TRNG I HC S PHM TP HCM

VT L HT NHN NG DNG

Ngi hng dn: TS. NGUYN NG SN Hc vin: Nguyn Th Hin Phan Cng Thnh Bi Nguyn Ngc Thy L Th Mng Thun

NI DUNG
TNG QUAN V CHIU X THC PHM NG DNG TRONG THC T KT LUN CHUNG

PHNG PHP CHIU X ION HA

Phng php chiu x c ha Tc dng sinh hc ca tia phng x ln cc ion th sng ni chung l c hi, nhng c th c ng dng vo nhng mc ch c li cho con ngi. Khi chiu tia phng x ln cc c th sng vi nhng liu lng xc nh, ta c th gy nn nhng bin i sinh hc (s bin d) mong c hai c th , hoc mun trong cc t bo ca hng ng dng tiu dit cc t bo
chnh

Bc x

Gy t bin, to cc C th sng ging mi

(liu thch hp)

Bt hot cc t bo, t vi sinh vt gy hi

S bin d trong bo

Bt hot t bo

TNG QUAN V CHIU X THC PHM

1

1
2 3

S pht trin ca ng dng bc x ion ha trong chiu x thc phm Phng thc chiu x Li ch v hn ch ca chiu x thc phm

CC PHNG PHP BO QUN THC PHM

- ng lnh

- Sy kh - ln men - p mui

- ng hp - p lnh - Cht bo qun

CHIU X

S pht trin ca ng dng bc x ion ha trong chiu x thc phm

Nghin cu v ng dng bc x in ha bo qun thc phm bt u t 1905 vi nhng bng sng ch u tin v vic chiu x dit khun trong tht. S pht trin ca ng dng bc x ion ha trong chiu x thc phm Nm 1921, cp bng sng ch cho ng dng dit giun k sinh trn tht. Tuy vy, phi n nhng nm 1960, Hoa K v Canada mi tin phong cho p dng k thut chiu x vo mt s thc phm v ng cc dit trng.

n nay, s chng loi thc phm c chp nhn v s quc gia chp nhn thc phm chiu x tng ng k.

CHIU X THC PHM

Chiu x thc phm l cng ngh s dng nng lng bc x ion ho x l thc phm nhm nng cao cht lng v sinh v an ton thc phm. Ngi ta s dng tia bc x gamma chiu vo thc phm nhm dit vi trng (tht), vi sinh vt, su b, cn trng v k sinh trng (la m, bt, gia v, ng cc, tri cy kh), lm chm li s pht trin, lm chm chn cng nh ngn chn s ny mm cc loi tri cy v c hnh... Thc phm chiu x c chng minh l lnh tnh v mang li nhng li ch kinh t- x hi to ln. i hi c s chiu x v c s sn xut ch bin thc phm phi tun th nhng yu cu nht nh v liu chiu, qui cch sn phm v iu kin lu kho, vn chuyn v ch bin thc phm sau khi chiu x.

CHIU X THC PHM

Chiu bc x in ha ln thc phm Cn c gi l: + s kh trng lnh (cold pasteurization) + kh trng bng in t (electronic pasteurization) phn bit vi s kh trng bng nhit.

C CH CHIU X

Cc electron b gy chui AND nh ph hy hay ngn cn qu trnh nhn i ca t chc sng.

CC LOI BC X IN HA DNG TRONG CHIU X

Food

Food

Chm tia electron t my gia tc

Target

Food

Source

Bc x gamma t Co60 Tia X

Phng thc chiu x thc phm

Ngi ta s dng tia bc x gamma ca cht phng x Cobalt 60 hoc ca cht Csium 137 chiu vo thc phm vi liu lng chiu ty theo mc ch s dng.

My chiu x cobalt-60 rt thng dng trong vic chiu x thc phm

S HOT NG CA H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA GAMMA T NG V PHNG X Co-60 HAY Cs-137

S HOT NG CA H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA GAMMA T NG V PHNG X Co-60 HAY Cs-137

VI C IM CA H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA GAMMA T NG V PHNG X Co-60 HAY Cs-137

* Cc ng v c cha trong b nc v ch c a ln khi cn chiu x. * Tng b tng dy 6-12 inch c dng chn tia gamma. * Bc x gamma xuyn qua c bao b v sn phm.

H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA ELECTRON

Hot ng ca chm electron chiu x

Injector Input RF Power Magnetic Scanning System Accelerating Waveguide

Product Container

C IM CA H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA ELECTRON

C th d dng bt tt ngun electron. Dng chm tia electron nng lng cao n 7 MeV. Xuyn qua 2-3 inch b dy sn phm v bao b. Thch hp vi tht xay p lt.

H THNG CHIU X DNG TIA X

NHNG U TH CA TIA X SO VI HAI LOI BC X TRN

C th bt tt d dng. xuyn thu ln.

Khng lo ngi bo qun ngun hay r r phng x.

THNG K S MY CHIU X CNG NGHIP NGUN COBALT-60 TRN TH GiI- NM 2007

BIU TNG CA THC PHM CHIU X

Cc sn phm c chiu x phi c dn nhn RADURA

LI CH CA CHIU X THC PHM

1
Chiu x gip ko di thi gian bo qun thc phm, lm chm qu trnh chn cc loi rau c qu
Tia bc x c tc dng gy tn thng DNA lm bt hot kh nng sinh sn ca vi sinh vt. Thc phm khng xut hin bt k c t no v khng nh hng ti sc kho con ngi. Qu trnh tng tc gia bc x v thc phm ch to ra mt lng nhit khng ng k , nn chiu x dit c vi khun nhng khng lm mt cc cht dinh dng v khng lm bin dng bao b plastic Thc phm chiu x tr ln v sinh v an ton hn, cht lng dinh dng c n nh, thi gian s dng ca thc phm c ko di. to thun li cho khu lu tr v phn phi thc phm

Chiu x gip c ch qu trnh mc mm khoai ty

Du ty

Khng chiu x, bo qun sau 17 ngy 40F (50C)

Chiu x vi mc liu 1.0 kGy; bo qun 40 F (50C)

Nm

Control compared to irradiated (1.0 kGy) mushrooms at 30 days (Control was not edible at 12 days; Irradiated sample edible at 30 days)

U IM CA CHIU X THC PHM

2
Chiu x thc phm gp phn ngn chn s ly lan nhiu dch bnh.
Chiu x trc khi thc phm c xut i tiu th l mt bin php kim dch hu hiu gp phn ngn chn ng k s ly lan ca cc vi khun nh E. Coli, Camplyobacter, Salmonella

V vy thanh trng bc x ngy nay tr thnh phng php ph bin cc nc trn th gii

TC DNG CA CHIU X THC PHM

2
Chiu x thc phm gp phn ngn chn s ly lan nhiu dch bnh.

Cc nh my s dng cng ngh chiu x thc phm vn hnh theo ng qui trnh an ton s khng gy hi n mi trng xung quanh cng nh khng gy nh hng bt li v sc kho ca con ngi.

HN CH CA CHIU X THC PHM

Tuy nhin cng ging nh cc cng ngh ch bin v bo qun thc phm bng ho hc hoc bng nhit cng ngh chiu x thc phm cng i hi c s chiu x v c s sn xut ch bin thc phm phi tun th nhng yu cu nht nh v liu chiu, qui cch sn phm v iu kin lu kho, vn chuyn v ch bin thc phm sau khi chiu x.

Loi thc phm

Mc ch chiu x

Liu hp th (kGy)

Loi 1: Sn phm nng sn dng thn, r, c.

Loi 2: Rau, qu ti (tr loi 1)

c ch ny mm trong qu trnh bo qun

- Lm chm qu trnh chn - Dit cn trng, k sinh trng - Ko di thi gian bo qun - X l kim dch - Dit cn trng - Gim nhim bn vi sinh - c ch ny mm - Hn ch vi sinh vt gy bnh - Ko di thi gian bo qun - Kim sot ng thc vt k sinh

0.1 -0.2
0.3 1 0.3 1 1 2.5 0.2 - 1 0.3 1 1.5 5 0.1 0.25 1-7 1-3 0.1 - 2

Loi 3: ng cc v cc loi sn phm bt nghin t ng cc; u ht, u c du, hoa qu kh Loi 4: Thy sn v sn phm thy sn, bao gm ng vt khng xng sng, ng vt lng c dng ti sng hay ng lnh Loi 5: Tht gia sc, gia cm v sn phm t gia cm dng ti sng v ng lnh Loi 6: rau kh, gia v v tho mc Loi 7: Thc phm kh c ngun gc ng vt

- Hn ch vi sinh vt gy bnh - Ko di thi gian bo qun - Kim sot ng thc vt - Hn ch vi sinh vt gy bnh - Dit cn trng, k sinh trng - Dit cn trng, k sinh trng - Kim sot nm mc - Hn ch vi sinh gy bnh

1-7 1-3 0.1 - 2 2 10 0.3 1 0.3 -1 1- 3 2-7

Vinagamma 2007

CC MC LIU CHIU
C quan qun l thc phm v dc phm M (FDA) quy nh liu dng trong ng dng chiu x thc phm gm ba mc c th nh sau

Liu thp
(<1kGy)

Liu trung bnh

(1-10kGy)
Gim lng vi khun gy hng ko di thi gian s dng ca cc loi tht v hi sn ng lnh 1.503.00 kGy Gim lng vi khun gy bnh ko di thi gian s dng ca cc loi tht v hi sn ti 3.00 7.00 kGy Gim lng vi khun trong gia v tng cng cht lng 10.00kGy.

Liu cao
(>10kGy)

Ngn ny mm cc loi c v hnh ti 0.03-0.15 kGy Lm chm qu trnh chn tri cy 0.25-0.75 kGy Tiu dit cn trng k sinh trn thc phm 0.07-1.00 kGy .

Dit hu ht vi khun v virus cho tht gia sc, gia cm ng gi khng cn bo qun lnh trn vi liu trn 25.00 70 kGy. Ch NASA dng liu chiu n 70.00 kGr trong thc n cho phi hnh gia.

Vinagamma 2007

S lng thc phm chiu x trn th gii

ton
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

hi na U SA U kr in e Bu So u t razi h l A fr i c Vi a et na m Ja pa Be n rg iu m Ko In rea do n Ne esi th a er la nd Fr an Th ce ai la nd

S liu nm 2007

local.ans.org/mi/.../Food%20Irradiation

In di C a an ad a Is ra el

S lng thc phm chiu x trn th gii

Tht, hi sn 33,000t, 8% Ti, khoai ty 88,000t, 22%

Khc 17,000t, 4%

La, tri cy 82,000t, 20%

Gia v v rau qu 186,000t, 46% S liu nm 2007

local.ans.org/mi/.../Food%20Irradiation

S lng thc phm chiu x mi chu lc

Africa and Ukraine 90,000t, 22% America 116,000t, 29%

Asia 183,000t, 45%

Europe 15,000t, 4%

S liu nm 2007

local.ans.org/mi/.../Food%20Irradiation

Chiu x thc phm Chu M

Gia v
Ng cc/ tri cy Tht/ c

Tp chiu x chng mc mm

Thc phm khc

Tng cng (tn)

USA Canada

80,000 1,400

4,000

8,000

92,000 1,400

Brazil
TQ

20,000
101,400

3,000
7,000 8,000

23,000
116,400

S liu nm 2007

local.ans.org/mi/.../Food%20Irradiation

Gia v
Mt phn ba trong tng s thc phm USA

Tri cy

Tht

S liu nm 2007

Canada
t nht c 3 trung tm chiu x thc phm - Quebec, Ontario v British Columbia

- 22-

Gia v 1,400 tn
S liu nm 2007

Tnh hnh chiu x thc phm EU

Nc B c Php H Lan Sc Hungary Phn Lan Croatia Tng cng Thc phm chiu x Gia v, Tht ng lnh, tht g Gia v, dc tho, rau qu kh Gia v, tht ng lnh, tht g Gia v, tht ng lnh, tht g Gia v, dc tho, rau qu kh Gia v, dc tho, tri cy Gia v , dc tho, rau qu kh, nm Gia v, tr dc tho Khi lng (tn) 7,300 500 3,000 3,300 100 100 700 20 15,000

Lut chiu x thc phm cc nc EU

Trc 1999: lut ty tng quc gia. n 1999: Ban hnh lut s 199/2/EC v 199/3/EC (dc tho (kh), gia v, rau...) v c sa cha, hiu chnh n ngy nay.

Tnh hnh chiu x thc phm Croatia

(IMRP-2006) Croatia: 20,000 ton

2005: 20,000 kg

Tnh hnh chiu x thc phm chu

Nc Trung Quc Vit Nam Indonesia Nht Bn Thc phm Ti, khoai ty, hnh ty, go, ng cc, cam, to, nm, tht Tm ng lnh, tht ng lnh, gia v Gia v, da Khoai ty Khi lng (tn) 2002 2005

100,000 146,000 5,200 5,000 8,000 14,200 4,011 8,096

Malaysia
Korea n Thi Lan Bangladesh Philippine Australia

Dc tho
Khoai ty, hnh , ti, gia v Hnh, gia v, khoai ty, tht Dc tho, gia v, Herbs, Spices, xc xch C kh, gia v Gia v, hnh

500
3,300 1,000

482
5,394 1,600

1,130
229 90 27

3,000

326 200

Thit b chiu x Co-60 Trung Quc

- 49 -

Trung tm chiu x Thng Hi

Cng ty t nhn Bc Kinh

Thit b chiu x thc phm n

Chu Phi v cc khu vc khc

Quc gia Nam Phi Ai Cp Ukraina Israel 1,300 Gia v 15,875 550 70,000 La/ tri cy Thc phm khc 2,310 Tng cng (tn) 18,185 550 70,000 1,300 90,035
S liu nm 2007

local.ans.org/mi/.../Food%20Irradiation

Nam Phi

Spices: 18,000 t
Haney S liu nm 2007

Chiu x la Odessa Ukraine

S liu nm 2007 Chiu x la m v la mch 70,000 tn/nm

Ta nh EB Phng iu khin

Tnh hnh chiu x thc phm trn th gii

Quc gia
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Trung Quc USA Ukraine Brazil Nam Phi Vit Nam Nht Bn B Triu Tin Indonesia H Lan

Thc phm
Ti, gia v, la Gia v, tht, tri cy La m, la mch Gia v, tri cy Gia v, Haney Tm ng lnh Khoai ty Tht ng lnh Gia v Gia v, da Gia v, tht

S lng (tn) 146,000 92,000 70,000

23,000 18,185 14,200

Li ch kinh t
4,172 tr CNY 7,316 tr USD 1.4 tr UAH 2,348 tr BRL 4,110 tr ZAR 213 tr USD 1,255 tr JPY 113 tr EUR 161,820 tr KRW 355,475 tr IDR 136 trEUR 232 849 10 219 166 25 1 16 27 12 18

8,096 7,279 5,394 4,011 3,299

12
13 14 15

Php
Thi Lan n Canada

Tht ng lnh
Gia v Gia v, hnh Gia v

3,111
3,000 1,600 1,400

62 tr EUR
636 trTHB 376 tr INR 55 trCAD

8
6 5 5

16

Israel Cc nc khc Tng cng

Gia v

1,300 2,929 404,804

Conversion

1.1 tr ILS

5 11 1,614

by purchasing power parity of IMF 2007

Chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

Cng ngh chiu x TP c nghin cu ng dng nc ta t nm 1981 ti Vin Nghin cu Ht nhn, Lt. Nm 1991, ti Vin Khoa hc v K thut Ht nhn, H Ni, mt thit b chiu x bn cng nghip ngun Cobalt-60 dng cho bo qun lng thc thc phm (ch yu l khoai ty) c a vo hot ng. S kin ny nh du thi im Vit Nam bt u ng dng cng ngh chiu x. Thit b chiu x ny hin ang c nng cp thnh mt thit b chiu x cng nghip. Nm 1999 ti Trung tm Nghin cu v Trin khai Cng ngh Bc x (VINGAMMA) mt thit b chiu x ngun Cobalt-60 cng nghip c a vo hot ng. C th xem l thi im chiu x kh trng DCYT v chiu x TP nc ta pht trin n mc quy m cng nghip. Thit b chiu x cngnghip ti VINAGAMMA c vn hnh an ton v c hiu qu kinh t cao

Chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

V s an ton v sinh thc phm v hiu qu v kinh t, chng ta cn pht trin cng ngh ny nhm phc v vic x l ch bin, bo qun v xut khu cc mt hng nng sn vo th trng ln c cc qui nh v v sinh an ton thc phm v kim dch nghim ngt nh M, Lin minh chu u (EU) v Nht. ng thi, thc phm chiu x cng gp phn to ra ngun thc phm sch v do s lm gim nhng v ng c thc phm tp th v ang rt hay xy ra nc ta.

1.VINAGAMMA

Cc c s chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

2.Son Son Co.

EB irradiation

Cc c s chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

3.Nh my chiu x An Ph, Thun An Bnh Dng (s dng ngun Co 60)

Website ca c s chiu x An Ph: http://www.apic.com.vn/faq.php

Chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

Ngy 14 thng 10 nm 2004, B Y t ban hnh Quy nh v sinh an ton i vi thc phm bo qun bng phng php chiu x theo Quyt nh s 3616/2004/Q-BYT. Quyt nh ny chia cc thc phm c php chiu x theo 7 loi (class) v a ra cc gi tr liu hp th ti thiu v ti a cho php.

Cc c s chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

Hin nay, nng sut x l ca 03 thit b chiu x Min Nam l 50.000 m3 Liu 25 kGy hoc c th chiu x khong t 55.000 tn n 70.000 tn thy hi sn vi liu t 3,5 - 4 kGy.

http://www.vca.org.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=84&News=771&CategoryID=4 http://www.apic.com.vn/faq.php

Chiu x thc phm Vit Nam

Chiu x Thanh Long Liu chiu khong 400 Gray, tun theo tiu chun Aphis (Hoa K). Chi ph chiu x mt k thanh long ca cng ty Sn Sn l 1 1,1 USD (2009)

Chiu x thanh long ti Bnh Thun phc v cho xut khu

L hng thanh long u tin c chiu x Vit Nam nhp cng Long Beach,California (M) ngy 18/10/2008. T nm 2002, chiu x tr thnh phng php x l su bnh hoa qu ti trc khi nhp khu vo Hoa k. Trc khi quyt nh nhp khu thanh long, APHIS t chc nghin cu, phn tch trong phng th nghim, c cc on kim tra thc t t khu gieo trng, thu hoch, bo qun i vi tri thanh long v cc phng tin k thut c s dng kim dch ti Vit Nam. Vit Nam l quc gia ng Nam th 3 sau Thi Lan v n , c php thc hin vic chiu x hoa qu ti nc mnh sau nhp khu vo M. Bnh Thun l tnh c din tch trng thanh long ln nht nc, trn 10.000 ha, sn lng gn 200.000 tn/nm.

Cng ty C phn Chiu x An Ph va a nh my chiu x thanh long vo hot ng 10/2010 ti huyn Thun An, tnh Bnh Dng. Vn u t cho nh my ny l 86 t ng, cng sut 30.000 tn/nm. y l nh my th 2 chiu x tri cy thanh long xut khu qua M c cng nhn t chun. Sp ti, nh my cn chiu x cho cc loi tri cy khc nh nhn, xoi, chm chm. Ngoi chc nng chiu x, n v ny cn lm dch v ng gi, vn chuyn cng nh lm th tc xut nhp khu theo yu cu ch hng. Chi ph chiu x khong 1 USD/kg tri cy.

KT LUN CHUNG
Trong tng lai, vi xu hng hi nhp ton cu, vic chiu x thc phm cng nh nhp khu thc phm chiu x chc chn s ngy mt ph bin hn nc ta. y cng l mt hng i y trin vng cho cc nh sn xut v xut khu thc phm, cng nh nhng nh u t tim nng quan tm n lnh vc thit b chiu x.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. 2. 3. 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation http://uw-food-irradiation.engr.wisc.edu/Process.html http://www.vinagamma.com.vn/index.php?name=index&act=tbcx&lang=vn http://maxreading.com/sach-hay/y-hoc-thuong-thuc/thuc-pham-chieu-xa33477.html 5. http://www.apic.com.vn/textmn.php?id=46&lang=en 6. http://www.vca.org.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=84&News=771&CategoryID=4 7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5q1XkG0Rk4 8. Trn Khc n. Chiu x, mt bin php hu hiu trong kh trng dng c y t v thanh trng hng thc phm. (pdf) 9. B y t. Quyt nh: s 3616 /2004/Q-BYT. (pdf) 10. Cc tiu chun quy phm Vit Nam v chiu x. (pdf) 11. Food irradiation (ppt) 12. Wholesomeness (ppt) 13. Status of Food Irradiation in the World (ppt) 14. Food irradiation: principles and applications By Ricardo A. Molins (google books) 15. http://www.iaea.org/nafa/d5/public/foodirradiation.pdf Facts about food irradiation

www.themegallery.com