PROCESS OF

COMMUNICATION

Kinza Rahim
 COMMUNICATION
Communication is the art of
Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message
transmitting information, ideas and and a recipient.
attitudes from one person to another.
Communication is the process of
meaningful interaction among human The transmission of the message from sender to recipient can be
affected by a huge range of things.
beings.

These include our emotions, the cultural situation, the medium

used to communicate, and even our location.

Communication is simply the act of

transferring information from one The complexity is why good communication skills are considered
so desirable by employers around the world: accurate, effective
place, person or group to another. and unambiguous communication is actually extremely hard.
 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Communication skills are the abilities you use when giving and receiving different
kinds of information. Some examples include communicating new ideas, feelings
or even an update on your project. Communication skills involve listening,
speaking, writing, observing and empathizing. They are also helpful to understand
the differences in how to communicate through face-to-face interactions, phone
conversations and digital communications like email and social media.
The Communication Process
Basic Model

1.
Sender
has idea
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1.
Sender
has idea
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2.
Sender Sender
has idea encodes
idea in
message
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2.
Sender Sender
has idea encodes
idea in
message
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2. 3.
Sender Sender Message
has idea encodes travels
idea in over
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2. 3.
Sender Sender Message
has idea encodes travels
idea in over
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

5.
Feedback travels
to sender

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

5.
Feedback travels
to sender

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

5.
Feedback travels
to sender

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

5.
Feedback travels
to sender

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel

6.
Possible additional
feedback to receiver
 The Communication Process
Basic Model

5.
Feedback travels
to sender

1. 2. 3. 4.
Sender Sender Message Receiver
has idea encodes travels decodes
idea in over message
message channel

6.
Possible additional
feedback to receiver
 The Process of Communication

Feedback
travels to
sender
NOISE

Sender Sender Receiver Receiver

has encodes Channel carries message decodes “understands”
idea message message message

NOISE
Possible additional
feedback to
receiver
Linear Model of Communication
COMPLETE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
 Types of Communication
Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is the use of words to
convey a message. Some forms of
verbal communication are written and oral
communication.  form of nonverbal communication is body
Examples of Written Communication: 
-Letters
-Texting
-Emailing
Examples of Oral Communication: 
-Face-to-face conversations
-Speech
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is the use of body
language to convey a message. One main
language.
Examples of Body Language:
-Covering mouth (gesture used to hide a
smile or frown)
-Head nod (agreement)
-Finger tapping (impatient or tired of waiting)
-Arms crossed over chest (gesture indicating
defensiveness or stress)
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VERBAL AND NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Parameter of Comparison Verbal Communication Non Verbal Communication
Definition Verbal communication involves the use of words Non-verbal communication involves the use of
or speech to express emotions or thoughts or visual or non-verbal cues such as facial
exchange information. expressions, eye or body movements, gestures, and
many more without speaking.

Communication Type Formal as well as Informal Informal

Impact of the Message Very impactful as it is documented. Very comprehensive as it shows the actual
emotions of the person.

Communicates Precise information. Required and at times more information.

Conveyed Through Emails, letters, notes, reports, i.e. Anything in Through Body posture, gestures, eye contacts, face
written and oral format where words are used. expressions i.e. any form of expression.

Transparency Status Clear and Concise. Complex and sometimes confusing.

 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Body movements for example, hand gestures or nodding or shaking the head, which are often the easiest element of non-
verbal communication to control;

Posture, or how you stand or sit, whether your arms are crossed, and so on;

Eye contact, where the amount of eye contact often determines the level of trust and trustworthiness;

Para-language, or aspects of the voice apart from speech, such as pitch, tone, and speed of speaking;

Facial expressions, including smiling, frowning and blinking, which are very hard to control consciously. Interestingly, the broad
facial expressions that show strong emotions, such as fear, anger, and happiness, are the same throughout the world; and

Physiological changes, for example, you may sweat or blink more when you are nervous, and your heart rate is also likely to
increase. These are almost impossible to control consciously and are therefore a very important indicator of mental state.
Message by Body

Posture -Hands in
General Appearance
Body Movement pocket (disrespectful
and Dress
in Turkey)

Showing soles of feet.

Sitting with legs
(Offensive in
crossed (offensive in
Thailand, Saudi
Ghana, Turkey)
Arabia)
 Message by Body

Facial Expressions

Eye Contact and Gaze (In USA, eye contact

indicates degree of attention or interest)

Touch (Islamic and Hindu culture:  typically

don’t touch with the left hand). 
 Russia- you get Turkey, Greece,
Brazil- good luck nothing from Tunisia, Holland-
me obscene
Commonly- everything’s all
right perfect

France- Worthless

Japan- Money

Germany- Rude

Malta, Greece, Brazil-

obscene
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Communication

Intrapersonal C:takes place within one

person, it is meant to reflect oneself to
clarify something.

Interpersonal C:takes place within or

among more than 2 people with use of
different mediums of communication.
Communicative Understanding is shaped
by:

Context ,setting

Background, experiences

Knowledge, mood

Values, beliefs and culture

Total Communication Process

Writing
9% Speaking
30%
Reading
16%

Listening
45%
Importance of communication

Communication is the heart of every

organization. Everything you do in the workplace
results from communication. Therefore good
reading, writing, speaking and listening skills are
essential if tasks are completed and goals
achieved. As you develop your career you will
find various reasons why successful
communication skills are important.
 • To secure an
interview
Communicatio • To get the job
n skills are
essential for: • To do your job well
• To advance in your
career
THANK YOU