 Consists of numerator and denominator separated

by a bar either horizontal(-) or slanted (/)

representing part of a whole.
 NUMERATOR
 Tells the number of parts to be used.
 DENOMINATOR
 Determines the number of equal parts into which the
whole is divided.
 Proper Fractions- the numerator is lesser than
the denominator or fractions lesser than one.
Examples:
8/4 4/5 2/6 5/8
 Improper Fractions- the numerator is equal (=)
to or greater than (>) the denominator or fractions
equal to or greater than one.
Examples:
2/2, 4/4, 7/7 Numerator Equal to the
denominator
equal to one

4/2,9/3, 8/2 greater than one

 Mixed Number. A mixed number consists of whole
number with fraction

Examples:
5½ 7¾ 8¼
 Divide the numerator by the denominator and no
remainder.
 Examples:
12/4 = 3
 Divide the numerator by the denominator and has
a remainder
 Example: 5 2/5
27/5 = 5/ 27
25
2
 Multiply the denominator by the whole number
 Add the numerator
 Copy the same denominator
 Example:
3 4/5 = 5 x 3 +4
15 + 4= 19
5
 Look for the largest number that can divide both the numerator and
denominator without remainder.
 Simplest form: Divide both numerator and denominator by their greatest
common divisor.
 Examples:
18/27 = 18 ÷ 9 = 2
27 ÷ 9 3

Greatest common divisor that can divide both numerator and denominator is
9
A fraction is in lowest term when the only number that can divide both the
numerator and denominator is 1
 Look for the largest number that can divide both the numerator and
denominator without remainder.
 Simplest form: Divide both numerator and denominator by their greatest
common divisor.
 Examples:
18/27 = 18 ÷ 9 = 2
27 ÷ 9 3

Greatest common divisor that can divide both numerator and denominator is
9
A fraction is in lowest term when the only number that can divide both the
numerator and denominator is 1
 To add fractions having the same denominator
 Examples:
9¾
+ 8¾

Step 1: Add the numerator and copy the denominators.

¾ + ¾ = 6/4

Step 2: Change to lowest terms in fraction sum.

1 2/4 or 1 ½
4/ 6 2 = 2÷2 = 1
4 4 4÷2 2
2
Step 3: Add the whole numbers.
9 + 8 = 17

Step 4: Add the whole number sum with the result of Step 2.
17 9 3/4
+ 1 1/ 2 + 8 3 /4
18 ½ 17 6/4 or 18 1/2
Step 1: Add the whole numbers
22 1/2 = ½
28 ¾ = ¾
50
Step 2: Change the fractions to common denominator and add.
1 = 1x4 = 4
2 2x4 8 10
8
3 = 3x2 = 6
4 4x2 8
Step 3: Reduce to lowest terms
1 2/8
8 / 10 2 = 2÷2 =1
8 8 8÷2 =4
2
Step 4: Add the whole number sum and the fraction sum.
22 ½ 50 + 1 ¼ = 51 ¼
+28 ¾
50 + 1 ¼
Step 1: Convert the fractions into common denominator by multiplying
the numerator and denominator with the opposite denominator
4 = 4 x 10 = 40
9 9 x 10 90
8 = 8 x9 = 72
10 10 x 9 90
Step 2: Add the numerator and copy the denominator
40 112
90 90
72
90
Step 3: Changed to mixed number to improper fraction sum
112 1 22/90
90 90/ 112
90
22
Step 4: Reduce to lowest term
22 = 22 ÷ 2 = 1 11
90 90 ÷ 2 45
Step 1: Subtract the whole number
35 ¾
- 32 ¼
3
Step 2: Subtract the numerator of fraction and copy the denominator.
35 ¾
- 32 ¼
3 2/4

Step 3: Reduce to lowest term

3 2 =2÷2 = 1
4 4÷2 2
Step 1: Subtract the numerator of fraction and copy the denominator.
9/10
7 /10
2/ 10

Step 2: Reduce to lowest term

2 =2÷2 = 1
10 10 ÷ 2 5
Step 1: Subtract the whole numbers
48 3/4
39
9

Step 2: Bring down the fractions

48 3/4
39
9 3/4
Step 1: Convert tone unit of minuend into an improper fraction having the
same denominator with the subtrahend fraction and reduce one unit in the
minuend
78 77 10
10
59 8 59 8
10 10
Step 2: Subtract the whole numbers
77
59
18
Step 3: Subtract the numerators and copy the denominator.
77 10
10
59 8
10
18 2
10

Step 4: Reduce to lowest term

2 = 2÷2 = 1
10 10 ÷ 2 5 Answer: 18 1/5
Step 1.: Find the common denominator by multiplying the opposite
denominator
Then multiply the numerator by the opposite denominators.
3 = 3 x 10 = 30
4 4 x 10 40
1 = 1x4 = 4
10 10 x 4 40
26
40
Step 2: Reduce to lowest term
26 = 26 ÷ 2 = 13
40 40 ÷ 2 20
Step 1.: Subtract first the whole number
98 ¾
83 2/6
15
Step 2: Look for the common denominators of the dissimilar fractions by
multiplying the numerator and denominator by the opposite denominators.
3 = 3x6 = 18
4 4x6 24

2 = 2 x4 = 8
6 6 x4 24
Step 3: Subtract the similar fractions.
18 / 24
8 / 24
10 / 24
Step 4: Reduce to the lowest term
10 = 10 ÷ 2 = 5
24 24 ÷ 2 12

Step 5: Combine the whole number difference and fraction difference.

15 5
12
Step 1:Find the common denominator of the dissimilar fractions by multiplying the
opposite denominators

53 1 = 1x5 = 5 =53 5
3 3 x 5 15 15
48 3 3x3 9 =48 9
5 5x3 15 15
Step 2: Since the minuend fraction is lesser than the subtrahend fraction, regroup one
unit from the whole number of the minuend and add it to the fraction to make it
improper fraction.

53 5 = 52 5 + 15 = 52 20
15 15 15 15
Step 3: Subtract first the whole numbers, then fractions.
53 1 = 53 5 = 52 20
3 15 15
48 3 48 9 = 48 9
5 15 15

4 11
15
 Step 1: Multiply the numerators
3 X 5 = 15
5 6
Step 2: Multiply the denominators
3 X 5 = 15
5 6 30
Step 3: Reduce to lowest term
15 = 15 ÷ 15 = 1
30 30 ÷ 15 2
Or cancellation Method
1 1
3 X 5 = 1
5 6 2
2
Step 1: Convert mixed number to improper fraction by multiplying the denominator
by the whole number and add the numerator and copy the denominator.
Convert the whole number to improper fraction by placing a denominator of 1.
9 3 X 5 = 4 X 9 + 3 = 39 X 5
4 4 1
Step 2: Multiply the numerators, then denominators.

39 X 5 = 195
4 1 4
Step 3: Convert improper fraction to mixed number by dividing the numerator by the
denominator
48 3/4
4/195
Step 1: Invert the divisor fraction
4 ÷ 2 = 4 x 8
6 8 6 2
Step 2: Multiply the numerators, then denominators.
4 x 8 = 32
6 2 12
Step 3: Convert improper fraction to mixed number by dividing the numerator by
the denominator
2 8 /12
12/ 32
Step 4: Reduce to the lowest term.
8 = 8 ÷ 4 = 2 answer 2 2/3
12 12 4 3
CANCELLATION METHOD
2 4
4 ÷ 2 = 4 x 8 = 8
6 8 6 2 3
3 1
2 2/3
3/ 8
6
2
Step 1: Convert the whole number into improper fraction by having denominator of 1
and invert the divisor- fraction
3 ÷ 6 = 3 x 9
9 1 6
Step 2: Multiply the numerators, then denominators.
3 x 6 = 3 x 9 = 27
9 1 6 6
Step 3: Convert improper fraction to mixed number by dividing the numerator by the
denominator
4 3/6
6/ 27
Step 4: Reduce to the lowest term.
3 = 3 ÷ 3 = 1 answer 4 1/2
6 6 3 2
1. Five students (namely A,B,C,D,E) are to share equally with each
other one bilao of suman for their merienda. If for some reason, B
has to leave and decides to give her share to C, what fraction of the
suman will C have?

2. If the total cost of the suman is PhP225 and assume equal

contributions, how much will each student pay?

3.From question no. 2, Suppose A does not have enough money and
D agrees to pay two-thirds of what A should pay, what fraction of the
total cost will D pay for A?
4. If only cup of milktea is left and the only measuring cup available
which can be used to divide the milktea among the barkada is cup,
will everyone get a share of the milktea? How many person can get
the share of milk tea?

5. Liz bought a lot measuring 450 square meters. If 25sq.m. is

allotted for a storage room, what fraction of the entire lot is the
storage room?