Unit II:- Alternator-

Synchronous generators.
Gom Dorji
Lecturer
Electrical Engineering Department
College of Science and Technology.

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 Unit Content

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 Unit Content

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 Parallel operation of alternator.

• The operation of alternator in parallel with

another alternator or with common bus-bars is
known as synchronizing.
• The alternator is connected to a live system of
constant voltage and constant frequency.
• The alternator which it is connected to has lots
of alternator connected to the live system
somewhere. In that case, alternator (incoming
line) is said to be connected to infinite bus
bars.
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 Conditions for synchronization

1. The terminal voltage of incoming alternator

and reference bus bar must be same.
2. The frequency should be also same.
3. The phase sequence of the alternator and
reference bus should be same.
Condition (1) is indicated by voltmeter.
Condition (2) and (3) are indicated by
synchronizing lamps.
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 Synchronizing of alternators

(a) Single-phase
alternators-suppose
machine 2 is to be
Dark period
synchronized with the bus
bar to which machine 1 is
already connected.
-L1 and L2 are used for
synchronization- this lamp is called
synchronizing lamp. bright period
-Speed of machine 2 is bought such a
way that it’s frequency matches with
machine 1.

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 Synchronizing of alternators

(a) Single-phase
alternators
-If there is frequency difference, there
will also be phase difference.

-Though both the machines has same

magnitude, due to difference in
frequency, resultant voltage will be
sometimes maximum and sometimes
minimum.
-due to change in resultant voltage The dark lamp indicates the two
level, current flow will also be voltages are out of phase, which
interrupted, and lamp will be flickering. indicates no resultant current flow.
The frequency of flickering will be f2-f1

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 Three phase alternator

• Two bright and one

dark connection

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 Parallel operation of two
alternators

Apply KVL to
calculate I

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 Student activity
• Share the notes on synchronizing current
• Share the notes on synchronizing power
• Alternators connected to infinite bus-bars
• Synchronizing torque
• Effect of load on synchronizing power

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