Quaid -E- Awam University of Engineering, Science and

Technology Nawabshah

Lecture # 6

MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING

Department of Computer Systems Engineering

MICROPROCESSOR CONCEPTS
Intel 4004
 Introduced in 1971.
 It was the first microprocessor by Intel.
 It was a 4-bit µP.
 16-pin Dual in-line package (Dip)
 Harvard Architecture.
 It had 2,300 transistors.
 Instruction set contains 46 instructions.
 12-bit addresses.
 8-bit instructions.
 4-bit data words.
 16 registers
 Small Scale Integrated circuit.
 Clock rate 750 KHz.
 Intel 8008

 Introduced in 1972.
 It was first 8-bit µP.
 18 pin Dip.
 Width: 0.3 inch
 Length: 0.903 inch
 Its clock speed was 500 KHz.
 14- bit address bus
 16KB memory
 14-bit program counter.
 7- 8bit registers i.e AC,A,B,C,D,H,L.
 48- instructions , ISA architecture.
 8-Bit data bus.
 Instruction set – 7 groups.
 Flags: C, P, Z, S.
 Intel 8080

 Introduced in 1974.
 8-bit µP.
 40 pins Dip.
 clock speed: 2 MHz.
 Address lines 16.
 Data bus: 8 bits.
 Memory space : 14-bits.
 Six 8-bit registers i.e B, C, D, E, H, L.
 16-bit stack pointer.
 16-bit program counter.
 Flags: Z, AC, P, C, S.
 8-bit instructions.
 8-bit accumulator.
 16-bit operation i.e BC,DE, HL pair register.
8085
 Introduced in 1976.
 8-bit µP.
 clock speed : 3 MHz.
 data bus: 8-bit
 address bus : 16-bit.
 40 pins Dip.
 64 KB memory.
 246 instructions.
 Seven 8-bits registers ie AC, B, C, D, E, H, L.
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 Flags: S, C, Z, P, AC.
 8-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Power supply +5V.
 8-bit Instruction register.
8086
 Introduced in 1978.
 16-bit µP.
 clock speed : 4.77- 8 MHz.
 data bus: 16-bit
 address bus : 20-bit.
 40 pins Dip.
 1 MB memory.
 ISA architecture.
 Six 8-bits registers ie B, C, D, E, H, L.
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 Flags: S, C, Z, P, AC.
 8-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Introduced base + offset addressing.
 16-bit Instruction register.
8088
 Introduced in 1979.
 8-bit µP.
 clock speed : 5- 16 MHz.
 data bus: 8-bit
 address bus : 20-bit.
 40 pins Dip.
 1 MB memory.
 ISA architecture.
 Six 8-bits registers ie B, C, D, E, H, L.
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 Flags: S, C, Z, P, AC.
 8-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Introduced base + offset addressing.
 16-bit Instruction register.
80188
 Introduced in 1982.
 16-bit µP.
 clock speed : 6 – 25 MHz.
 data bus: 8-bit
 address bus : 20-bit.
 1 MB memory.
 68 pins PLCC (Plastic leaded chip carrier).
 ISA architecture.
 16-bits registers
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 DMA controller, clock generator, interrupt controller.
 16-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Introduced base + offset addressing.
 16-bit Instruction register.
80186
 Introduced in 1982.
 16-bit µP, P1.
 clock speed : 5- 16 MHz.
 data bus: 16-bit
 address bus : 20-bit.
 68 pins PLCC.
 1 MB memory.
 ISA architecture.
 16-bits registers
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 16-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Introduced base + offset addressing.
 16-bit Instruction register.
80286
 Introduced in 1982.
 16-bit µP, P2.
 clock speed : 4- 25 MHz.
 data bus: 16-bit
 address bus : 24-bit.
 68 pins PLCC.
 16 MB memory.
 MUL/DIV instruction.
 16-bits registers.
 16-Bits: AC, PC, SP.
 Multitasking, pipeline, real time processing.
 8-bits instructions.
 16-bits operations.
 Introduced base + offset addressing.
 16-bit Instruction register.
80286 architecture
80386
 Introduced in 1985.
 32-bit µP, P3.
 clock speed : 12- 40 MHz.
 data bus: 32-bit
 address bus : 32-bit.
 132 pins PGA (pin grid array).
 4 GB memory.
 IA-32, i386 architecture.
 8/16/32-bits registers ie B, BX, EBX.
 16/32-Bits: AC, PC, SP, ESP.
 32-bits instructions.
 workstation.
 Data types: bit, byte, BCD, char, string, pointer, 16 bit
integer, 32-bit integer.
 16/32-bit Instruction register.
80386 programming model
80486
 Introduced in 1989.
 32-bit µP, P4.
 clock speed : 16- 100 MHz.
 data bus: 32-bit
 address bus : 32-bit.
 196 pins.
 4 GB memory.
 On chip L1-cache 8K.
 8/16/32-bits registers ie B, BX, EBX.
 16/32-Bits: AC, PC, ESP.
 pipeline.
 16/32-bits operations.
 workstation.
Allah Hafiz