DOING SCIENTIFIC

INVESTIGATION
WILMER M. LIMIN, LPT
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION SCIENCE is not just about a bunch
of knowledge. It is a process of knowing and
the process of how knowledge develops.
Knowing how science works by practicing
and doing scientific investigation makes us
understand more the things around us.
SCIENCE AS A
PROCESS SCIENCE PROCESSES
1. Observing
2. Inferring
3. Predicting
4. Classifying
5. Measuring
6. Communicating
SCIENCE
PROCESSES 1. Observing – is a basic science process in
which you use your senses to gather
information about the things and events
around you.
Qualitative Observation – when you use
your senses to give a description of an object.
Quantitative Observation – when you use
measuring tools or observe through
measuring.
STATE YOUR
OBSERVATIONS
 2. Inferring – is a logical interpretation of your
SCIENCE observation based on experience or prior
knowledge.
PROCESSES

Example:
Observation: The grass on the school’s front
lawn is wet.

State your inferences.

 Example:
SCIENCE
PROCESSES Observation: The grass on the school’s front
lawn is wet.

State your inferences.

Possible Inferences:
1. It rained
2. The sprinkles was on
3. There is dew on the grass from the morning
4. A dog urinated on the grass.
 3. Predicting – is making an “intelligent guess”
SCIENCE about the outcome of an experiment or an event.
Prediction is based on observable facts, trends
PROCESSES
and patterns.

Interpolation – a prediction based within the

observed data.
Extrapolation – a prediction based beyond the
observed data according to the pattern that the
data show.

Example: It is cloudy today so I predict

_____________________.
SCIENCE
PROCESSES
4. Classifying – is looking for common
attributes that can help explain how things are
related.
CLASSIFY
THEM
SCIENCE
PROCESSES
5. Measuring – is determining the size of an
object or the amount of a material with the use
of measuring instruments.
MEASURING
TOOLS
SCIENCE
PROCESSES
6. Communicating – is sharing the results of
your experiments or research to others. The
results and findings of a scientific
investigation become more useful when
shared to the scientific community.
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD – is a scientific way
of solving problems.

STEPS IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

THE
SCIENTIFIC 1. Identifying the Problem
METHOD 2. Formulating Hypothesis
3. Testing the Hypothesis
4. Gathering and Presenting Data
5. Analyzing Data
6. Drawing Conclusions
 1. Identifying the Problem
A problem may be a question
resulting from observations or experiences.
STEPS IN
THE Example: You grow potted carnations in your
SCIENTIFIC garden that is shaded by an acacia tree. You
METHOD are bothered why they produce only few
flowers though you apply the best kind of
fertilizer. Since they are shaded, your
problem is “ Do carnations need enough
sunlight to produce many flowers?”
 2. Formulating Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a possible
explanation for your observation or a
temporary answer to the problem. It is an
STEPS IN idea based on prior knowledge that can be
THE tested.
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
Example: (If-then statement)
If I place my carnations in an area
where there is enough sunlight, then it will
produce more flowers.
 3. Testing the Hypothesis
Experiments – they are series of tests conducted
to verify the hypothesis.
Variables – are factors that affect the result of the
STEPS IN experiment.
THE Independent Variable – also known as the
manipulated variable, is the variable that is
SCIENTIFIC changed in the experiment to see its effect.
METHOD Dependent Variable – also known as the
responding variable, is being affected by the
independent variable.
Controlled Variable – the variable that stays the
same throughout the experiment
STEPS IN
THE
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
 An experiment must be a fair test.

Experimental Setup – is a setup on which

change is applied.
STEPS IN Control Setup – is a setup that is treated
exactly like the experimental setup except
THE that the manipulated variable is not applied
SCIENTIFIC to it.
METHOD
 4. Gathering and Presenting Data
In a scientific investigation, data
STEPS IN must be collected and organized carefully.
Tables and graphs are excellent tools for
THE
organizing data.
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
BAR GRAPH

PIE GRAPH
LINE GRAPH
STEPS IN
THE
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
 5. Analyzing Data
Data analysis is the part where
STEPS IN you put everything together. Based on trends
or patterns of the experimental data and your
THE
observations, you try to make inferences and
SCIENTIFIC pedictions.
METHOD
DATA
ANALYSIS As shown from the graph
presented, after 1 week, the carnation plants that are exposed
to sunlight produced 10 flowers while the carnation plants
that are shaded produced 5. After 2 weeks, the carnation
plants exposed to sunlight bore 20 flowers while the shaded
ones produced 10. And finally on the third week, the
carnation plants exposed to sunlight produced 30 flowers
while the shaded ones bore 15.
 6. Drawing Conclusions
To state your conclusions, find
STEPS IN out how the results of your experiment
THE support your hypothesis.
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
 Example:

Hypothesis :
If I place my carnations in an area where there
is enough sunlight, then it will produce more
flowers.
DRAWING
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusion :
Based from the data collected, it is shown
that carnation plants that are exposed to more
sunlight produced more flowers than the ones
that are shaded. Therefore, carnation plants
need more sunlight in order to bear more
flowers.
THANK YOU…
REFERENCES:

oBreaking Through Science 7 (Second

Edition) by Baguio, Sol Saranay M.
et al. pp. 1-21
owww.google.com
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