intact examines the documents of the
cultural group in a past to help the researcher
setting over a natural understand and connect it in the
period of time prolonged present time.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Designs of Qualitative Research
CASE STUDIES GROUNDED
THEORY
researcher develops and in- researcher derives a general,
depth analysis of a case, often a abstract theory of a process,
program, event, activity, process action or interaction grounded
of one or more individuals in the views of the participants
 THE RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT
RESEARCH MANUSCRIPTS
final output in written and /or soft copy file form
follows specific research content guidelines and format

traditional manuscripts: by-chapter

others adopt the Introduction-Method-Results-

Discussion (IMRAD) format and content based on the
American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition)
Standards
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUANTI versus QUALI Research
QUANTI QUALI

Hypothesized Concepts

Analyzed using Analyzed using

numbers language

Interpreted as Interpreted as
relations themes
THANK YOU!