MEASURES OF

CENTRAL
TENDENCIES
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
A. Measures of variability
- Another important characteristic of a
data set is how it is distributed, or how far
each element is from some measure of
central tendency (average).
- We next intend to analyze a set of data
by describing its spread or dispersion. It is
important to know how a set of values
spreads out or fructuates.
3 MEASURES OF VARIATION
1. Range = HV – LV
2. Variance = is mathematical expectations of
the squared deviations from the mean.
3. Standard Deviation = is a statistical term
that provides a good indication of
volatility. Volatility is a measure of risk, so
this statistic can help determine the risk an
inventor might take on when purchasing a
specific security.
The standard deviation is much bigger for boys, so
their scores are far more spread out from the mean
with scores being much higher and much lower than
average…
The girls had a smaller standard deviation so..
meaning most girls achieved close to the said average.
In summary..

Standard deviation measures the spread of data from

the mean..

If the standard deviation is LARGE

Participants scores are FAR AWAY from the mean

If the standards deviation is SMALL

Participants scores are CLOSE to the mean

 EXTENSION OF THE MEASURES
OF DISPERSION AND LOCATION
 

Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54 Solution:
n=9
Q1 = 1(9+1)/4 Q3 = 3(9+1)/4
Ascending Order = 2.5 = 7.5
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 Q1=2nd value +0.5 (3rd-2nd) Q3=7th value +0.5 (8th-7th)
= 46+0.5(48-46) = 55+0.5(58-55)
Q1= 47 Q3= 56.5
Given the formula of Quartile
Qi = i (n+1)/4 Midhinge = Q1 + Q3 = 47 + 56.5
2 2
Midhinge = 51.75
 
Q1 Q2 Q3

1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank 4th rank

Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54
Ascending Order IQR = Q3 – Q1
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 = 56.5 – 47
IQR = 9.5
Q1 = 47
Q3 = 56.5
 

Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54 QD = Q3 – Q1
2
= 56.5 – 47
2
Ascending Order
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 QD = 4.75

Q1 = 47
Q3 = 56.5
 

or
Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54
_
Ascending Order X= X = 45+46+48+51+53+54+55+58+59
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 n 9
n=9 = 52.11
ldl=lx–xl
Data Sets (x) lx–xl ldl
45 45-52.11 = 7.11 MAD = ldl
46 46-52.11 = 6.11 n
48 48-52.11 = 4.11 = 36.89
51 51-52.11 = 1.11 9
53 53-52.11 = 0.89 l d l=36.89 MAD = 4.10
54 54-52.11 = 1.89
*On Average, each Data
55 55-52.11 = 2.89 points was about 4
58 58-52.11 = 5.89 Distance away from
59 59-52.11 = 6.89 the mean
  

Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54
_
Ascending Order X= X = 45+46+48+51+53+54+55+58+59
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 n 9
n=9 = 52.11
lx–xl2
Data Sets (x) x x l x–x l l x–x l 2
45 45-52.11 = -7.11 50.55
46 46-52.11 = -6.11 37.33
48 48-52.11 = -4.11 16.89
51 51-52.11 = -1.11 1.23
53 53-52.11 = 0.89 0.79 l x–x l 2 =200.87 s 2 = 200.87
54 54-52.11 = 1.89 3.57 9-1
55 55-52.11 = 2.89 8.35 s 2 = 25.11
58 58-52.11 = 5.89 34.69
59 59-52.11 = 6.89 47.47
  

Example:
45, 46, 59, 53, 51, 58, 55, 48, 54 _
X= X = 45+46+48+51+53+54+55+58+59
Ascending Order n 9
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,58, 59 = 52.11
n=9
lx–xl2
Data Sets (x) x x lx–xl l x–x l2
45 45-52.11 = -7.11 50.55 s 2 = 200.87
46 46-52.11 = -6.11 37.33 9-1
48 48-52.11 = -4.11 16.89 s 2 = 25.11
51 51-52.11 = -1.11 1.23
53 53-52.11 = 0.89 0.79 l x–x l 2=200.87
54 54-52.11 = 1.89 3.57
55 55-52.11 = 2.89 8.35
58 58-52.11 = 5.89 34.69 SD = √ 25.11
59 59-52.11 = 6.89 47.47 SD = 5.01
ADVANCE STATISTICS
The following are the distribution of the ages of 100 employees
in market developers corporation situated in Makati.

Age f F≤

20 – 24 11 22 242 -2 -22 11

25 - 29 24 27 648 -1 -24 35

30 - 34 30 32 960 0 0 65

35 - 39 18 37 666 1 18 83

40 - 44 11 42 462 2 22 94

45 - 49 5 47 235 3 15 99

50 - 54 1 52 52 4 4 100

N = 100 3,265 13