LAW ENFORCEMENT

ORGANIZATION
AND
ADMINISTRATION
INTER-AGENCY
LYEN CAREL T. GARCIA, RCrim
APPROACH
TOP 1
JUNE 2022 CLE
 ROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY
TABLES OF SPECIFICATION
LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION 15%

LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION INTER-AGENCY Number of

APPROACH Items
and
The registered criminologist can perform the competencies under the following Distributio
sub-topics: n
100

20
Explain and execute the principles of organization, management, and administration; 7

Compare and distinguish the organization of law enforcement and public safety 6
agencies as provided under E.O. 292 Series of 1987 and other relevant laws
Relate and adapt the powers, functions, and organizational structures of various law 7
enforcement and public safety agencies.
 POLICE
It is an agency of a community or
government that is responsible
for enforcing the law,
maintaining public order, and
preventing and detecting
crime.
A group of trained personnel
in the field of public safety
administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives
that promotes the maintenance of
peace and order, protection of life
and property, enforcement of the
laws and the prevention of crimes.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY
Includes other agencies
under the executive branch
of the government in charge
with the execution or
enforcement of laws.
These are organizations
and offices of the
government that enforces
the laws or assist the
enforcement of the law as
mandate by the law.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AS THE FIRST PILLAR OF
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM IS THE LAW ENFORCEMENT

Its function is to conduct investigation on the alleged crime committed

by a person, to arrest or detain violator of the penal law or an ordinance
to effect the warrant issued by the court and to assist the
complainant to file a case.
 LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION
AND ADMINISTRATION
LAW
It is the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as
regulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
ENFORCEMENT
Means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.
ORGANIZATION
A group of person working together for a common goal or objective. A form of
human association for the attainment of goal or objective.
ADMINISTRATION
An organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives
and plans and internal operating efficiency.
 THE ANCIENT LAW ENFORCEMENT
THE SUMERIANS
The earliest record of ancient people’s need in standardized rules and methods of
enforcement to control human behavior dates back to approximately 2300 B.C. when the
Sumerian rulers LIPITHSTAR and ESHUMMA set standards on what constituted
an offense against the society.

THE BABYLONIANS
The Code of King Hammurabi – during the time of Babylonian King Hammurabi,
he established rules for his kingdom that designated not only offenses but
punishment as well. The principle of the code was that “the strong shall not injure
the weak”. Hammurabi originated the legal principle of LEX TALIONES – the eye for
an eye, tooth for a tooth doctrine.
ANCIENT EGYPT
The early Egyptians established laws and courts and a rudimentary rule of law.
The first accounts of a developing court system in Egypt in approximately 1500
B.C. the court system was presided by judges appointed by the
pharaoh. They later organized marine patrols and custom houses to protect
commerce.

ANCIENT GREECE
The Greeks had an impressive of law enforcement called the EPHORI. Each
year at SPARTA, a body of EPHORS was elected and given almost
unlimited powers as investigators, judge, jury and executioner. These
five men also preside over the Senate and Assembly
ANCIENT ROME
The Romans had a highly developed system to administer justice. The 12
Tabulae (12 tables) were the first written laws of Roman Empire. It
deals with legal procedures, property, ownership, building codes, marriage
customs and punishment for crimes. At the reign of Emperor Augustus, he
created the Praetorian Guard, which is consisted of about 7000 men
/soldiers to protect the palace and the city of Rome, together with the Urban
Cohorts to patrol the city. He also created the so-called Vigiles who were
assigned as firefighters and eventually given law enforcement
responsibilities. As the first civilian police force, the Vigiles sometimes
kept the peace very ruthlessly, hence the word Vigilantes came up.
 Key Terminologies

Sworn Officers – all personnel of the police department who have oath and who
posses the power to arrest.
Superior Officer - one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or
permanently, over officers of lower rank.
Commanding Officer - an officer who is in command of the department, a
bureau, a division, an area, or a district.
Ranking Officer - the officer who has the more senior rank/higher rank in
a team or group.
Length of Service - the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of
office was administered. Previous active services may be included or
added.
On Duty - the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance
of his duty.
Off Duty - the nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine
duty.
Special Duty - the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer
be excused from the performance of his active regular duty.
Leave of Absence - period, which an officer is excused from active
duty by any valid/acceptable reason, approved by higher authority.
Sick Leave - period which an officer is excused from active duty by
reason of illness or injury.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an
officer from the privilege of performing his duties as result of violating
directives or other department regulations.
Department Rules - rules established by department
directors/supervisors to control the conduct of the members of the
police force.
Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines the duties of
officers assigned to specified post or position.
Order - an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate,
either a. General Order, b. Special, or c. Personal
Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to
be verbal reports; verbal reports should be confirmed by written
communication.
 ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. The systematic arrangement of the
relationship of the members, positions, departments and functions or work of the
organization. It is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and
authorities of individuals within the organization.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART. An illustration in the form of a chart which

represents the organizational structure. The mechanical means of depicting the
organizational structure.

Types of Organizational Structure

Line Organization
Functional Organization
Line and Staff Organization
 LINE ORGANIZATION

The straight line organization, often called the individual, military or

departmental type of organization, is the simplest and perhaps the oldest
type; but it is seldom encountered in its channels of authority and responsibility
extends in a direct line from top to bottom within the structures,
authority is definite and absolute.
 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION

The functional organization in its pure form is rarely found in present day
organizations, except at or near the top of the very large
organizations.
Unlike the line type of structure, those establishments organized on a
functional basis violate the prime rule that men perform best when
they have but one superior.
Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that
uses the principle of specialization based on function or role.
 LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION

The Line andStaff organization is a combination of the

line and functional types.
It combines staff specialist such as the criminalists, the training
officers, the research and development specialists, etc.
Channels of responsibility is to “think and provide expertise”
for the line units.
The line supervisor must remember that he obtains advice from
the staff specialists.
 ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATON
Specialization – is the assignment of particular workers to particular tasks
Hierarchy of Authority – A hierarchy represents the formal relationship among
superiors and subordinates in any given organization. It can be visualized as a
ladder, with each rung (or rank) representing a higher or lower level of
authority.
Authority - Authority is the right to command and control the behavior of
employees in lower positions within an organizational hierarchy. A hierarchy thus
serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward (and obedience upward)
through the department.
Span of Control - A span of control is the maximum number
subordinates at a given position that superior can supervise effectively.
of
Unity of Command – each employee should have only one supervisor
Formal communications – process of sharing, understanding
and information on common subjects.
 PRINCIPLES ORGANIZATION
Organizations are either formal or informal. Formal organizations are
highly structured while informal organizations are those without structures.
Every formal organization whether small or large are governed by the
following principles:

Principle of Unity of Objectives - an organization is effective if it enables

the individuals to contribute to the organization’s objectives.

Principle of Organizational Efficiency – organization structure is

effective if it is structured in such a way to aid the accomplishment of the
organization’s objectives with a minimum cost.
Scalar Principle – shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken
chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority. The
scalar principles are:
a. Line of Authority and Chain of Command - This principle of organization suggests
that communications should ordinarily go upward through established
channels in the hierarchy. Diverting orders, directives, or reports around a level of
command usually has disastrous effects on efficiency of the organization.
b. The Span of Control of a supervisor over personnel or units shall not mean more
than what he can effectively direct and coordinate. In span of control, levels of
authority shall be kept to a minimum.
c. The Delegation of authority shall carry with it a commensurate authority and
the person to whom the authority is delegated shall be held accountable therefore. It
implies that delegation must carry with it appropriate responsibility.
d. The Unity of Command - explains that subordinates should only be under the
control of one superior.
Functional Principle – refers to division of work according to type, place, time
and specialization.

Line and Staff – implies that a system of varied functions arrange into a workable
pattern. The line organization is responsible for the direct accomplishment of
the objectives while the staff is responsible for support, advisory or
facilitative capacity.

Principle of Balance – states that the application of principles must be

balanced to ensure the effectiveness of the structure in meeting organization’s
objectives.
Principle of Delegation by Results – states that authority delegated should be
adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility – explains that the responsibility of the
subordinates to their superior for performance is absolute and the superior cannot
escape responsibility for the organization on activities performed by their subordinates.

Principle of Parity and Responsibility – explains that responsibility for action cannot
be greater than that implied by the authority delegated nor should it be less.

Authority Level Principle – implies that decisions within the authority of the individual
commander should be made by them and not be returned upward in the organizational
structure.

Principle of Flexibility – means that the more flexible the organization, the more it can
fulfill its purpose.
 ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS
FUNCTIONAL UNITS:
1.Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large
department. It comprises of numbers of divisions:
2. Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section -functional unit within a division that is
necessary
for specialization.
4.Unit -functional group within a section; or the
smallest functional group within an organization.
TERRITORIAL UNITS:

1.Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty,

such as a designated desk or office or an intersection or cross walk from
traffic duty. It is a spot location for general guard duty.
2.Route -a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also called
LINE BEAT.
3. Beat - an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
4. Sector - an area containing two or more beats, routes, or post.
5.District-a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with
its own station.
6.Area- a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of
designated districts.
 ADMINISTRATION
Gulick and Urwick - Pioneers of “The Science of Administration”. In this book,
they have described the major functions of administration using the acronym
POSDCoRB

Planning – working out in broad outline the things that need to be done and the
methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the enterprise. Process of
selecting goals and determining how to achieve them.
Organizing – establishment of the formal structure of authority through which
work subdivisions are arranged, defined, and coordinated for the define objective. Involves
determination and allocation of the men and women as well as the resource of an
organization to achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization.
Staffing – personnel function of bringing in and out training the staff
and maintaining the staff the favorable conditions of work. Filling the
organization with the right people and right position. The task
of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the
right men for the right job

Directing – task of making decisions and embodying them in

specific and general orders and instructions and serving as the
leader of the enterprise. Overseeing and supervising of the
human resources.
5.Coordinating - the all-important duty of interrelating the various
parts of the work. Manner of integrating the different elements with
in or outside the organization
6.Reporting – is keeping those to whom the executive is
responsible informed as to what is going on, which thus includes
keeping himself and his subordinates informed through records
research and inspection. System of putting what is reported into records and
the manner of classifying documents or notes within the organization.
7.Budgeting – with all that goes of budgeting in the form of fiscal
planning, accounting, and control. The forecasting in detail of the
results of an officially recognized program of operations based on the
highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency
 MANAGEMENT

Management pertains to the utilization of available

resources in an organization to achieve its organizational
objectives.

MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
The management process involves Planning – Organizing –
Leading – Controlling the use of organizational resources to
achieve high performance results.
1. Planning – is the process of setting performance objectives and
identifying the actions needed to accomplish them.
2. Organizing – is the process of dividing the work to be done and
coordinating results to achieve a desired purpose.
3. Leading – is the process of directing and coordinating the work
efforts of other people to help them accomplish important task.
4. Controlling – is the process of monitoring performance, comparing
results to objectives and taking corrective action as necessary.
 ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
Authority – is the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions
within an organizational hierarchy. A particular position within an organization carries the same
regardless of who occupies that position.
It refers to the legitimate right to lead and influence people.
SOURCES OF MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
1. Law
2. Tradition
3. Delegation
Responsibility – means that the management shall be held accountable for whatever result
that may arise in the exercise of authority. Thus, responsibility limits the exercise of one’s authority.
Command Responsibility -is the doctrine that imposes commensurate accountability to one
who is vested with management and leadership functions.
 THE FOUNDATIONS OF POLICE
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
CLASSICAL APPROACH

The three primary areas in the development of the classical approach are:

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT (FREDERICK TAYLOR, 1856-1915)

Scientific Management sought to discover the best method of performing

specific task. Based on his studies, Taylor believed that if workers were
taught the best procedures, with pay tied to output, they would produce
the maximum amount of work.

With respect to this philosophy, the role of management changed abruptly

from the earlier use of the “rule of the thumb” to a more scientific approach,
including scientifically selecting, training, and developing workers, and
ensuring that all the work would be done in accordance with scientific
principles, thus scientific management strongly adhered to the formal
organization structure and its rules.
BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT ((MAX WEBER, 1864-1920)

The concept of Bureaucracy is generally associated with the work of

Max Weber, who was the major contributor to modern sociology.

He studied the effect of social change in Europe at the end of the 19th Century
and coined the term BUREAUCRACY to identify the complex
organizations that operated on a rational basis.

Weber believed that such an approach was a means of lessening the

cruelty, nepotism, and subjective managerial practices common
in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution. (For example, it
was a standard practice to hire relatives regardless of their
competence and to allow only individuals of aristocratic birth to attain
high-level positions within government and industry)
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - It emphasizes broad administrative
principles applicable to higher levels with in the organization.

Henri Fayol (1841-1945) – in his most influential work “Industrial

and General Management”, 14 principles of efficient management was identified.

Division of Work - work specialization

can increase efficiency with the same amount of effort.
Authority and Responsibility – authority includes
the right tocommand
and the power to require obedience; one can not have authority without
responsibility.
Discipline – Discipline is necessary for an
organization to function
effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary process depends upon
the quality of its leaders.
Unity of Command - employee should receive
orders from one superior
only.
Unity of Direction – there should be one manager
and one plan for a group of activities that have the same
Subordination of individual interest to general interest – the interest of one
employee or group of employees should not take precedence over those of the
organization as a whole.
Remuneration of Personnel – compensation should be fair to both the employee
and the employer.
Centralization – the proper amount of centralization depends on the situation. The
objective is to pursue the optimum utilization of the capabilities of personnel
Scalar Chain – the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to
the lowest levels of the organization. Besides this vertical communication should
also be encourage as long as the managers is in the chain are kept informed.
Order – materials and human resources should be in the right place at
the right time; individuals should be in jobs or position that suits them.
Equity – employees should be treated with kindness and justice
Stability of personnel tenure - an employee needs time to adjust to a new job
and reach a point of satisfactory performance; high turnover should be avoided.
Initiative – the ability to conceive and execute a plan (through initiative
and
freedom) should be encouraged and developed throughout all levels of the
organization.
Espirit de Corps –“union” Unity is strength; Harmony and teamwork are essential to
effective organizations.
 HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH

ELTON MAYO (THE HAWTHORNE STUDY)

The results of Hawthorne experiment contradicted the traditional views

of management emphasized by the classical theorists and led to the
behavioral approach emphasizing concern for the workers. The
study suggests that when special attention is paid to
employees by management, productivity is likely to increase
regardless of changes in working conditions. This phenomenon
was labeled the “Hawthorne effect”
 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH

In order to be classified as behavioral science, a field must:

Deal with human behavior

Study its subject matter in a scientific manner

The behavioral science approach utilizes scientific method as the

foundation for testing and developing theories about human
behavior in organizations that can be used to guide and develop
managerial policies and practices.
Contributors to this approach are:

ABRAHAM MASLOW (MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

THEORY) - 1940’s – see discussion on Motivation Theories

D. MCGREGOR (MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND Y)

Theory X assumes that people have little ambition, dislike work, and
must be coerced in order to perform satisfactorily.
Theory Y assumes that people do not inherently dislike work and if
properly rewarded, especially satisfying esteem and self actualization
needs, will perform well on the job.
 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Powers & Functions
• Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local
governments;
• Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and
other issuances on the general supervision over local governments and
on public order and safety;
• Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuances
implementing laws on public order and safety, the general supervision over
local governments and the promotion of local autonomy and community
empowerment and monitor compliance thereof;
• Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments,
law enforcement and public
safety;
• Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and
projects to promote peace and order, ensure public safety
and further strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal
capabilities of local government offices and personnel;
• Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet
local emergencies arising from natural and man-made
disasters;
Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the
citizenry, local executives and the Department, to ensure effective
and efficient delivery of basic services to the public;
• Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of
police functions, a police force that is national in scope and
civilian in character.
Department Proper. — The Department Proper shall consist of the
existing staff services as provided for under Executive Order No.
262 and the following offices:

(a) Office of the Secretary. — The office of the Secretary shall

consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff; and
(b)Office of the Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries. — The
Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries, one
(1) for local government and the other for peace and order, at
least one (1) of whom must belong to the career executive service, and
three (3) career Assistant Secretaries.
Head of Department. — The head of the Department. — The head
of the Department, hereinafter referred to as the Secretary, shall
also be the ex-officio Chairman of the National Police
Commission and shall be appointed by the President subject to
confirmation of the Commission on Appointments.
No retired or resigned military officer or police official
may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from the
date of his retirement or resignation.
 RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF
NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
-under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
was in charge with external security while the DILG was in charge
with internal security.
- under RA 8551, the DILG shall be relieved of the primary
responsibility on matters involving suppression of insurgency and other
serious threats to national security. The PNP shall through
information gathering and performance of its ordinary police
functions, support the AFP on matters involving suppression of
insurgency
 Organizational Structure
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy and program
coordination.
-shall exercise administrative control and operational
supervision over the PNP
 COMPOSITION:
-consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as
ex officio member.
-shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment or extension.
-three of the regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector who are neither active nor
former members of the police or military.
-from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice
Chairperson shall be chosen
-the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission.
-the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or
retired. Provided, that an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be considered
resigned once appointed.
-at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman.
Section 5. Section 14 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"SEC. 14. Powers and Functions of the Commission.
– The Commission shall exercise the following powers and functions:
a)Exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the Philippine
National Police which shall mean the power to:
b) Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration;
c)Render to the President and to the Congress an annual report on its activities and
accomplishments during the thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar year, which
shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the organization and administration of
police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the country, and
recommendations for appropriate remedial legislation;
d) Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days
before the commencement of each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and
e)Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and as the
President may direct."
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
(a) Commission Proper
(b) Staff Services
(1) The Planning and Research Service
(2) The Legal Affairs Service
(3) The Crime Prevention and Coordination Service
(4) The Personnel and Administrative Service
(5) The Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation Service
(6) The Installations and Logistics Service
(7) The Financial Service

(c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards- NAB and RAB

 RA 6040 (August 4, 1969)
Section 9 of this act gave full authority to the then Police Commission
(POLCOM) now National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) to give
the appropriate examination for officers and members of the
Philippine National Police in lieu of the Civil Service Commission.

"The Police Commission shall give the appropriate

examinations for officers and members of local police forces,
and the Department of Education, the appropriate examinations
for public school teachers with the assistance of the Civil Service
Commission.”
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
It is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character, as provided by
Article XVI, Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope
and civilian in character…”

NATIONAL IN SCOPE
- means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers the
entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago.
- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP national
are government
employees.
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military
attributes such as discipline.
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP (RA 6975)
-Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and
properties;
-Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public
safety;
-Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal
offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;
-Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in
accordance with the Constitution and pertinent laws;
-Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law, informing the person so detained of all his rights
under the Constitution;
-Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
-Supervise and control the training and operations of
security agencies and issue licenses to operate security
agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for the purpose
of their professions.
 ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP

-shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2)

deputy chiefs:
-Deputy Chief for Administration.
-Deputy Chief for Operations.
-the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the
President .
-no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Chief
-PNP Chief shall be appointed by the President from among the senior
officers down to the rank of Chief Superintendent (PBGEN)
- In times of war or other national emergency declared by CONGRESS, the
President may extend such term of office.
THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1.The PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP who is vested
with the power to command and direct the PNP. He is also assisted by
two Deputies assigned to the administration of the PNP and one for
operations side.
2.The Chief of the Directorial Staff serves as the Chief Operations
Officer of the PNP. He coordinates, supervises, and directs the
Directorial Staff and the PNP units in the performance of their
respective functions.
3.The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a Inspector
General who assists the Chief PNP in ensuring operational readiness
and investigates infractions of the regulations committed by the
members of the PNP.
4.The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is headed by a senior
police commissioned officer who serves as a manager of the facility
that will supervise the implementation of the guidelines and
policies on human rights laws.
5.The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM) serves
as the Central facility of the PNP in coordinating and
integrating all strategy management processes, sustaining its
strategy execution and management, and instilling in the organization a
culture of strategy focus.
6.The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates. Every
Director in each unit has also his defined function in line with his
specialization as follows:
The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). The director
optimizes the utilization of personnel resources both from the PNP- uniformed and
non- uniformed personnel.
The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director manages the gathering/collating
of intelligence objectives through effective management of all intelligence and
counter-intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves as the linkage of all foreigners
with official transactions with the chief PNP.
The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director exercises the command, the
control, the direction, the coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP
operations such as deployment and employment of personnel.
The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director administers and manages material
resources needed for the PNP operations.
The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans and programs strategic
PNP operations. He also represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international affairs
on peace and order.
The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The director administers and manages the
fiscal financial resources.
The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR). The director
formulates and implements community –related activities, programs
and projects. He also supervises the PNP Salaam Police Center to undertake
close monitoring, networking and liaisoning activities with the Muslim
communities in addressing terrorism and lawless violence in their
respective areas to guarantee that the Muslims are not discriminated,
oppressed or singled-out.
The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM).
The director coordinates. Controls and supervises all investigation
activities.
The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development
(DHRDD). The director formulates policies on matters pertaining to human
resources and doctrine development.
The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD). The
director engages in research and development and does testing and
evaluation of self-reliant projects.
The Directorate for Information and Communications
Technology Management (DICTM). The director integrates and
standardizes all the PNP information systems and resources to
further improve the frontline services.
Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations
(DIPOs). The Directors of the clustered areas for Integrated Police
Operations, namely: Eastern Mindanao, Western Mindanao,
Visayas, Southern and Northern Luzon are given the
responsibility to direct and to supervise the conduct of integrated anti-
criminality, internal security, counter- terrorism operations, to
promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, and to provide a system to promote regional socio-
economic development.
There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP.
Eleven (11) of which are administrative while twelve (12) are
operational in nature.
The eleven Administrative Units are as follows:
• Logistics Support Service (LSS)
• Information Technology Management Service (ITMS)
• Finance Service (FS)
• Health Service (HS)
• Communications and Electronics Service (CES)
• Chaplain Service (CHS)
• Legal Service (LS)
• Headquarters Support Service (HSS)
• Engineering Service( ES)
• Training Service (TS)
• PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS)
The twelve (12) operational support units and their respective
functions are as follows:
• Maritime Group (MG)
• Intelligence Group (IG)
• Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)
• Special Action Force (SAF)
• Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP)
• Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
• Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG)
• Civil Security Group (CSG)
• Crime Laboratory (CL)
• PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG)
• PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG)
 MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION
RATIO) (Sec. 27, RA 6975)

1:500 – nationwide average

1:1000 – minimum police-to-population ratio
 KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP
Chief – highest position in the PNP, with the rank of PGEN
Deputy Chief for Administration – the second-in command, with the rank of
PLTGEN
Deputy Chief for Operations – the third-in-command, with the rank of PLTGEN
Chief Directorial Staff – with the rank of PLTGEN
Head of Directorial Staff – with the rank of PMGEN
NCR Director – with the rank of PMGEN
Regional Director- with the rank of PBGEN
Provincial Director-with the rank of PCOL
NCR District Director - with the rank of PBGEN
Chief of Police – PMAJ
 GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA
6975, as amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708)
1. A citizen of the Philippines;
2. A person of good moral conduct;
3.Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests
to be administered by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government
hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental health;

4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized

institution of learning;
5.Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
6.Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
7.Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime
involving moral turpitude;
8.Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in
height for male and one meter and fifty-seven (1.57 m) for female;
Note: RA 11549
1.57 m MALE
1.53 m FEMALE
9.Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the
standard weight corresponding to his or her height, age and sex; and
10.For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor
more than thirty (30) years of age
Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in the service upon
the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to
obtain the minimum educational qualification preferably in law enforcement
related courses, to be reckoned from the date of the effectivity of this
amendatory Act: Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP members
rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service and who have exhibited
exemplary performance as determined by the Commission, shall no
longer be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum educational
requirement.”

NOTE:

PNP member shall undergo a Field Training Program for 12 months

involving actual experience and assignment in PATROL, TRAFFIC, AND
INVESTIGATION as a requirement for permanency of their appointment.

NAPOLCOM shall administer the entrance and promotional examinations

for policemen on the basis of the standards set by the commission.
TAKE NOTE:
• The waiver of the height requirement may be granted to those who
belong to the indigenous groups duly certified by the National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) or by the National
Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF).
• The minimum height requirement for applicants who belong to
the indigenous groups shall be 1.52 meters for male and
1.45 meters for female.
WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE PNP:
Age, Height, Weight, and Educational requirements may be waived only when the
number of qualified applicants FALL BELOW THE MINIMUM ANNUAL QUOTA.
Provided, That an applicant shall NOT BE BELOW 20 NOR OVER 35 YEARS OF
AGE.
Any applicant not meeting the weight requirement shall be given reasonable time
BUT NOT EXCEEDING 6 MONTHS within which to comply with the said
requirement.

SELECTION CRITERIA UNDER WAIVER PROGRAM (RA 8551)

Applicants who possess the LEAST DISQUALIFICATION shall take precedence
over those who posses more disqualifications
Any PNP uniformed personnel who are admitted due to waiver of educational or
weight requirements shall be issued a TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT.
PNP member who shall be dismissed under waiver program SHALL BE ELIGIBLE
TO RE-APPLY for appointment to the PNP.
 APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP
PERSONNEL(Sec. 31, RA 6975)

Police Officer I to Senior Police Officer IV (PAT-PEMS) —

Appointed by the PNP regional director for regional personnel or by the
Chief of the PNP for the national headquarters personnel and attested by the
Civil Service Commission.

Inspector to Superintendent (PLT.-PLTCOL)— Appointed by the

Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their immediate superiors,
attested by the Civil Service Commission;
Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General. (PCOL. –
PLT. GEN.) — Appointed by the President upon recommendation of
the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the
Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments

Director General. (PGEN.) — Appointed by the President from

among the senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent in
the service, subject to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of
duty not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of
war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President
may extend such tour of duty.
POLICE APPOINTMENTS:
PERMANENT – If the applicant able to finish the required
field training program for permanency
TEMPORARY – If the applicant passes through the waiver
program as provided in under RA 8551
PROBATIONARY – If the applicant is undergoing FTP
PROMOTION
The upgrading of ranks and/or advancement to a position of leadership. The
NAPOLCOM shall establish a system of promotion which shall be based on : Merit,
Seniority, and Availability of vacant positions)

KINDS OF PROMOTION:
Regular Promotion – granted to police officers meeting the mandatory requirements
for promotion
Special Promotion – granted to police officers who have exhibited acts of
conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of
duty
Promotion by Virtue of Position – any PNP personnel designated to any key
position whose rank is lower than that which is required for such position shall, after 6
months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the
position.
NOTE: Shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after 2 years
from the date of such rank adjustment.
 ATTRITION (RA 8551)
Refers to the retirement or separation from police service of PNP uniformed personnel
pursuant to any of the means mentioned in Section 24 to 29 of RA 8551 and other means as
provided in NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2008-005.)

a) Attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.

b) Attrition by Relief
c) Attrition by demotion in position or rank
d) Attrition by non-promotion
e) Attrition by other means
a) Attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.
Maximum Tenure in Position refers to the maximum cumulative period for a PNP
member to hold a particular position level.
Position Maximum Tenure
Chief Deputy Four (4) years
Chief Four (4) years
Director of the Staff Services Four (4) years
Regional Directors Six (6) years
Provincial/City Directors Nine (9) years
b)Attrition by Relief – A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just cause
and has not been given an assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be
retired or separated.
c)Attrition by demotion in position or rank – Any PNP personnel, civilian or
uniformed, who are relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is established for
his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position
commensurate to his or her grade within EIGHTEEN (18) MONTHS after such demotion
shall be retired or separated.
d)Attrition by non-promotion – Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a
continuous period of TEN (10) YEARS shall be retired or separated
e)Attrition by other means - Any PNP member of officer with at least five
(5) years of accumulated active service shall be separated based on any of the
following:
1.inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive
annual rating periods;
Poor performance refers to the poor rating in the promulgated PNP
Performance Evaluation Rating System.
2.Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating
periods;
3.Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions
and duties.
4. Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice
and/or
5.refusal to take periodic PNP Physical Fitness Test
without justifiable reason.
Physical Fitness Test refers to the method of evaluating the physical
condition of PNP members in terms of stamina, strength, speed and agility.
6. failure to take PNP Physical Fitness Test for four (4) consecutive
periodic tests due to health reasons;
7.failure to pass PNP Physical Fitness Test for Two (2) consecutive
periodic tests or four (4) cumulative periodic tests; or
8.non-compliance with the minimum qualification standards for
the permanency or original appointment.
RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION UNDER THE ATTRITION SYSTEM
Any personnel who is dismissed from the PNP pursuant to different ways
mentioned, shall be retired if he or she has rendered at least twenty
(20) years of service and separated if he or she has rendered less than twenty
(20) years of service, unless the personnel is disqualified by law to receive such
benefits.

RETIREMENT
The separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching
the age of retirement provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of
years in active service. A PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher
rank for purposes of retirement pay.
KINDS OF RETIREMENT
a)Compulsory– for officer and non-officer, upon the attainment of age Fifty-Six (56).
Provided, in case of any officer with the rank of CSUPT, Director or Deputy Director
General, the Commission may allow his retention in the service for an unextendible of one
(1) year.
b)Optional – upon accumulation of at least Twenty (20) years of satisfactory active
service.

RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of the base pay in case
of twenty years of active service, increasing by TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT
(2.5%) for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty years.
 POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OVER THE
PNP UNITS

Governors and Mayors are deputized as representatives of the NAPOLCOM in

their respective territorial jurisdiction.
A) PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
- power to choose the PNP Provincial Director from a list of 3
eligibles
recommended by the PNP Regional Director.
- oversee the implementation of the provincial public safety plan.
B) CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYORS
-has the power to choose his CHIEF OF POLICE from a list of five (5)
eligibles recommended by the provincial police director.
-he has the authority to recommend to the provincial director the transfer,
reassignment or detail of PNP members outside of their respective city or town .
- Authority to recommend from a list of eligibles, the appointment of
new members of the PNP to be assigned in respective cities.
– exercise operational supervision and control over PNP units in their
jurisdiction, except during the 30 days period immediately preceding and the 30 days
following any national, local and barangay elections.
-During the election period, local police forces shall be under the
supervision and control of the COMELEC.
 OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION AND CONTROL
-means the power to direct, superintend, and oversee the day to day functions of police investigation
of crime, crime prevention activities and traffic control.
-shall also include the power to direct the employment and deployment of units or elements of
the PNP, through the station commander, to ensure public safety and effective maintenance of peace
and order within the locality.

Employment -refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of protection of
lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crimes,
arrest of criminal offenders and bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public safety,
particularly in the suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious
conspiracy, insurgency, subversion or other related activities.

Deployment - shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units
of the PNP within the province, city or municipality for purposes of employment
ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES

Citizen Complaints -pertains to any complaint initiated by a private citizen or his duly authorized
representative on account of an injury, damage or disturbance sustained due to an irregular or illegal act
committed by a member of the PNP

1)CHIEF OF POLICE - where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges, restriction

to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period not
exceeding fifteen (15) days
2)CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS - where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a
period not less than Sixteen but not exceeding Thirty (30) Days.
3)PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) -where the offense is punishable by
withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period exceeding Thirty (30) Days, or by Dismissal.
 INTERNAL DISCIPLINE – On dealing with minor offense involving internal discipline found to
have committed by any PNP members, the duly designated supervisors shall, after due notice and
hearings, exercise disciplinary powers as follows:

1)CHIEF OF POLICE - may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand; restriction to
specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any combination of the foregoing for
a period not exceeding Fifteen (15) Days.
2)PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS - may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand; restriction
to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any combination of the foregoing
for a period not exceeding Thirty (30) Days.
3)REGIONAL DIRECTORS - may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand; restriction to
specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; demotion; or any combination of the
foregoing for a period not exceeding Sixty (60) Days.
4)CHIEF OF THE PNP - shall have the power to impose the disciplinary punishment of dismissal from the
service; suspension or forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any combination of the foregoing for a period not
exceeding One Hundred Eighty (180) Days.
MINOR OFFENSE - shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral turpitude
but affecting the internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited
to:
-simple misconduct or negligence
-insubordination
-frequent absences or tardiness
-habitual drunkenness
-gambling prohibited by law
 PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

a body created pursuant to RA 6975.

-one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to handle and
investigate citizen’s complaint.
-the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the PNP members
-shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in every city and municipality as may be
necessary.
-there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal police
personnel.
- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty.
COMPOSITION OF PLEB
Composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:
-any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan.
-any barangay chairman of the locality concerned.
-three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order council from among the
members of the community.
-for the three other members, the following conditions must be met:
-one must be a woman
-one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an elementary school in the locality
-the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its members
-the term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARS
 DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS
-formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the National Police Commission.
-tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in the PNP

COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING:

National Appellate Board
-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the PNP Chief and the National Internal
Affairs Service
-shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners and shall be chaired by the
executive officer
REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the Regional Director, Provincial
Director, Chief of Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB
-there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate board per administrative region
 DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE
Legal Basis
•Commonwealth Act No. 1 (December 21, 1935), the National Defense Act,
created the Council of National Defense to advise the President on all matters
pertaining to national defense policy.
•Commonwealth Act No. 430 (May 31, 1939), as implemented by Executive
Order No. 230 (October 31, 1939), created the Department of National
Defense (DND).
•Executive Order No. 94 (October 4, 1947) charged the DND with the duty of
supervising the national defense program of the country.
•Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of 1987,
directed the DND to exercise executive supervision over the Armed Forces of
the Philippines, the Office of Civil Defense, the Philippine Veterans Affairs
Office, the National Defense College of the Philippines, and the Government
Arsenal.
 Mandate
The Department of National Defense (DND) is tasked to guard the
country against external and internal threats to national peace and
security, and to provide support for social and economic
development.
It exercises executive supervision over the Armed Forces of
the Philippines (AFP), the Government Arsenal (GA), the
Office of Civil Defense (OCD), the Philippine Veterans Affairs
Office (PVAO), and the National Defense College of the
Philippines (NDCP).
The Government Arsenal (GA) designs and manufactures small
arms, mortars, other weapons and ammunition for these weapons, and
other munitions for use of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

The National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP)

prepares and develops potential national defense leaders, civilian
officials of the different branches of the government, and selected
executives from the private sector.
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) coordinates the activities of various
government agencies and instrumentalities as well as of private institutions
and civic organizations devoted to public welfare. It supervises, monitors,
and evaluates the implementation of disaster management programs to
ensure their effectiveness.

The Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO) administers veterans’

benefits, implements programs and projects to enhance their general welfare,
and institutes measures to memorialize their patriotism and heroism. It
oversees the operations and maintenance of the Veterans Memorial Medical
Center and accredited hospitals nationwide to service the medical needs of
veterans. It also oversees the administration and development of military
shrines.
The Philippine Army (PA) develops, organizes, trains, equips,
supports, and sustains army forces for the conduct of ground operations
to accomplish the AFP mission.

The Philippine Air Force (PAF) organizes, trains, equips and

maintains forces to conduct prompt and sustained air operations to
accomplish the AFP mission.

The Philippine Navy (PN) organizes, trains, deploys, and maintains

forces for the prompt and sustained naval and maritime operations in
support of the United Commands in the accomplishment of the AFP
mission.
Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
•Commonwealth Act No. 1 (December 21, 1935), National Defense
Act, established the Philippine Military Academy (PMA).

Presidential Security Group (PSG)

•General Order No. 212 GHQ, AFP (October 22, 1971) created the
Presidential Security Command (PSC) as a unified command of the
AFP.
•General Order No. 60, GHQ-New Armed Forces of the Philippines
(NAFP) (March 8, 1986) deactivated the PSC and activated the
Presidential Security Group (PSG) as one of the support units of the
NAFP.
 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
The DOJ acts as the principal law agency (EO No. 292) and legal
counsel of the government. It serves as the government’s prosecution
arm and administers the government’s criminal justice system by
investigating crimes, prosecuting offenders, and overseeing the
correctional system.
 The Department Proper Constituent Attached agencies (for
offices and services: agencies/units: policy and program
• National Prosecution • National Bureau of coordination):
Service Investigation • Public Attorney’s Office
• Legal • Bureau of Immigration • Office of the
Staff for Competition
• Office • Bureau of Corrections Solicitor General
• Office of Cybercrime • Office for
• Board of Pardons
Alternative Dispute
• Planning and and Parole
Resolution
Management Service • Parole and
• Financial Service Probation Administratively
Administration supervised:
• Administrative Service
• Office of the • Presidential
• Technical Staff Government Corporate Commission on Good
• Internal Audit Service Counsel Government
• Land
Registration Authority
 NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Commonwealth Act No. 181 (November 13, 1936) saw the inception of the National Bureau of
Investigation, originally called Division of Investigation (patterned after the US Federal Bureau of
Investigation)
“An Act Creating a Division of Investigation Under the Department of Justice, Defining
its Powers and Duties, and Appropriating the Necessary Funds Therefor”

Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947) reorganized the Division of Investigation into the
Bureau of Investigation under the Department of Justice (DOJ).
“An Act Creating a Bureau of Investigation, Providing Funds Therefor, and for other
purposes”

Executive Order No. 94 (October 4, 1949) renamed the Bureau of Investigation to National
Bureau of Investigation which remained attached to DOJ

Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of 1987, provided for the
organization structure and operation of the DOJ and its attached agencies, including the NBI.
 RA 10867
An Act Reorganizing and Modernizing the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), and Providing Funds Therefor

SECTION 4. Powers and Functions.— The NBI shall have the following powers and functions:
a) Undertake investigation and detection of crimes and offenses enumerated under Section 5 hereof;
(b)Issue subpoena for the appearance of any person for investigation or production of documents, through its officers
from the ranks of Regional Director to Director;
(c)Act as a national clearing house of criminal records and other related information for the benefit of
the government;
(d) Render technical assistance to government agencies and instrumentalities, when so requested;
(e)Extend assistance in cases involving extradition and mutual legal assistance, when requested by the Department
of Justice;
(f)Establish an NBI Academy which shall be responsible for the recruitment, training, and development of all NBI
agents and personnel, among others;
(g)Establish and maintain a Forensic and Scientific Research Center which shall serve as the primary center for forensic
and scientific research in furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal investigation, detection, evidence collection and
preservation, and provide the necessary training therefor;
(h)Establish and maintain a Cyber Investigation and Assessment Center which shall serve as the nerve center for computer
information technologies, data on cybercrime cases, computer intrusion, threats, and other related crimes or activities;
(i) Establish and maintain an integrated, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art network of equipment and facilities to be
used by the NBI in its criminal investigation, detection, and evidence gathering, and to provide the corresponding
training in this regard
j) Request the assistance of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Forces of the Philippines, or any other agency of
the government, including government-owned and/or -controlled corporations, in its anti-crime drive. Such assistance
may include the use of the agency’s personnel and facilities upon prior approval by the head of the agency concerned;
(k) Conduct intelligence operations in furtherance of the foregoing powers and functions;
(l)Enter into any contract or transaction for the acquisition, ownership, possession, administration, lease, disposition or
acceptance of real or personal property in its name, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Justice;
(m)Establish a modern NBI Clearance and Identification Center containing all derogatory and criminal records and
civilian identification records, including their identifying marks and characteristics and fingerprint database, as well as
dental records pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1575, entitled “Requiring Practitioners of Dentistry to Keep Records
of Their Patients”;
(n)Maintain, for purposes of investigative and forensic requirements of the NBI, relevant database such as ballistic records
of firearms including, but not limited to, data ownership, possession, and other related identifying circumstances; and
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) databank; and
(o) Perform such other functions as the President or the Secretary of Justice may assign.
SECTION 5. Jurisdiction.— The NBI shall have primary jurisdiction to undertake investigations in the
following cases:
(a) Human Trafficking cases in all airports in the Philippines;
(b)Extrajudicial/Extra-legal killings committed by the state’s security forces against
media practitioners and activists;
(c) Killings of justices and judges;
(d) Violation of Republic Act No. 10175, otherwise known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act”;
(e) Cases referred by the Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council (IAGCC);
(f) Violations of the Anti-Dummy Law;
(g)Cases involving threats to security or assaults against the persons of the President, Vice President, Senate
President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
(h) Transnational crimes pursuant to existing international agreements;
(j) Violations of commercial, economic, and financial or white-collar crimes such as, but not limited to, those
punishable under Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known as “E-Commerce Act of 2000”; Republic Act No.
8484, otherwise known as “Access Devices Regulations Act of 1998”; Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise known
as “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”; Republic Act No. 8799, otherwise known as “Securities
Regulation Code”; Presidential Decree No. 1689, otherwise known as “Decree Increasing the Penalty for Certain
Forms of Estafa”, and other similar penal statutes that may be enacted by Congress.
SECTION 6. The NBI Director and Other Officials.
The NBI shall be headed by a Director and assisted by two (2) Deputy
Directors, one for Administration and another for Operations, and an
Assistant Director for each of the following seven (7) Services:
Investigation Service, Intelligence Service, Human Resource and Management
Service, Comptroller Service, Forensic and Scientific Research Service, Legal
Service, and Information and Communications Technology Service.
SECTION 8. Qualifications of NBI Agents.— The minimum qualifications of NBI agents are
the following:
(a) Citizen of the Philippines;
(b) Of good moral character;
(c)A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a Baccalaureate Degree who passed the
necessary government licensure examination relevant to the investigative functions of the NBI;
and
(d)Successfully passed the competitive mental and physical examinations required by the NBI.
SECTION 9. Powers and Functions of Agents.— The agents of the NBI shall have the
following powers and functions:
a) Undertake investigations pursuant to the mandate of the NBI;
(b)Conduct searches, arrests, and seizures in accordance with existing laws, rules and regulations;
(c)Take and require sworn statements of any person or persons so summoned
in relation to cases under investigation;
(d) Administer oaths in cases under investigation; and
(e) Such other functions as may be assigned by the NBI Director.
Old Position From Salary Grade New Position To Salary Grade
Director VI SG 30 Director SG 30
Director V (Assistant Director) SG 29 Deputy Director SG29

Director III (Deputy Director) SG 27 Assistant Director SG 28

Director II (Regional Director) SG 26 Regional Director SG 27

Director I (Assistant Regional Director) SG 25 Assistant Regional SG 26

Director
Investigation Agent VI (Head Agent) SG 25 Head Agent SG 25

Investigation Agent V (Supervising SG 24 Supervising Agent SG 24

Agent)
Investigation Agent IV (Senior Agent) SG 23 Senior Agent SG 23

Investigation Agent III SG22 Investigation Agent III SG 22

(Agent)
Investigation Agent II SG 20
Investigation Agent I SG 18
Special Investigator V SG 24
Special Investigator IV SG 22
Special Investigator III SG 18
 BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION
The bureau was given the sole authority to enforce and administer
immigration and foreign nationals registration laws including the admission,
registration, exclusion and deportation and repatriation of foreign nationals. It also
supervises the immigration from the Philippines of foreign nationals.
• The Bureau of Immigration started as a division of the Bureau of Customs during the
American regime in 1899. This was pursuant to Act No. 702 of the
Philippine Commission.
• The functions of Immigration were transferred in 1937 as a division under the Bureau of
Labor.
• On January 22, 1940, the Second National Assembly of the
Philippine
Commonwealth enacted the Philippine Immigration Act of 1940 (Commonwealth Act
No. 613). It was signed into law by the President of the United States of America on
September 3, 1940, creating the Bureau of Immigration under the
administrative supervision of the Office of the President.
• On September 21, 1972, then President Ferdinand E. Marcos proclaimed
Martial
Law, through General Order No. 1, ordered and decreed the adoption
and
implementation of the Integrated Reorganization Plan. Hence, the Commission on
Reorganization issued Letter of Implementation No. 20, dated December 31, 1972
which embodies the plan, including among other things, the change of name of the
office from the Bureau of Immigration to Commission on Immigration
and Deportation.
• On July 25, 1987, President Corazon C. Aquino signed Executive order No. 292, also
known as the Administrative Code of 1987. Said order renamed the office, “Bureau of
Immigration.”
GENERAL FUNCTIONS

1.Acts as the primary enforcement arm of the Department of Justice and the
President of the Philippines in ensuring that all foreigners within its territorial
jurisdiction comply with existing Laws
2.Assists local and international law enforcement agencies in securing the
tranquility of the state against foreigners whose presence or stay may be deemed
threats to national security, public safety, public morals and public health and;
3.Acts as chief repository of all immigration records pertaining to entry,
temporary sojourn, admission, residence and departure of all foreigners in the
country.
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
In the discharge of its broad functions, the Bureau through its Board
of Commissioners, exercises administrative and quasi-judicial powers over the:
1.Regulation of the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and exit (departure) of foreign
nationals in the country;
2.Monitoring of the entry and exit of Filipino citizens in compliance
with Philippine laws and other legal procedures;
3.Issuance of immigration documents and identification certifications on
non-immigrant, immigrant and special non-immigrant visas;
4.Issuance of special permits in relation to the enforcement of immigration laws (e.g.
Special Work Permit (SWP), Provisional Permit to Work (PPW), Special Study Permit
(SSP), re-entry permits, clearances, etc.);
5.Extension of stay of temporary visitors and implementation of changes of status as
provided by law;
6. Administrative determination of citizenship and related status;
7.Investigation, hearing, decision and execution of orders pertaining to
exclusion, deportation, and repatriation of foreign nationals;
8.Implementation of Hold Departure Orders, Blacklist, Watchlist, Immigration
Lookout Bulletin Orders and Alert List Orders;
9.Cancellation of immigration documents upon violation of immigration laws
and procedures;
10.Investigation, arrests and detention of foreigners in violation of immigration
regulation and other Philippine laws;
11.Accreditation of schools and learning institutions that can officially accept
and enroll foreign students; and
12.Accreditation of law firms, liaison officers, travel agencies and other
individuals and organizations transacting with the Bureau of Immigration
 COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 613
SECTION 1. This Act shall be known as “The Philippine Immigration Act of 1940.”

SEC. 2. A Bureau of Immigration is established under a Commissioner of Immigration, who shall

have two assistants, a First Deputy Commissioner of Immigration and a Second Deputy
Commissioner of Immigration. For administrative purposes, the Bureau of Immigration shall be
under the supervision and control of the Department of Labor or of any other executive department
which the President may subsequently determine
 PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORECEMENT
AGENCY
• A law enforcement agency
• Lead agency on the government’s anti-drug campaign
• Responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all provisions on any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals
• Serves as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB).
• Responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in RA 9165.
• Under The Office of the President (Including DDB)
 RA 9165
This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002"

Section 82. Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). – To

carry out the provisions of this Act, the PDEA, which serves as the implementing arm
of the Board, and shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of
all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical as provided in this Act.
 PDEA COMPOSITION
Headed by Director General with the rank of Undersecretary, appointed by
the President.

The head of the PDEA is assisted by 2 deputies Director General, with

the rank of Assistant Secretary, 1 for Operations and 1 for
Administration, also appointed by the President.
Section 84. Powers and Duties of the PDEA. – The PDEA shall:
(a) Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control
strategy formulated by the Board thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program
which shall include drug law enforcement, control and prevention campaign with the
assistance of concerned government agencies;
(b) Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful
acts and penalties involving any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical and investigate all violators and other matters involved in the commission of any
crime relative to the use, abuse or trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical as provided for in this Act and the provisions of Presidential Decree
No. 1619;
(c)Administer oath, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct
of investigation involving the violations of this Act;
(d) Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate, the effects or
proceeds of the crimes as provided by law and take custody thereof, for this purpose the
prosecutors and enforcement agents are authorized to possess firearms, in accordance with existing
laws;
(e) Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law
enforcement agency, if no longer needed for purposes of evidence in court;
(f)Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every province and city in order to
facilitate action on seize or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction without delay;
g) Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons
and/or corporations found to be violating the provisions of this Act and in accordance with
the pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Act of 2001;
(h) Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases
for violation of all laws on dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, and other similar controlled substances, and assist, support and
coordinate with other government agencies for the proper and effective prosecution of the
same;
(i) Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine
Postal Office and the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels and
mails in the central post office, which appear from the package and address itself to
be a possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, through on-line or cyber shops via the internet or cyberspace;
(j)Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth of plants from which
dangerous drugs may be extracted;
(k) Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization which
shall
coordinate and supervise all activities against drug abuse in every province, city,
municipality and barangay with the active and direct participation of all such local
government units and nongovernmental organizations, including the citizenry, subject
to the provisions of previously formulated programs of action against dangerous
drugs;
(l) Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in
cooperation
with law enforcement agencies, other government agencies/offices and local
government units that will assist in its apprehension of big-time drug lords;
(m) Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation and linkages with
international drug control and administration agencies and organizations, and
implement the applicable provisions of international conventions and
agreements related to dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;
(n) Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct
an
investigation, file charges and transmit evidence to the proper court, wherein
members of the said unit shall possess suitable and adequate firearms
for
their protection in connection with the performance of their duties: Provided,
That no previous special permit for such possession shall be required;
(o) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists and
other practitioners to submit a report to it, in coordination with the Board, about
all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals
which they have attended to for data and information purposes;
(p)Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary
guidelines, rules and regulations for the proper implementation of this Act;
(q)Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and drug
control programs, where it may enlist the assistance of any department,
bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government, including
government-owned and or –controlled corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs
drive, which may include the use of their respective personnel, facilities, and
resources for a more resolute detection and investigation of drug-related
crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers; and
(r)Submit an annual and periodic reports to the Board as may be required
from time to time, and perform such other functions as may be authorized
or required under existing laws and as directed by the President
himself/herself or as recommended by the congressional committees
concerned.
 The following is a listing of the Old
rank structure found within the PDEA
(in ascending order)2015
Director VI
Director V
Director
III
Director II
Director I
Investigation Agent VI
Investigation Agent V
Investigation Agent IV
Investigation Agent III
Investigation Agent II
Investigation Agent I
Special Investigator V (Non lawyer or CPA)
Special Investigator IV (Non lawyer or CPA)
Special Investigator III (Non lawyer or CPA)
Rank structure The following is a
listing of the New rank structure found
within the PDEA (in ascending order)
2019
Under Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Director
Regional Director
Assistant Regional Director
Head Agent
Supervising Agent
Senior Agent
Investigation Agent III
 BUREAU OF CUSTOMS
• The BOC implements an effective revenue collection by preventing and suppressing
smuggling and the entry of prohibited goods. It supervises and controls the entrance and clearance
of vessels and aircrafts engaged in foreign commerce.
• It also enforces the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines and all other laws, rules and
regulations related to Tariff and Customs administration.
• The Bureau of Customs (BOC) is an attached agency of the Department of Finance. It is charged
with assessing and collecting customs revenues, curbing illicit trade and all forms of customs
fraud, and facilitating trade through an efficient and effective customs management system
 RA 10863
“An Act Modernizing the Customs and
Tariff Administration”
Sec. 100. Short Title – This act shall be known as the “Customs Modernization
and Tariff Act (CMTA)”

Sec. 200. Chief Officials of the Bureau – The Bureau shall be headed by a
Commissioner and shall be assisted by at least 4 but not more than 6 Deputy
Commissioners.
The Commissioner shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines
The Deputy Commissioners shall also be appointed by the President and at
least majority of whom shall come from the ranks of the Bureau.
Sec. 202. Functions of the Bureau –The Bureau shall exercise the following
duties and functions:
(a)Assessment and collection of customs revenues from imported goods and
other dues, fees, charges, fines and penalties accruing under the CMTA;
(b)Simplification and harmonization of customs procedures to facilitate movement of
goods in international trade;
(c) Border control to prevent entry of smuggled goods;
(d) Prevention and suppression of smuggling and other customs fraud;
(e)Facilitation and security of international trade and commerce through an
informed compliance program;
(f)Supervision and control over the entrance and clearance of vessels and aircraft engaged
in foreign commerce;
(g)Supervision and control over the handling of foreign mails arriving in the
Philippines for the purpose of collecting revenues and preventing the entry of
contraband;
(h)Supervision and control on all import and export cargoes, landed or stored in
piers, airports, terminal facilities, including container yards and freight stations for
the protection of government revenue and prevention of entry of contraband;
(i)Conduct a compensation study with the end view of developing and
recommending to the President a competitive compensation and remuneration
system to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, while ensuring that the
Bureau remains financially sound and sustainable;
(j)Exercise of exclusive original jurisdiction over forfeiture cases under the CMTA;
and
(k)Enforcement of the CMTA and all other laws, rules and regulations related
to customs administration
The Enforcement and Security Service
(ESS)
• Customs management is always bound to fail without police authority.
That makes the Customs Police or Enforcement and Security Services
(ESS) just as important as the Customs Examiners and Appraiser in
Customs administration and in curbing smuggling.
• Formerly named National Customs Police (by virtue of EO no. 127)
• The ESS would be composed of three divisions, namely: the
Customs Police Division (Formerly Harbor Police), Water
Patrol Division and Radio Communications Division.
 Philippine Coast Guard
• The insular Government, through the Philippine Commission enacted on October
17, 1901 a law creating the Bureau of Coast Guard and Transportation.
• It was abolished and on Oct. 26, 1905 and its functions were taken over by the
Bureau of Navigation.
• The Bureau of Navigation was on Dec. 19, 1913 and the functions were
transferred to the Bureau of Customs
• By virtue of RA 5173 as amended by PD 601, PCG was then a major unit of the Phil.
Navy.
• With the issuance of EO no. 477, PCG obtained autonomy in its operations and
became a civilian line function agency ATTACHED to the DOTC.
• On Feb. 12, 2010, RA 9993 (The PCG Law of 2009)(Repealed RA 5173) was
approved, establishing PCG as an ARMED AND UNIFORMED service attached to
DOTC.
 REPUBLIC ACT No. 9993
Section 1. TitleThis Act shall be known as the "Philippines Coast Guard
Law of 2009“

Section 2. Establishment. The Philippine Coast Guard, hereinafter referred to

as the PCG, is hereby established as an armed and uniformed service attached to
the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC): Provided,
That in times of war, as declared by Congress, the PCG or parts thereof, shall be
attached to the Department of National Defense.
Powers and Functions. - The PCG shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) To enforce regulations in accordance with all relevant maritime international conventions, treaties
or instruments and national laws for the promotion of safety of life property at sea within the maritime
jurisdiction of the Philippines and conduct port state control implementation;
(b)To inspections on all merchant ships and vessels, including but shall not be limited to inspections prior to
departure, to ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards, rules and regulations;
(c)To detain, stop or prevent a ship or vessel which does not comply with safety standards, rules and
regulations from sailing or leaving port;
(d) To conduct emergency readiness evaluation on merchant marine vessels;
(e)Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the DOTC, to issue and enforce rules and regulation for the
promotion of safety and life and property at sea on all maritime-related activities;
(f) To coordinate, develop, establish, maintain and operate aids to navigation, vessel traffic system,
maritime communications and search and rescue facilities within the maritime jurisdiction of the
Philippines;
(g)To remove, destroy or low to port, sunken or floating hazards to navigation, including illegal fish and
vessels, at or close to sea lanes which may cause hazards to the marine environment;
(h)To issue permits for the salvage of vessels and to supervise all marine salvage operations, as well as
prescribe and enforce rules and regulations governing the same;
(i) To render aid to persons and vessels in distress and conduct search rescue in marine accidents
within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines, including the high seas, in accordance with
applicable international conventions. In the performance of this function, the PCG may enlist the
services of other government agencies and the merchant marine fleet;
(j)To investigate the inquire into the causes of all maritime accidents involving death, casualties and
damage to properties;
(l) To assist in the enforcement of laws on fisheries, immigration, tariff and customs, forestry,
firearms and explosives, human trafficking, dangerous drugs and controlled chemicals,
transnational crimes and other applicable laws within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines;
(m)To board and inspect all types of merchant ships and watercrafts in the performance of this functions;
(n) To enforce laws and promulgated and administer rules and regulations for the protection of
marine environment and resources from offshore sources or pollution within the maritime
jurisdiction of the Philippines;
(o)To develop oil spill response, containment and recovery capabilities against ship-based
pollution;
(p)To grant, within the capabilities and consistent with its mandate, requests for assistance of other
government agencies in the performance of their functions;
(q)To organize, train and supervise the PCG Auxiliary (PCGA) for the purpose of assisting the PCG in
carrying out its mandated functions; and
(r)To perform such other functions that may be necessary in the attainment of the objectives of this Act.
MARITIME SAFETY or MARSAF
Is designed to help prevent or minimize unnecessary loss of lives and properties at sea.
MARTINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OR MAREP
The Philippine Coast Guard under RA 9993 is the sole agency responsible for the Philippine
implementation of the Conventions with regards to oil pollution, prevention, mitigation and control through the
conduct of marine pollution monitoring and control, enhancement of PCG capability and oil spill response
operations and enforcement of all marine environmental laws and regulations.
MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE OR MARSAR
The Coast Guard Action Center (CGAC) at the PCG Headquarters in Manila, by virtue of the current
functions and facilities, serves as the coordinating centers for all search and rescue operations
MARITIME SECURITY OR MARSEC
The PCG contributes to maintain good order at sea by conducting regular patrols and surveillance for the
safety of navigation of ships, to safeguard ships from illegal acts and to promote freedom of navigation.
MARITIME LAW ENFOREMENT OR MARLEN
As a maritime organization under RA 9993 , it is deputized by 21 government agencies to perform maritime
law enforcement functions directed towards the suppression of piracy, smuggling, poaching, illegal fishing,
illegal entry, human smuggling, illegal logging, drug trafficking, gun running and terrorist activities.
Organization. - The PCG shall consist of the following categories of officers and employees;
(a) PCG officers;
(b) PCG non-officers;
(c) PCG non-uniformed personnel;
(d) Probationary ensign; and
(e) Cadets and Cadettes.

Maximum Tenure in Rank. - The maximum tenure of officers in the ranks of Captain and Flag Officer in
the PCG are hereby prescribed as follows:
Rank Maximum Tenure in Rank
Coast Guard Admiral Coast three (3) years
Guard Vice Admiral Coast three (3) years
Guard Rear Admiral Coast three (3) years
Guard Commodore Coast five (5) years
Guard Captain seven (7) years
 PCG RANKING SYSTEM
COMMISSIONED OFFICER NON- COMMISSIONED
RANKS OFFICER RANKS
Admiral Master Chief Petty Officer
Vice Admiral Senior Chief Petty Officer
Rear Admiral Chief Petty Officer
Commodore Petty Officer 1st Class
Captain Petty Officer 2nd Class
Commander Lt. Petty Officer 3rd Class
Commander Seaman 1st Class
Lieutenant Seaman 2nd Class
Lt. Junior Grade Apprentice
Ensign
Probationary
Ensign
 OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:
Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) – enforce tax laws and regulations. It investigates tax evasion cases and arrests similar violators.
BIR is under Department of Finance.
Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) – enforces and regulates manufacture of food and drugs. It investigates and arrest
unscrupulous manufacturers and makers of substandard food and drugs without license or permits. BFAD is under the Department of
Health.
Bureau of Quarantine – an ATTACHED agency under the Department of Health. It is empower to enforce measures to stop, control
and monitor the spread of disease by conducting on all air and seaports across the country.
Land Transportation Office (LTO) – regulates land transportation industry and enforces transportation laws and regulations
Maritime Industry Authority – regulates the maritime and shipping industry. It oversees the sea worthiness of all sea going vessels.
Optical Media Board (OMB) – formerly known as Videogram Regulatory. The OMB operates against proliferation of fake and
pirated VHS,DVD, VCD, CD tapes.
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) – operates against pornography films shown on TV and
movie houses.
Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – operates against illegal logging. It investigates and
prosecutes violators of environmental protection laws.
Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) – regulates banking industry and enforces banking laws. Investigates, arrests and prosecutes
counterfeit currency manufacturers and passers.
Intellectual Property Office – an interagency attached under the Department of Trade and Industry, operates against the intellectual
property and copyright laws. Enforce all laws pertaining to the intellectual property and apprehend/ prosecutes violators thereof.
 - END -

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