Transmission Line (ABCD)

Parameters
• It is convenient to represent a transmission line by a
two port network.
Is IR

+ +
Two-Port
Vs VR
Network
- -

• Where: VS and IS are the sending end voltage and

current and
• Vr and Ir are the receiving end voltage and current
respectively.
• The sending and receiving end quantities are
related as follows:
VS  AI r  BI r (1)

I S  CVr  DI 2 (2)

• Where: A,B,C and D parameters depend on

the transmission line constants R,L,C and G.
• These parameters are in general complex
numbers.
• A and D are dimensionless whereas B has
units of ohms and C has units of Siemens (S).
• The following circuit represents a short line
which is less than 50km long.

Is Z=Zℓ=(R+jωL) IR

+ +
Vs VR
- -

• Only series resistance and reactance are

included.
• The shunt admittance is neglected.
• The cct applies to either single phase or three
phase lines operating under balanced
conditions.
• Equations (1) and (2) can be represented in matrix
format as follows:
VS  A B  VR 
 I   C D I 
 S   R  (3)

• From the circuit in the previous slide:

VS  VR  ZI R
IS  IR
• Therefore in matrix format:

VS  1 Z  VR 
 I   0  
1 IR 
 S  (4)
• By comparing equations (3) and (4) we can conclude
that the ABCD parameters for a short line are:
A  D 1 Per unit

BZ ohms

C 0 Siemens
Voltage Regulation In short Transmission Lines

• It is the change in voltage at the receiving end

when the full load at a given power factor is
removed and the voltage at sending end being
constant.
• It can be written as:
@ Full load V  V
rfl r

@ no load
Vrnl  VS
• Therefore, voltage regulation is given by:

Vrnl  Vrfl V S  Vr
 %
Vrfl Vr

Line Efficiency
Efficiency  Power delivered at the receiving
end/ power delivered at
the sending end + losses