Introduction to three phase system

In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry

three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which
reach their instantaneous peak values at different times.
This currents/ voltages are displaced from each other by
120°.
 (contd…….)

• Most household loads are single-phase. In India, North

America and some other countries, three-phase power
generally does not enter homes. Even in areas where it does, it
is typically split out at the main distribution board and the
individual loads are fed from a single phase.
contd…….
Advantages of three phase system over single phase system

In general, three-phase systems are preferred over single-

phase systems for the transmission of power for many
reasons, including the following:

1. In a single phase system, the power delivered is pulsating.

However in a three phase circuit, the total power delivered
to load is constant.

2. The rating of a given machine increases with the increase in

the number of phases .

3. Efficiency of a three phase motor is also higher than that of

a single phase motor of the same rating.
4. The three phase motors are much smaller in size and less
expensive than single phase motor of the same rating.

5. Transmission of power by a three phase system is much cheaper

than that of a single phase system.

6. Three phase system are more capable and reliable than that
of a single phase system.
 Connection in Three Phase System
• A 3-phase system is equivalent to three
single phase circuit
• Two possible configurations in three phase
system:
1. Y-connection (star connection)
2. ∆-connection (delta connection)
 Y-connected system
• Line voltage:
VAB ; VBC ; VCA

• Phase voltage:
VAN ; VBN ; VCN
 Points to Remember
• In Y-connected, 3-phase system, the voltage from line to
neutral point is called a phase voltage

• In Y-connected, 3-phase system, the voltage from one

line to another is called a line voltage

• The magnitude of the line voltage of a Y-connected

system is

• The magnitude of the line current of a Y-connected

system equals the phase current for each phase; that is

IL  Iφ
 ∆-connected system

• Line current:
IAa ; IBb ; ICc

• Phase current:
for load:
Iab ; Ibc ; Ica

9
 Points to Remember
• The magnitude of the line voltage of a ∆ connected
system is

EL = E
• The magnitude of the line current of a ∆ -connected
system is given by

IL =√3 I
Thank You!!!!