OINTMENT

- are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. It may either be
medicated or not.
White Ointment (Simple Ointment)
Chemicals Original Formula Pharmaceutic Use Specific Use (in the preparation)
White Wax 50 g Basis Stiffening agent
White Petrolatum 950 g basis Emollient, protective
Procedure:
1. Accurately weigh the quantities of each ingredient using a top loading balance.
2. Melt white wax in an evaporating dish over a water bath
3. Add the white petrolatum and warm the mixture until it liquefies. Stir until the mixture is uniform.
4. Discontinue heating and allow cooling
5. Place in an appropriate container before the mixture has congealed.
6. Prepare a label for the final product.
Uses: moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations

Whitfield’s Ointment
Chemicals Original Formula Pharmaceutic Use Specific Use (in the preparation)
Benzoic acid Basis Indicated use: Anti-infective
Salicylic acid Basis Keratolytic
Wool fat Ointment base Indicated use: antibacterial, emollient
White petrolatum Ointment base Emollient, protectant
Procedure:
1. Accurately weight the quantities of each ingredient using a top loading balance.
2. Triturate separately benzoic acid and salicylic acid.
3. Mix triturated powders using mortar and pestle.
4. Add the white petrolatum and mix to achieve a uniform distribution.
5. Mix thoroughly. Add the remaining portion of the white petrolatum until a smooth paste is attained.
6. Levigate until grittiness of the mixture is not palpable.
7. Prepare a label for the final product.
Uses: treat skin irritations and inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, fungal infections, or eczema

Precipitated Sulfur Ointment

Chemicals Original Formula Pharmaceutic Use Specific Use (in the preparation)
Precipitated Sulfur 100 g Basis Indicated use: antibacterial, antifungal
Mineral Oil 100 ml Corrective Levigating agent
White Ointment 800 g Ointment Emollient, lubricant, protective
base/vehicle
Procedure:
1. Levigate the precipitated sulfur with the mineral oil to a smooth paste.
2. Add white ointment Qs.

Routes of Administration: may be applied to the skin, placed on the surface of the eye, or used nasally, vaginally, or
rectally. Ointments generally have topical applications as they can be designed for either local effects or systemic
absorption.
Levigation – a method of comminution (reduction of particle size). It is commonly used in small-scale preparation of
ointments and suspensions to reduce the particle size and grittiness of the added powders. The levigating agent should
be physically and chemically compatible with the drug and base because after levigation, the dispersion is incorporated
into the ointment base by spatulation or with mortar & pestle until the product is uniform.

CREAM

Petrolatum Rose Water Ointment

Chemicals Original Formula Pharmaceutic Use Specific Use (in the preparation)
Cetyl esters wax 125 g Basis Moisturizer
(sub: White Beeswax)
White wax 120 g Corrective Stiffening agent
Mineral oil 560 g Vehicle Make-up remover & cleanser; provides lipid phase
Sodium borate/Borax 5g Corrective Emulsifier
Purified Water 190 ml vehicle Provides aqueous phase
Procedure:
1. Accurately weigh the quantities of each ingredient using a top loading balance.
2. Triturate cetyl esters wax sub: white beeswax and white wax to small pieces and place on an evaporating dish.
3. Add mineral oil to mixture and heat to 70℃.
4. On a separate container, heat purified water to 70℃ and dissolve sodium borate.
5. Add this warm solution to the melted mixture, stirring rapidly and continuously until it has congealed.
6. Prepare a label for the final product.
Synonym: Cold Cream; Unguentum Emolliens; Unguentum Leniens
Uses: moisturizer; make-up remover; cleanser

Galen’s Cold Cream

Chemicals Original
Formula
Cetyl esters wax 125 g
White wax 120 g
Almond oil 560 g
Sodium borate/Borax 5g
Stronger Rose Water 25ml
Rose Oil 0.2 ml
Purified Water (qs) 1000 g

PASTE
- are semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin. They generally contain a larger portion of solid
materials (such as 25%) than ointments and therefor are stiffer.
Zinc Oxide Paste
Chemicals Original Formula Pharmaceutic Use Specific Use (in the preparation)
Zinc oxide 250 g Basis Protectant
Starch 250 g Basis Protectant (for rashes)
White petrolatum 1000 g vehicle Emollient (moisturizer)
Procedure:
1. Accurately weigh the quantities of each ingredient using a top loading balance.
2. Triturate zinc oxide and starch separately.
3. Using the proportions mentioned above, mix the two powders thoroughly.
4. Add the white petrolatum gradually to the powder mixture in mortar.
5. Mix thoroughly. Add the remaining portion of the white petrolatum until a smooth paste is attained.
6. Levigate until grittiness of the mixture is not palpable.
7. Prepare a label for the final product.
Synonyms: Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste; Compound Paste of Zinc
Uses: to protect the skin & absorb secretions; antiseptic & protective in some skin rashes
Proper administration: Apply a thin layer topically to the affected area and rub in gently. To treat chapped skin, minor
burn wounds, or other skin irritations, use the medication as often as needed.