Study Id68361 Education-In-Myanmar

POLITICS & SOCIETY
Education in Myanmar
Table of Contents
01 Overview 04 Tertiary education

Adult literacy rates APAC 2018-2020, by country 03 Gross enrollment rate for tertiary education Myanmar 2011-2018 22
Education expenditure as share of government spending Myanmar 2017-2019 04 Number of enrolled students Myanmar 2019, by study major 23
Duration of compulsory education APAC 2020, by country 05 Number of graduates Myanmar 2019, by study major 24
Duration of free primary and secondary education APAC 2020, by country 06 Number of students present at matriculation examination Myanmar 2015-2019 25
Expected years of school APAC 2020, by country 07 Number of students who passed matriculation examination Myanmar 2015-2020 26
Gross enrollment rate from pre-primary to tertiary education Myanmar 2018, by gender 08
Number of days of school closures in APAC 2021, by country 09 05 Teaching staff
Pupil to teacher ratio Myanmar 2018, by educational level 28
02 Primary education Number of primary school teachers Myanmar 2015-2020 29
Gross enrollment rate for pre-primary education Myanmar 2009-2018 11 Number of middle school teachers Myanmar 2015-2020 30
Enrollment rate for primary education Myanmar 2009-2018 12 Number of high school teachers Myanmar 2015-2019 31
Number of primary schools Myanmar 2015-2020 13
Number of primary school students Myanmar 2015-2019 14
03 Secondary education
Enrollment rate for secondary education Myanmar 2009-2018 16
Number of middle schools Myanmar 2015-2020 17
Number of middle school students Myanmar 2015-2019 18
Number of high schools Myanmar 2015-2020 19
Number of high school students Myanmar 2015-2019 20
1
CHAPTER 01
Overview
Adult literacy rates in the Asia-Pacific region from 2018 to 2020, by country
Adult literacy rates APAC 2018-2020, by country
2018 2019 2020
Bangladesh 73.91% 74.68% 74.91%
Brunei 97.21% % %
China 96.84% % %
India 74.37% % %
Indonesia 95.66% % 96%
Macao 96.54% % %
Malaysia 94.85% 94.97% %
Maldives 97.73% % %
Mongolia 98.42% % 99.18%
Myanmar 75.55% 89.07% %
Nepal 67.91% % %
Pakistan 57.01% 58% %
Singapore 97.34% 97.48% 97.13%
Sri Lanka 91.71% 92.25% 92.38%
3 Description: In 2020, the adult literacy rate among the population above 15 years of age in Mongolia amounted to approximately 99.2 percent, more than in any other country in the Asia-Pacific region. Comparatively, the adult literacy rate in Pakistan amounted to
approximately 58 percent of the population aged 15 years and above in 2019. Read more
Note(s): Asia, APAC; 2018 to 2020
Source(s): World Bank
Expenditure on education as a share of total government expenditure in Myanmar
from 2017 to 2019
Education expenditure as share of government spending Myanmar 2017-2019
12%
10.35% 10.46%
10.1%
10%
8%
Education expenditure
6%
4%
2%
0%
2017 2018 2019
4 Description: Myanmar`s expenditure on education in 2019 amounted to approximately 10.46 percent of total government spending. This was an increase of less than one percent from 2017. Despite Myanmar`s efforts to put more focus on to its education sector,
a higher share of government spending went on defense. Despite not having a higher level of expenditure put into education, Myanmar still had a high net enrollment rate in primary schools. Read more
Note(s): Myanmar [Burma]; 2017 to 2019
Duration of compulsory education in the Asia-Pacific region in 2020, by country
Duration of compulsory education APAC 2020, by country
Number of years
Philippines 13
North Korea 12
Pakistan 12
Mongolia 12
Sri Lanka 11
Macao 10
Vietnam 10
Australia 10
New Zealand 10
Hong Kong 9
China 9
Japan 9
Laos 9
Brunei 9
Timor-Leste 9
5 Description: In 2020, the duration of compulsory education in the Philippines was 13 years, the longest in the Asia-Pacific region. In comparison, compulsory education in Bangladesh and Myanmar lasted only five years. Read more
Note(s): Asia, APAC; 2020
Number of years of free primary and secondary school education in the Asia-Pacific
region in 2020, by country or region
Duration of free primary and secondary education APAC 2020, by country
Number of years
Sri Lanka 13
Maldives 12
Hong Kong 12
Thailand 12
Indonesia 12
Philippines 12
Pakistan 12
Nepal 12
Macao 12
Mongolia 12
DPR Korea 11
Malaysia 11
Bhutan 11
Laos 9
South Korea 9
6 Description: In 2020, 13 years of primary and secondary school education in Sri Lanka were free. In comparison, only five years of pre-tertiary school education in Myanmar, Vietnam, and Bangladesh were free that same year. Read more
Source(s): UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Expected years of schooling in the Asia-Pacific region in 2020, by country or territory
Expected years of school APAC 2020, by country
Expected years of school
Singapore 13.92
New Zealand 13.7
Japan 13.64
Australia 13.6
South Korea 13.59
Hong Kong 13.54
Sri Lanka 13.22
Brunei 13.17
Mongolia 13.16
China 13.14
Philippines 12.95
Macao 12.9
Vietnam 12.86
Thailand 12.72
Malaysia 12.47
7 Description: As of 2020, the estimated expected years of schooling for students under 18 years in Singapore was 13.9 years, which was the highest in the Asia-Pacific region. In contrast, the expected duration of schooling in Afghanistan amounted to 8.9 years that
year. Read more
Gross enrollment rate from pre-primary to tertiary education in Myanmar in 2018, by
gender
Gross enrollment rate from pre-primary to tertiary education Myanmar 2018, by gender
Female Male
140%
120% 114.85%
109.74%
100%
Gross enrollment rate
80%
71.3%
65.6%
60%
40%
21.98%
20% 15.63%
8.61% 8.45%
0%
Pre-primary Primary Secondary Tertiary
8 Description: In 2018, primary education was the educational level with the highest gross enrollment rate in Myanmar, exceeding 100 percent for both female and male students. The gross enrollment rate for female students was higher than that for male students
in the pre-primary, secondary, and tertiary educational levels. Read more
Note(s): Myanmar [Burma]; 2018
Duration of full and partial school closures due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) in the
Asia-Pacific region as of February 2021, by country
Number of days of school closures in APAC 2021, by country
Full school closures Partial school closures
300
250
200
Number of days
150
100
50
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9 Description: As of February 2021, there were 216 days of full school closures due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Myanmar, more than in any other country in the Asia-Pacific region. With a total of 281 days, India had the highest amount of full and partial school
closures in that same period. Countries with comparatively longer school closures such as Myanmar, Indonesia, and the Philippines performed rather poorly in a survey on satisfaction rate with local education conducted in 2020 and early 2021. Read more
Note(s): Asia, APAC; 2020 to February 2021
Source(s): UNICEF
CHAPTER 02
Primary education
Gross enrollment rate for pre-primary education in Myanmar from 2009 to 2018
Gross enrollment rate for pre-primary education Myanmar 2009-2018
12%
10% 9.78%
9.07%
8.53%
8% 7.65%
6% 5.69%
4%
2%
0%
2009 2010 2016 2017 2018
11 Description: In 2018, the gross enrollment rate for pre-primary education in Myanmar amounted to 8.53 percent. While this marked a decrease from the previous year, it represented an overall increase from 5.69 percent in 2009. Read more
Net and gross enrollment rates for primary education in Myanmar from 2009 to 2018
Enrollment rate for primary education Myanmar 2009-2018
Net enrollment Gross enrollment
120%
112.22% 112.31%
108.9%
101.83%
97.98% 98.11% 96.13% 97.66% 97.93%
100%
88.93% 89.01%
80%
Enrollment rate
60%
40%
20%
0%
2009 2010 2014 2016 2017 2018
12 Description: In 2018, the net enrollment rate for primary education in Myanmar amounted to around 97.9 percent. This represented a significant increase from 2009, when the net enrollment rate for primary education in Myanmar stood at approximately 88.9
percent. Read more
Number of primary schools in Myanmar from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of primary schools Myanmar 2015-2020
45
40 38.65 38.02 38.2 37.42

36.27 35.88
Number of primary schools in thousands
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
13 Description: In 2020, there were about 35.88 thousand primary schools in Myanmar. In that year, there were approximately 236.17 thousand primary school teachers and about 4.85 million primary school students. Read more
Source(s): Ministry of Education (Myanmar); MMSIS
Number of primary school students in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 (in millions)
Number of primary school students Myanmar 2015-2019
5.12 5.07 5.14 5.04 4.95

5
Number of students in millions
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
14 Description: In 2019, there were about 4.95 million primary school students in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 36.27 thousand primary schools and 240.66 thousand primary school teachers in the country. Read more
CHAPTER 03
Secondary education
Net and gross enrollment rates for secondary education in Myanmar from 2009 to
2018
Enrollment rate for secondary education Myanmar 2009-2018
Net enrollment Gross enrollment
80%
70% 68.44%
64.28% 64.06%
60.32% 59.62%
60% 56.32%
51.79%
47.93% 48.14% 48.72%
50%
Enrollment rate
44.79% 45.05%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2009 2010 2014 2016 2017 2018
16 Description: In 2018, the net enrollment rate for secondary education in Myanmar amounted to around 64 percent. This represented a significant increase from 2009, when the net enrollment rate for primary education in Myanmar stood at approximately 44.8
percent. Read more
Number of middle schools in Myanmar from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of middle schools Myanmar 2015-2020
7
6.55
6 5.63
Number of middle schools in thousands
3.94
4
3 2.62 2.64
2.51
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
17 Description: In 2020, there were about 6.55 thousand middle schools in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 115.71 thousand middle school teachers and 3.09 million middle school students in the country. Read more
Number of middle school students in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 (in millions)
Number of middle school students Myanmar 2015-2019
3.5
3.01
3.0 2.94
2.69 2.73 2.7
Number of students in millions
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
18 Description: In 2019, there were more than three million middle school students in Myanmar. That year, there were around 5.63 thousand middle schools and approximately 108.96 thousand middle school teachers in the country. Read more
Number of high schools in Myanmar from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of high schools Myanmar 2015-2020
3.0 2.85
2.6
2.5
2.29
Number of high schools in thousands
1.92 1.97
2.0
1.78
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
19 Description: In 2020, there were about 2.85 thousand high schools in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 45.2 thousand high school teachers and 1.04 million high school students. Read more
Number of high school students in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Number of high school students Myanmar 2015-2019
1,200
1,048.87
1,009.8
1,000
925.14
Number of students in thousands
840.71
792.67
800
600
400
200
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
20 Description: In 2019, there were about 1.05 million high school students in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 2.6 thousand high schools and more than 42.1 thousand high school teachers in the country. Read more
CHAPTER 04
Tertiary education
Gross enrollment rate for tertiary education in Myanmar from 2011 to 2018
Gross enrollment rate for tertiary education Myanmar 2011-2018
20%
18.82%
18%
16%
14.18%
14% 13.53%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2011 2012 2018
22 Description: In 2018, the gross enrollment rate for tertiary education in Myanmar amounted to approximately 18.8 percent. This represented an increase in university enrollment compared to around 14.2 percent in 2011. Read more
Number of enrolled students in higher education in Myanmar in 2019, by study major
Number of enrolled students Myanmar 2019, by study major
Number of students
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
Computer science 17,228
Medicine 10,416
Nursing 2,460
Agriculture 2,452
Dental medicine 1,592
Arts and culture 1,539
Medical technology 1,343
Veterinary science 1,184
Pharmacy 968
Community health 805
Forestry 436
23 Description: In 2019, computer science was the most popular higher education study major in Myanmar, with more than 17.2 thousand students studying this subject. With approximately 10.4 thousand students, medicine was the second most preferred study
major, compared to just 436 students who were enrolled in studying forestry. Read more
Number of graduates in Myanmar as of September 2019, by study major
Number of graduates Myanmar 2019, by study major
Number of students
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
Medicine 3,002
Computer science 2,492
Nursing 868
Agriculture 675
Arts and culture 383
Dental medicine 361
Veterinary science 309
Medical technology 271
Pharmacy 207
Community health 134
Public health 85
Traditional medicine 83
Forestry 82
24 Description: In 2019, the subject which produced the highest number of graduates in Myanmar was medicine, in which there were over 3,000 graduates. Contrastingly, there were just 82 graduates in Myanmar whose study major was forestry in this period.
Read more
Number of students who appeared for matriculation examination in Myanmar from
2015 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Number of students present at matriculation examination Myanmar 2015-2019
900 851.52
789.85
800
716.19
700
636.24
597.95
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
25 Description: In 2019, approximately 851.5 thousand students appeared for the matriculation examination in Myanmar. This was a huge increase from 2015, when just under 598 thousand students appeared for the matriculation examination. A matriculation
examination is a type of exam which is typically taken before entrance into university. Read more
Number of students who passed the matriculation examination in Myanmar from
2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of students who passed matriculation examination Myanmar 2015-2020
350
300 291.8
267.7
259.19
250 242.74
224.85
200 190.39
150
100
50
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
26 Description: In 2020, the number of students who passed the matriculation examination amounted to approximately 291.8 thousand students. This represented an increase from the previous year, which saw around 267.7 thousand students pass the
matriculation examination. Read more
CHAPTER 05
Teaching staff
Pupil to teacher ratio from pre-primary to tertiary education in Myanmar in 2018, by
educational level
Pupil to teacher ratio Myanmar 2018, by educational level
40
35.52
35
30 28.73
24.36
Pupil to teacher ratio
25 23.9
20
14.95
15
10
0
Pre-primary Primary Lower secondary Upper secondary Tertiary
28 Description: In 2018, the pupil to teacher ratio in Myanmar was highest in tertiary education, with the number of students per teacher averaging 35.52. In contrast, the pupil to teacher ratio in pre-primary education in Myanmar stood at around 14.95 that year.
Read more
Number of primary school teachers in Myanmar from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of primary school teachers Myanmar 2015-2020
300
248.59
250 240.86 236.17
234.61
226.68
Number of teachers in thousands
197.12
200
150
100
50
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
29 Description: In 2020, there were about 236.17 thousand primary school teachers in Myanmar. That year, there were around 35.88 thousand primary schools and approximately 4.85 million primary school students in the country. Read more
Number of middle school teachers in Myanmar from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of middle school teachers Myanmar 2015-2020
140
120 115.71
108.96
104.08
96.97 99.5
100
80.66
80
60
40
20
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
30 Description: In 2020, there were 115.71 thousand middle school teachers in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 6.55 thousand middle schools and around 3.09 million middle school students in the country. Read more
Number of high school teachers in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Number of high school teachers Myanmar 2015-2019
45
42.1
39.52 40.16
40 39
35 33.92
30
25
20
15
10
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
31 Description: In 2019, there were about 42 thousand high school teachers in Myanmar. That year, there were approximately 2.6 thousand high schools and 1.05 million high school students in the country. Read more
Sources
Central Statistical Organization (Myanmar)

Ministry of Education (Myanmar)
MMSIS
Myanmar Police Force
UNESCO
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
UNICEF
World Bank
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POLITICS & SOCIETY

01 Overview 04 Tertiary education

2018 2019 2020

Bangladesh 73.91% 74.68% 74.91%

Indonesia 95.66% % 96%

Malaysia 94.85% 94.97% %

Mongolia 98.42% % 99.18%

Myanmar 75.55% 89.07% %

Pakistan 57.01% 58% %

Singapore 97.34% 97.48% 97.13%

Sri Lanka 91.71% 92.25% 92.38%

Expected years of school

New Zealand 13.7

South Korea 13.59

Hong Kong 13.54

Sri Lanka 13.22

Full school closures Partial school closures

Net enrollment Gross enrollment

40 38.65 38.02 38.2 37.42

5.12 5.07 5.14 5.04 4.95

Net enrollment Gross enrollment

Computer science 17,228

Dental medicine 1,592

Arts and culture 1,539

Medical technology 1,343

Veterinary science 1,184

Community health 805

Central Statistical Organization (Myanmar)

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