saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTali 2 (gansakuTrebuli nawili).

leqciis hendauTi
giorgi CaxvaZe

leqcia #1:
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia

bsu.
2023/24 saswavlo weli
 Sesavali

- saerTaSoriso organizaciebis cneba;

- saxeebi;

- saerTaSoriso organizaciebis samarTalsubieqturoba da gaero;

reparaciebis saqme (ICJ).
 gaeros wesdeba da misi statusi

- wesdeba rogorc gaeros sadamfuZneblo dokumenti (constituent instrument);

- gaeros wesdeba rogorc saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba – ‘international treaty’ (saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo

samarTlis Sesaxeb 1969 wlis venis konvenciis me-2 (1) (a) muxli):

(a) “treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and
governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related
instruments and whatever its particular designation (VCLT, Article 2 (1) (a))”.
 gaeros wesdeba da misi statusi

- saxelmwifoTa Soris (,,concluded between states”);

- werilobiTi formiT (,,in written form”);

- saerTaSoriso samarTliT regulirebuli (,,governed by international law”);

- miuxedavad imisa is inkorporirebulia erT dokumentSi TuU ramdenimeSi da

miuxedavad misi konkretuli daniSnulebisa (,,whether embodied in a single instrument or
in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation”).
 wesdeba da masSi mocemuli principebi avaldebuleben:

gaerosa da mis organoebs;

-
- wevr-saxelmwifoebs;

- arawevr-saxelmwifoebs

- kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaeros wesdeba avaldebulebdes gaeros wesdebis arawevr

saxelmwifoebs?
wesdebis 103 muxli: mimarTeba gaeros wesdebiT aRebul valdebulebebsa da sxva
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT aRebul valdbeulebebs Soris (Trumping Effect).

gaeros wevrebis winamdebare wesdebiTa da sxva saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT nakisr

valdebulebebs Soris konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, upiratesoba mieniWeba wesdebiT
gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebebs. G

gaeros wesdeba – ordinaruli saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba Tu mTeli ,,saerTaSoriso

sazogadoebis konstitucia” ?
 e bi :
ki T x v

aqvs Tu ara wesdebis 103-e muxlis mixedviT gaeros wesdebas primati saerTaSoriso
CveulebiT samarTalze?

gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos, romelic moqmedebs wesdebis me-7 Tavis safuZvelze SeuZlia Tu
ara gadauxvios saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo da CveulebiTi samarTlis normebs?

gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos samSvidobo operaciebi (UNSC Peace-keeping operations) da

adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali.

al-jeda didi britaneTis saerTaSoriso samarTlis imperatiuli

winaaRmdeg. adamianis gaeros adamianis uflebaTa normebTan Tavsebadoba (saerTaSoriso
uflebaTa evropuli sabWos pozicia saxelSekrulebo samarTlis Sesaxeb venis
konvencia. muxlebi 54, 63).
sasamarTlo. 2011.
gaeros ZiriTadi miznebi mocemulia wesdebis preambulasa da pirvel muxlSi.

wesdebis pirvel muxlSi mxolod organizaciis miznebi ar aris gacxadebuli. aseve aqcenti keTdeba saerTaSoriso
samarTlis principebze da garkveul saSualebebze miznebis misaRwevad.

G
 kiTxva: ra igulisxmeba saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacvaSi
(maintenance of international peace and security)?

saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da
usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
e.w. ,,tradiciuli safrTxeebi”.
magaliTi: terorizmi da gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos 1368 (2001) rezolucia:
,,Unequivocally condemns in the strongest terms the horrifying terrorist
attacks which took place on 11 September 2001 in New York, Washington, D.C. and
Pennsylvania and regards such acts, like any act of international terrorism, as a
threat to international peace and security”.

saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da magaliTi: saxelmwifo SigniT mimdinare adamianis uflebebis

usafrTxoebis farTo ganmarteba (?) G da uxeSi darRvevebi.
sistemuri
 principebi (wesdebis me-2 muxli): gaeros saqmianobisTvis mniSvnelovani
principebi Tu saerTaSoriso samarTlis fundamenturi principebi?

saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis principi (paragrafi 1);

keTilsindisierebis principi (paragrafi 2);

davebis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis principi (paragrafi 3);

Zalis gamoyenebisa da ZaliT muqaris akrZalvis principi (paragrafi 4)

kooperaciis (TanamSromlobis) principi (paragrafi 5);

G
gaeros arawevri saxelmwifoebis mier gaeros wesdebis principebis dacvis valdebuleba ,,imdenad ramdenadac es
aucilebelia saerTaSoriso mSvidoisa da usafrTxoebis dasacavad” (paragrafi 6);

gaeros mier wevri saxelmwifoebis Sida saqmeeSi Caurevlobis principi (paragrafi 7).
kiTxva #1: vis avaldebulebs gaeros wesdebis me-2 muxlSi mocemuli
principebi?

kiTxva #2: Zalis gamoyenebisa da ZaliT muqaris akrZalvis principi

mxolod gaeros wevr-saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs?

nikaraguas saqme (gaeros saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo)

Zalis gamoyenebisa G da ZaliT muqaris akrZalvis principi rogorc

saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo, CveulebiTi da ,,Jus Cogens” norma.
saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacvis valdebulebis ganawileba sxvadasxva
organoebsa da organizaciebze:

Ggaeros uSiSroebis sabWo

gaeros wesdebis me-7 Tavis Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa

da usafrTxoebis dacvaze pasuxismgebeli principuli organo.

gaeros generaluri asamblea da wesdebis me-14 da me-15 muxlebi

generalur asambleas SeuZlia rekomendacia gauwios konkretul RonisZiebebs
konkretuli situaciis mSvidobianad daregulirebis mizniT Tu is miiCnevs rom esa
Tu is situacia warmoadgens safrTxes saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa G da
usafrTxoebisTvis.
saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacvis valdebulebis ganawileba sxvadasxva
organoebsa da organizaciebze:

regionaluri organizaciebi da wesdebis 52 (1) muxli:

wesdebis 51-e muxli aseve avadebulebs regionalur organizaciebs

daicvan gaeros wesdebis ZiriTadi principebi maT saqmianobaSi
gansakuTrebiT Tu saqme exeba saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da
usafrTxoebis dacvas.

gaeros saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo Tavis mTel gadawyvetilebebSi

G aseve
miuTiTebs gaeros wesdebis principebze .
 gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi (muxli 7)

gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi

1. generaluri asamblea

2. uSiSroebis sabWo

3. ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo

4. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo

5. samdivno

6. ‘Trusteeship Council’
G
wesdebis 108 da 109-e muxlebi (Amendment mechanism): aris Tu ara es
CamonaTvali amomwuravi da SeiZleba Tu ara Seicvalos gaeros ZiriTadi
wevrebis Semadgenloba?
 gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi (muxli 7)

gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi

1. generaluri asamblea

2. uSiSroebis sabWo

3. ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo

4. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo

5. samdivno

6. ‘Trusteeship Council’
G
wesdebis 15-e muxli da SesaZlo ierarqia ZiriTad organoebs Soris (?): me-15 muxli iTvaliswinebs
rom generaluri asamblea iRebs da ganixilavs moxsenebebs uSiSroebis sabWosa da gaeros sxva
organoebisgan.
aqvs generalur asambleas ufleba Sesasruleblad savaldebulo direqtivebi misces am organoebs?
 gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi (muxli 7)

gaeros ZiriTadi organoebi

1. generaluri asamblea

2. uSiSroebis sabWo

3. ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo

4. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo

5. samdivno

6. ‘Trusteeship Council’
G

gaeros saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos sakonsultacio daskvna gaeroSi axali wevrebis miRebis Taobaze:
gaeros ZiriTad organoebs Soris ar arsebobs araviTari ierarqia.
 gaeros subsidiuri organoebi (muxli 7 (2))

ras niSnavs subsidiuri organo da aris Tu ara es cneba gansazRvruli gaeros wesdebiT?

zogadad, subsidiuri organo aris is organo, romelic dafuZnebulia geros ZiriTadi organos
mier an misi xelmZRvanelobiT gaeros wesdebis me-7 (2)-s Sesabamisad Sesabamisi
organos rezoluciis safuZvelze.

G
 wevroba

UN Charter, Article 3
,,The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United
Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the
Declaration by United Nations of January 1,1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance
with Article 110”.

kiTxva: sWirdebaT Tu ara gaeros Tavdapirvel wevrebs gaeros wesdebis me-4 muxlis (romelic
exeba ,,Membership Criteria”-s ) moTxovnebis dakmayofileba?

G
 wevroba

gaeros wesdeba, muxli 4

,,gaeros wevroba Riaa yvela mSvidobismoyvare saxelmwifosTvis, romlebic iReben winamdebare
wesdebaSi mocemul valdebulebebs da, organizaciis gadawyvetilebiT, SeuZliaT da surT am
valdebulebebis Sesruleba. am saxelmwifoebis gaeros wevrebad miReba xdeba generaluri asambleis
gadawyvetilebiT uSiSroebis sabWos rekomendaciis safuZvelze”.

gaeros wevrobisTvis aucilebeli fundamenturi, materialuri kriteriumi: saxelmwifoebrioba (saxelmwifoTa

uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb montevideos konvencia, muxli 1).

G
 gaeros organoebi (generaluri asamblea)

gaeros wesdeba, muxli 9

,,1. generaluri asamblea Sedgeba gaeros yvela wevrisagan.
2. TiToeul wevrs unda hyavdes araumetes xuTi warmomadgenlisa generalur asambleaSi ”.

gaeros erTaderTi ZiriTadi organo, romelSic warmodgenilia gaeros yvela wevri saxelmwifo.

G
generalur asambleas SeuZlia ganixilos nebismieri kiTxva an sakiTxi, romelic Sedis winamdebare wesdebis
farglebSi an exeba winamdebare qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri organos uflebamosilebebsa da
funqciebs. amave muxlis, mixedviT aRniSnul sakiTxebze generalur asambleas aqvs rekomendaciebis
gacemis uflebamosileba (gaeros wesdebis me-10 muxli). .
 gaeros organoebi (generaluri asamblea)

gaeros wesdeba, muxli 9

,,1. generaluri asamblea Sedgeba gaeros yvela wevrisagan.
2. TiToeul wevrs unda hyavdes araumetes xuTi warmomadgenlisa generalur asambleaSi ”.

asambleis TiToeul wevrs aqvs erTi xma da asambleis gadawyvetilebebi Cveulebriv miiReba xmaTa
umravlesobiT an specifikur SemTxvevebSi damswre da kenWisyraSi monawile saxelmwifoebis 2/3-is
umravlesobiT (wesdebis me-18 muxli).
G
 gaeros organoebi (generaluri asamblea)

gaeros wesdeba, muxli 9

,,1. generaluri asamblea Sedgeba gaeros yvela wevrisagan.
2. TiToeul wevrs unda hyavdes araumetes xuTi warmomadgenlisa generalur asambleaSi ”.

muxli 17 (1):

,,generaluri asamblea ganixilavs da amtkicebs organizaciis biujets”.

G
 gaeros uSiSroebis sabWo

15 wevri. 5 permanentuli (vetos uflebiT), 10 arapermanentuli.

irCevs generaluri asamblea ori wlis vadiT geografiuli ganawilebis principiT da maT mier saerTaSoriso
mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacvis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilis gaTvaliswinebiT.

ZiriTadi funqcia: saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacva.

kiTxva: aris Tu ara saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis dacva gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos
eqskluziuri uflebamosileba?
G

uSiSroebis sabWos uflebamosilebebi gaeros wesdebis me-7 Tavis Sesabamisad.

 ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo; samdivno

54 wevri (gaeros wesdebis 61-e muxli; rezolucia 2847).

wevrebs irCevs generaluri asamblea 3 wlis vadiT.

sabWos ZiriTadi uflebamosilebebia: 1) moxsenebebis momzadeba saerTaSoriso ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul,

saganmanaTleblo, jandacvis da masTan dakavSirebul sakiTzebze; 2) aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT gasces Sesabamisi
rekomendaciebi generaluri asambleisvis da gaeros specializiriebuli saagentoebisTvis; 3) rekomendaciebis gacema aRniSnul
sferoebSi adamainis uflebaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT; 4) konvenciebis draftebis momzadeba kompetenciis farglebSi da gen
asambleisTvis wardgena. 5) mis kompetencias mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze saerTaSoriso konferenciebis mowveva.
G

samdivno

* gaeros samdivno axorcielebs gaeros yoveldRiur muSaobas generaluri asambleisa da organizaciis sxva organoebis mier miniWebuli mandatis
safuZvelze. mas xelmZRvanelobs generaluri mdivani, romelic iniSneba gen asambleis mier uSiSroebis sabWos rekomendaciis safuZvelze. mdebaroebs
niu iorkSi.
 saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo (ICJ)

Semadgenloba

procedura da iurisdiqcia

iurisdiqciis amoqmedeba

G
gadawyvetilebis xasiaTi da aRsruleba