The Industrial

Revolution
 History of the name

Historical The Act of Union

Background Stability
Development and
Expansions
 • Coal and iron.
• Workforce.

Reasons • Inventors.
• Capitalists: the fund source.
• The British society
• The role of the government.
• Weapon development.
 • Making fortunes:
opportunities.
Reasons • pride of workmanship.
(cont.) • No civil upset or invasion.
• Markets: colonies.
• Slavery trade.
 • Power (coal)
• Engine
Technological
• Textile industry
Advancements
• Pottery
Power (Coal)
Power (Coal)
• Technological revolution
• Raw material
Engine
 1712: Thomas Newcomen
developed a primitive engine
(pumping water from mines).

Engine
Appropriate starting point.
Textile Industry
 EARLY 18TH C: EXPERIMENTING 1733: JOHN KAY INVENTED A

Textile
WITH IRON MACHINERY SHUTTLE (SHORTAGE OF
OPERATED BY WATER. THREAD).

Industry
SPINNING INDUSTRY. JAMES WATT: STEAM ENGINE,
LOCATION CHANGED (WATER-
COAL-LABOR)
Pottery
Pottery

SHORTAGE OF METAL. SUBSTITUTE. FOREFRONT

 • Canals
Transport
• Roads

• Railways and Shipping

Canals
 James Brindley: 1st canal (mines
to river Mersey)- Manchester.

Canals Canal mania (1790-1794).

Canal network.
Roads
 Followed canal No packhorses,
network. but wagons.
Roads

All year round, not

only summer.
Railways and shipping
Railways and Shipping

Rail tracks and steam engine. Steam shipping: 1833- 1st

passage of the Atlantic
 • Child Labor
• Wages
The Social • Work conditions

Effect • Urbanization
• The plight of women work
Child Labor
 • Work in textile factories, brick yards, coal
Child Labor mines, gas, shipyards, construction, match
factories, chimney sweeping.

• Locked in factories.

• Unsupervised.

• Weak children.

• Same work hours as adults.

Wages and
Work
Conditions
Wages and Work • Low wages: men (10-15 shillings),
Conditions women (5 shillings), children (1
shilling) per week.

• 12-14 hours per day, 6 days a week.

• Improper workplaces: bad lighting,

poor ventilation, dirty.
Urbanization
Urbanization

1750- 1851: INCREASED GROWING INDUSTRY 1850: 8 OUT OF 10 LIVED

POPULATION, CITY LIFE. IN CITIES
Working
Women
Plight of women working

Dangerous
Economic Education
working Home life
necessity. suffered.
conditions.

Supervisory
Dependency. Rejection.
roles of men.
Next Assignment

Hegemony