PREPARATION 29

GEL
 Gel
Are semisolid systems consisting
either suspension made up of
small inorganic particles or large
organic molecules interpenetrated
by a liquid.

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 Gel
The official meaning of “gel”
encompasses both two-phase
systems which are
1.THIXOTROPIC suspension
2.Single phase system of synthetic
macromolecules

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 Thixotrophy
 are semisolids on standing but
liquid on being shaken

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 2 Classes of Gel
1. First Scheme
A. ORGANIC GELS
Single phase gel consist of organic
macromolecules uniformly distributed
throughout the liquid where no apparent
boundary is seen
Examples: Carbomer, Carbopol, NaCMC,
Tragacanth gel
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 2 Classes of Gel
B. INORGANIC GELS
2 phase system separation of insoluble
matter and the liquid vehicle

Examples: Al(OH)3 Gel,

Bentonite Magma

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 2 Classes of Gel
2. Second Scheme
A.HYDROGELS
Organic Hydrogels – Pectin paste,
Tragacanth jelly
Natural and Synthetic gums –
methylcellulose, NaCMC, Pluronic
Inorganic hydrogels - Bentonite gel (10-
25%), Veegum, Silica
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 2 Classes of Gel
B. ORGANOGELS
Hydrocarbon Type – Petrolatum, Mineral
oil/polyethylene gel (Plastibase)
 Animal, Vegetable fats – Lard Cocoa butter
 Soap base greases – Aluminum stearate with
heavy mineral oil gel
 Hydrophilic – Carbowax bases (PEG
ointment)

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 Preparation of Gel
By freshly precipitating the
disperse phase upon reacting an
inorganic agents – gelatinous ppt
Example: (NH4)2 SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O
+ 4Na2CO3  (NH4)2CO3 + Al2(CO3)3 +
4Na2SO4 + 24H2O

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 Preparation of Gel
By direct hydrating the inorganic
material in water

Examples: Al2(CO)3 + 3H2O

2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
GEL
 Gel
Very fine particle size to achieve large
surface and thus maximum adsorption
capacity
May contain peppermint oil, glycerin,
sorbitol, sucrose, saccharin or other
suitable flavor and preservative in a
total amount of not exceeding 0.5%
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Category
 Medicated Gel

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Synonyms
Colloidal Aluminum Hydroxide
Amphojel
Alternagel

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Description of Final Product
 It is white, viscous preparation
from which small amount of water
may be separated on standing
 It is translucent in thin layer.
 It affects both red and blue litmus
paper slightly but it is not reddened
by phenolphthalein
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Use/s
 antacid (without systemic alkalosis)
 heartburn
 management of hyperacidity, peptic ulcer,
gastritis and esophagitis
 used as skin protectant and mild astringent
 it may cause constipation
 acid indigestion

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Formulation
Ingredients OA CA

Ammonium alum 800 g

Sodium carbonate 1000 g

Peppermint oil 0.01% (0.01 g/100 mL)

Sodium benzoate 0.1% (0.1g/100 mL)

Purified water, qs ad 2000 mL 30 mL

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Computations

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
 Calibrate final bottle to 30 mL

Place a mark

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
1. Dissolve sodium carbonate in
60 mL hot water

Mixture 1

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
2. Dissolve alum in 30 mL of hot
water
+
Mixture 2

3. Filter alum solution in the

carbonate solution

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
 Add 60 mL hot water with
stirring to (5-10 mins.)

Dilute (add) to 1200 mL with

cold water in softdrink Cut and mark
container. Stand and decant
the solution.

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
Filter and wash residue with 10 mL
cold water

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Procedure
 Suspend residue in purified water
to make 30 mL. Flavour with
peppermint oil and preserve with
sodium benzoate
 Homogenize resulting gel

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Label
?????

 Container
 30 mL wide mouth amber bottle

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Remarks
 Method  chemical reaction
 produces no systemic alkalosis
 Sodium benzoate 
preservative
 can cause constipation

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 29
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
 Directions
• shake well before using
• do not take more than 12 teaspoonfuls in 24
hours
• do not use the maximum dosage for more
than 2 weeks
• dosage: 2 teaspoonfuls 5-6 times daily after
meals and at bedtime followed by a sip of
water if needed
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 30
LOTION
 Lotion
Are aqueous liquid or sometimes alcoholic
preparation containing insoluble materials in
the form of suspension or emulsion
intended for external application without
rubbing.
 Applied without friction
 Also called washes – meaning “lotio” or
“lavare” to wash

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
LOTION
 Method Preparation
1.Triturating the ingredient to a smooth
paste and then cautiously adding the
remaining liquid phase (with the use of high
speed mixers and homogenizers)

Example: Calamine Lotion

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
LOTION
 Method Preparation
2. By Chemical Interaction

Example: White Lotion – must be freely

prepared and does not contain suspending
agent.
ZnSO4 + Sulfurated potash (K2S3) 
ZnS + 2S + K2SO4

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
LOTION
 Method Preparation
3.Clear Solution in which the active
ingredient is a water soluble substance

Example: Dimethisoquin hydrochloride

lotion

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Category
 Lotion

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Synonyms
 Lotio Calaminae

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Description of Final Product
 A liquid suspension or
dispersion that is pink in color

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Use/s
 astringent
 antipruritic
 topical protectant and soothing
lotion sunburn
 treatment for ivy poisoning
 skin protectant

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Formulation
Ingredients OA CA

Calamine 80 g

Zinc oxide 80 g

Glycerin 20 mL

Bentonite magma 250 mL

Calcium hydroxide, qs ad 1000 mL 30mL

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Computations

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Procedure
 Dilute bentonite magma with an
equal volume of calcium hydroxide
topical solution
 Mix calcium and zinc oxide
alternately with glycerin to form a
smooth paste
By: Nelson T. Tubon
 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Procedure
 Add 7.5 mL of diluted magma
 Triturate and add the remaining
magma
 Add enough calcium hydroxide
topical solution to complete volume

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Label
 ????

 Container
 30 mL amber bottle

By: Nelson T. Tubon

 PREPARATION 30
CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
 Remarks
 Method  levigation and trituration
 Ferric oxide  characteristics of pink color
 Calamine  skin protectant, astringent, antiseptic
 Zinc oxide  skin protectant, astringent antiseptic
 Glycerin  humectant, wetting agent, levigating agent
 Bentonite  suspending agent
 Calcium hydroxide - astringent

By: Nelson T. Tubon