Solutions 2e - Solubility

Solubility.
Page
50
C1.9k Solubility.
I can define solubility and identify related factors; i.e., temperature,
pressure and miscibility.
C1.10k Saturated Solutions.

I can explain a saturated solution in terms of equilibrium; i.e., equal rates
of dissolving and crystallization.
Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Solubility.
The maximum amount of substance

that will dissolve at that temperature
(usually g/L).

Factors Affecting Solubility.
The smaller the particles of

a solid solute the faster the
solid will dissolve (more Example
soluble).
Stirring disperses the solute

particles to the solvent
quicker than on its own.
Shaking does the same
thing.
Solids solutes are more soluble at high temperatures

and less soluble at low temperatures.
Gas solutes are more soluble at low temperatures
and less soluble at high temperatures.

Gas solutes are more soluble under

high pressure and less soluble under
low pressure.
Solid solutes are more

soluble under low
pressure.

Miscibility.
Miscibility is the property of two
substances to mix in all proportions,
forming a homogeneous mixture.
The term is most often applied to liquids
but also applies to solids and gases.
For example, water and oil are immiscible
because they do not mix in all proportions.

Page
56
“Degrees of Saturation”

Unsaturated Solutions.
Can dissolve more solute.
Less solute than a saturated solution under existing conditions.
Can continue to add solute.
Unsaturated
Solute + Solvent
100 mL
→ Solution
30.0 g 30.0 g NaClₓ
NaCl H2O
100 mL H2O
Saturated Solutions.
Contains the maximum amount of solid that can be dissolved.
Saturated
Solute + Solvent
100 mL
→ Solution
40.0 g
36.0 g NaClₓ
NaCl H2O
4.0 g NaClₐ
100 mL H2O
Solubility (g / 100 mL H2
200
Supersaturat
180
ed
160
140
120
100
Saturated
80
60
40
Unsaturate
20
d
0 20 40 60 80 100
Unit 3: Solutions Temperature (°C) Chemistry20
Dynamic Equilibrium.
A saturated solutions is said to be in dynamic equilibrium where the;
rate of crystallisation = rate of dissolving

dissolving
solute + solvent ⇌ solution

crystallisation

Degrees of Saturation.
Dissolving
Crystallising
Unsaturated
Saturated Solution
Solution
Supersaturated.
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution under
normal conditions has more solute than it would normally have.
Solution appears saturated but will precipitate out if a single crystal is added

Degrees of Saturation.
Supersaturated
Saturated Solution Precipitate Forms
Solution
Supersaturated Solution Video.

Page
60
“Solubility Charts”

Solubility (g / 100 mL H2O
200
180
NaN
160
O3
140
120
100
NH4
80
60
Cl
40
20
0 20 40 60 80 100
Solubility (mg / 100 mL H2 10
NOₒ
4
O2 ₒ
COₒ
2
CH4ₒ
N 2ₒ
0 10 20 30 40 50

KI KNO3
Solubility (g / 100 mL H2O)

Solubility of Solids. 200
180
What is the NaNO3
solubility of NaNO3 160
at 10 °C? 80 g/ 100 g
140
120
How many grams of
KClO3 could you 12 g/100 g 100
dissolve at 35 °C? 80 NH4Cl
60 KClO3
If you increased the NaCl
40
temperature to 90
°C how many more 20
grams could 36you
g more NH3
Ce2(SO4)3
add? 0 20 40 60 80 100
Model.
1. What is the solubility of ammonium chloride at 88 °C? 72 g NH4Cl/100 g H2O
2. Which solid has the greatest solubility in water at 20 °C? KI
3. What is the solubility of sodium nitrate at 20 °C? 78 g NaNO3/100 g H2O
4. What quantity of ammonium chloride can 70 g be x g

=
dissociated in 250 g of water at 90 °C? 100 g 250 g
H 2O H2 O
x = 175 g can be
dissociated
Guided Practice
1. Which substance has the lowest solubility in water at 0 °C? KClO3
2. A potassium nitrate solution contains 100 grams of solute

and 100 g of water at 40 °C. Is the solution saturated? Explain.
NO, the solution is still
unsaturated as this is below
the saturation line

Summary.
I can define solubility and identify related factors; i.e., temperature,
pressure and miscibility.
I can explain a saturated solution in terms of equilibrium; i.e., equal

rates of dissolving and crystallization.
Learning Check What’s Next?

This concept will be assessed Acids and Bases.
directly on LC 3.4

Page
Complete Q’s 1 - 25
63
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

Solutions 2e - Solubility

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solutions 2e - Solubility

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solubility.

C1.10k Saturated Solutions.

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

The maximum amount of substance

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

The smaller the particles of

Stirring disperses the solute

Solids solutes are more soluble at high temperatures

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Gas solutes are more soluble under

Solid solutes are more

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

A saturated solutions is said to be in dynamic equilibrium where the;

rate of crystallisation = rate of dissolving

solute + solvent ⇌ solution

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

Unit 3: Solutions Temperature (°C) Chemistry20

Solubility (g / 100 mL H2O)

2. Which solid has the greatest solubility in water at 20 °C? KI

3. What is the solubility of sodium nitrate at 20 °C? 78 g NaNO3/100 g H2O

4. What quantity of ammonium chloride can 70 g be x g

2. A potassium nitrate solution contains 100 grams of solute

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

I can explain a saturated solution in terms of equilibrium; i.e., equal

Learning Check What’s Next?

Unit 3: Solutions Chemistry20

You might also like