CH 05 The Laws of Motion

Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Storyline
Tenth Edition
Raymond A. Serway & John W. Jewett, Jr., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Tenth Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chapter 5
The Laws of Motion
Raymond A. Serway & John W. Jewett, Jr., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Tenth Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Concept of Force (1 of 2)
© 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
 2 2
F  F1  F2
 2.24 units
 1.00 unit 
1
  tan  
 2.00 unit 
 tan 1  0.500 
 26.6
Newton’s First Law and Inertial Frames (1 of 4)
If an object does not interact with other objects, it is possible to identify a

reference frame in which the object has zero acceleration.
Inertial frame of reference
In the absence of external forces and when viewed from an inertial

reference frame, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in
motion continues in motion with a constant velocity
(that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).
Mass
Mass is a property that specifies how much resistance an object exhibits to

changes in its velocity
m1 a2

m2 a1
Newton’s Second Law (1 of 4)
  1
a F a
m
When viewed from an inertial reference frame, the acceleration of an object is

directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to
its mass:


a
F
m
 
 F  ma
F x  max F y  ma y F z  maz
Units of Force
SI unit of force: newton (N)
2
1 N  1 kg  m/s
2
1 lb  1 slug  ft/s
1
1 N  lb
4
 
 F  ma
The Gravitational Force and Weight (1 of 3)
 
 F  ma  
 
with a  g and  F  Fg
 
Fg  mg
Fg  mg
g varies with
geographic location
Fg  mg
Fg  mg Moon
2
g Moon  1.6 m/s
inertial mass vs.

gravitational mass
Newton’s Third Law (1 of 3)

If two objects interact, the force F12 exerted by
object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude
 and
opposite in direction to the force F21 exerted by
object 2 on object 1:
 
F12  F21
 
Fg  FEp
 
FpE  FEp
  
 F  n  mg  0
 n ˆj  mg ˆj  0
n  mg
Free-Body Diagram
Analysis Models Using Newton’s Second Law
Analysis Model: The Particle in Equilibrium

F  0
F y  T  Fg  0
or T  Fg
Analysis Model: The Particle Under a Net Force (1 of 3)
 
 F  ma
T
 Fx  T  max or ax  m
F y  n  Fg  0 or n  Fg
F y  0  n  Fg  F  0
n  Fg  F  mg  F
Analysis Model: Particle in Equilibrium

F  0
Analysis Model: Particle Under a Net Force
 
 F  ma
Forces of Friction (1 of 2)
Forces of Friction (2 of 2)
Coefficients of Friction
Table 5.1 Coefficients of Friction
f s  s n Rubber on concrete
s
1.0
k
0.8
Steel on steel 0.74 0.57
Aluminum on steel 0.61 0.47
Glass on glass 0.94 0.4
f s  f s ,max   s n Copper on steel 0.53 0.36
Wood on wood 0.25–0.5 0.2
Waxed wood on wet snow 0.14 0.1
Waxed wood on dry snow — 0.04
f k  k n
Metal on metal (lubricated) 0.15 0.06
Teflon on Teflon 0.04 0.04
Ice on ice 0.1 0.03
Synovial joints in humans 0.01 0.003
Note: All values are approximate. In some cases, the coefficient of friction can exceed 1.0.

CH 05 The Laws of Motion

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CH 05 The Laws of Motion

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Physics for Scientists and Engineers

If an object does not interact with other objects, it is possible to identify a

Inertial frame of reference

In the absence of external forces and when viewed from an inertial

Mass is a property that specifies how much resistance an object exhibits to

When viewed from an inertial reference frame, the acceleration of an object is

SI unit of force: newton (N)

inertial mass vs.

Table 5.1 Coefficients of Friction

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