ENGR. MARC ERICK VON A.

TIOSING

THE ELEMENTS OF A
GOOD RESEARCH
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BLUETOOTH
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ODDS ARE AGAINST YOU

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UNFINISHED BUSINESS
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FORGIVE AND FORGET

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TOUCHDOWN!
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ONCE IN A BLUE MOON

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SCRAMBLED EGGS
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STAND IN THE CORNER

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CAPTAIN HOOK
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JUST BETWEEN YOU AND ME

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THREE DEGREES BELOW ZERO

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ACT OUT OF CHARACTER

ICE BREAKER NO. 13

SHUT UP!
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WATER (H2O)
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WITHOUT A SECOND GLANCE

WHAT IS A
RESEARCH?
Research is a systematic and
objective analysis and recording
of controlled observations that
may lead to the development of
generalizations, principles or
theories resulting in prediction
and possibly ultimate control of
events.
COMMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
ABOUT RESEARCH
 Research is not mere information
gathering. It is not research when one
merely restates what is already known or
what has been written about.
 Research is not mere transportation of
facts from one location to another. It is a
common misconception among students
that looking for a few facts and presenting
them in written paper with references
constitute research.
COMMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
ABOUT RESEARCH
 Research is not merely rummaging for
information. Looking through personal
records or at the public or college library is
not research but can be more appropriately
considered self-enlightenment.
 Research is not a catchword used to get
attention. The word research is now used.
In most commercials to prove customers
that a certain product is effective.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN
RESEARCH
 To Newton, as stated in the “Rules for the
Study of Natural Philosophy” (1999),
scientific method refers to “the body of
techniques for investigating
phenomena, acquiring new knowledge,
or correcting and integrating previous
knowledge. It is based on gathering
observable, empirical and measurable
evidences subject to specific
principles of reasoning.”
4 MAJOR STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
 OBSERVATION
 HYPOTHESIS
 EXPERIMENTATION
 INDUCTION
OBSERVATION
This is not more obtaining of information
through visuals but rather it requires
special knowledge, skills, critical mind, and
introspection of the researcher. Scientific
observation usually includes the
formulation of the problem and the
collection of observed data to solve it.
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis cannot be proven. It is usually tested
by observing the outcome of an experiment. If the
outcome is inconsistent with the hypothesis, then
the hypothesis is rejected.
If the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis,
then the experiment is said to support the
hypothesis, thus, the hypothesis is accepted. In
this sense, a hypothesis can never be proven, but
rather supported by scientific testing. A useful
hypothesis allows prediction which in time, will be
verified.
EXPERIMENTATION
Experimentation is another step in the
scientific method in research. In many
ways, the use of controlled and repeatable
experimentation is the very essence of this
method. Experimentation is done either to
support or disprove the hypothesis. This
clearly explains that hypothesis testing like
scientific thinking is also a method used in
research.
INDUCTION
The inductive approach of scientific
thinking moves from specific observations
to generalizations and theories. In
inductive reasoning, we start with specific
observations and measures then try to
determine patterns, formulate hypothesis
that can be explored, and finally develop
some good conclusions/generalizations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
1. Research originates with a question or
problem.
2. Research requires clear articulation of a
goal.
3. Research is a specific plan or
proceeding.
4. Research usually divides the principal
problem into more manageable sub-
problems.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
5. Research is guided by the specific research
problem, question, or hypothesis.
6. Research accepts certain critical
assumptions.
7. Research requires the collection and
interpretation of data in an attempt to
resolve the problem that initiates the
research.
8. Research is, by its nature, cyclical or more
exactly helical.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research originates with a question or
problem.
 Questions lead to the research process.
Man, a curious organism wants an
answer to his problem or inquiry, tries to
seek solutions through research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research requires clear articulation of a
goal.
 The ultimate goal of research must be
clearly stated. The statement should
answer the question, “What problem do
you intend to solve?”
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research is a specific plan or proceeding.
 A researcher should plan the overall
research design and methods in a
purposeful way so that he can acquire
data relevant to his/her research
problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research usually divides the principal
problem into more manageable sub-
problems.
 Breaking down the principal problems
into small manageable sub-problems is
a good strategy to solve the main
problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research is guided by the specific
research problem, question, or hypothesis.
 Having the problem divided into sub-
problems, the researcher usually forms
one or more hypotheses about what he
or she may discover.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research accepts certain critical
assumptions.
 The researcher should set forth a valid
assumption or else the research would
be meaningless.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research requires the collection and
interpretation of data in an attempt to resolve
the problem that initiates the research.
 After conducting research the data
collected, must be analyzed and
interpreted in the light of the findings.
Those which are not analyzed and
interpreted can never help the researcher
answer the questions he posed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH
Research is, by its nature, cyclical or more
exactly helical.
 It is said that research begets more
research because in its conduct, it is
possible that one encounters some
problems that could be resolved by
another research to be conducted.
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
 The purpose and objectives of the research
should be clearly defined.
 The common concepts and terms to be
used should be listed and clearly explained.
 The research design should be planned
well so as to produce objective results.
 Objective reports on irregularities,
constraints, limitations, and delimitations
should be reported.
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
 The analysis of data should be done
sufficiently and adequately to bring out
significant results.
 The method of analysis (statistical
tools/treatment) should be appropriate.
Validity and reliability should be checked
carefully.
Conclusions should be stated based on the
findings of the research and limited to those
which the data provide.
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
 A good research is ethical.
 Its researchers should be honest about their
procedures and results.
 It should cause no harm on the respondents
or participants.
 It should involve voluntary participation of
respondents who give their informed consent.
 A good research addresses the issue of
generalizability, that is, its applicability to
the population.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!